Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Bilateral Papillary Traction due to Persistent Hyaloid Vessel Remnants in Aymé-Gripp Syndrome.","authors":"Carolina Carvalho Soares Valentim, Mohamed M Khodeiry, Maja Kostic","doi":"10.1155/crop/2557037","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crop/2557037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although papillary traction often arises from anomalous vitreous detachment, it can be related to traction from persistent remnants of the fetal hyaloid vasculature.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 17-year-old girl with Aymé-Gripp syndrome was incidentally found to have bilateral optic nerve elevation in the setting of bilateral persistent hyaloid vessel remnants causing papillary traction. Brain imaging was unremarkable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the rare occurrence of bilateral papillary traction in a young patient with a genetic syndrome and underscores the importance of considering papillary traction in the differential diagnosis of optic nerve elevation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9603,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2557037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148711394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the Eye Reveals Disseminated Tuberculosis: A Pediatric Case of Endophthalmitis With Severe CNS Involvement.","authors":"Nicola De Santi, Laura Curci, Eduardo Bianchi, Barbara Iaccheri, Carlo Pallotto, Daniele Rosignoli, Tito Fiore, Giuseppe Vittorio Luigi De Socio, Carlo Cagini","doi":"10.1155/crop/8141797","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crop/8141797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to report a case of tuberculosis involving central nervous system (CNS) discovered thanks to tubercular endophathlmitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a case report.</p><p><strong>Observation: </strong>A 14-year-old male presented with acute visual loss, ocular pain, and redness of the right eye following a recent stay in India. The clinical history was notable for prolonged fever, night sweats, and headache. Ophthalmological examination revealed severe intraocular inflammation consistent with panuveitis and endophthalmitis. Neuroimaging demonstrated a large ring-enhancing lesion in the right hemisphere with significant mass effect. Initial microbiological investigations, including vitreous sampling, were negative. A positive interferon-gamma release assay and radiological findings raised suspicion for disseminated tuberculosis, and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> DNA was subsequently detected in vitreous samples after repeating a second vitrectomy. Antitubercular therapy was started and definitive diagnosis was made with biopsy of the brain lesion, which demonstrated positive cultures for drug-sensitive <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. The clinical course was complicated by retinal detachment, paradoxical enlargement of the cerebral tuberculoma, and postoperative neurological deficits requiring surgical intervention and rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of ocular and CNS tuberculosis and emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion, repeated targeted sampling, and multidisciplinary management to achieve timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9603,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8141797"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13445253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroretinitis Secondary to Toxoplasma Infection in an Adult.","authors":"Shamila Ladak, M A Rehman Siddiqui","doi":"10.1155/crop/8474953","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crop/8474953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to report a case of neuroretinitis in a healthy adult with active primary Toxoplasma infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 27-year-old previously healthy woman presented with sudden-onset blurred vision and a central scotoma in her left eye. Visual acuity in the affected eye was 20/80. Examination revealed dense vitreous exudation, optic disc edema, and macular star formation. OCT demonstrated optic disc elevation, thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer, and keratitic precipitates along the posterior vitreous interface. A comprehensive laboratory workup was ordered, in which <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> IgM and IgG antibodies were positive. After 6 weeks of treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, significant resolution of the macular star and disc swelling was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even in the absence of an immunocompromised state or classic risk factors, toxoplasmosis should be considered a differential diagnosis of neuroretinitis. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent permanent vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":9603,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8474953"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13416399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal Detachment in a Patient on a CPAP Therapy.","authors":"Emilia Żurowska, Emilia Zwolińska, Iwona Rospond-Kubiak","doi":"10.1155/crop/2417779","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crop/2417779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study is to present a rare case of choroidal detachment in a patient on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>A 76-year-old man on CPAP therapy due to obstructive sleep apnea presented to the ocular oncology clinic with a suspicion of an intraocular tumor. He complained of tunnel vision in red, floaters and flashes in the visual field, and irritation of the left eye since 13 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On initial assessment, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the left eye was 1.0, and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 21 mmHg. The examination revealed dilated, tortuous episcleral vessels and a massive choroidal effusion. The patient was diagnosed with choroidal detachment and was treated with topical dexamethasone 0.1% and cyclopentolate. On a follow-up visit 3 weeks later, the BCVA got worse to hand movements and IOP increased to 27 mmHg. The patient received a combination of dorzolamide and timolol in addition to the aforementioned treatment. Over the following 16 weeks, a gradual resolution of the choroidal detachment was documented.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CPAP treatment is a possible, though unproven, contributor to the choroidal detachment. The patient improved during corticosteroid, cycloplegic, and IOP-lowering treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9603,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2417779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13420310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior Segment OCT Features of Cytomegalovirus Endotheliitis Mimicking Graft Rejection After DSAEK: Report of Two Cases and Diagnostic Implications.","authors":"Giovanni Rubegni, Alex Malandrini, Giorgia Guidetti, Giulia Spadavecchia, Gian Marco Tosi","doi":"10.1155/crop/2019761","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crop/2019761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the study is to describe anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) findings in cytomegalovirus (CMV) endotheliitis occurring after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and to emphasize their role in the differential diagnosis between viral endotheliitis and immune-mediated graft rejection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two cases of CMV-associated endotheliitis following uneventful DSAEK were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical presentation, intraocular pressure changes, AS-OCT features, virological assessment by aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction (PCR), treatment, and outcomes were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both patients developed postoperative graft dysfunction characterized by corneal edema, Descemet membrane folds, and elevated intraocular pressure, initially suggestive of acute allograft rejection. AS-OCT consistently demonstrated a characteristic pattern consisting of graft folds associated with hyperreflective endothelial precipitates, even when slit-lamp examination was limited by severe corneal edema. Aqueous humor PCR testing confirmed CMV DNA in both cases. Targeted antiviral therapy with oral valganciclovir led to resolution of endothelial inflammation and improvement of graft morphology. One patient required repeat endothelial keratoplasty due to irreversible endothelial damage despite virological control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CMV endotheliitis should be considered in cases of atypical graft dysfunction after DSAEK, particularly when associated with elevated intraocular pressure and suboptimal response to corticosteroid therapy. AS-OCT may represent a valuable adjunctive tool in the immunological assessment of endothelial keratoplasty by supporting early recognition of viral endotheliitis and guiding appropriate antiviral management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9603,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2019761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally Invasive Segmental Scleral Buckle as Primary Surgery for the Repair of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Descriptive Case Series Study.","authors":"Supanji Supanji, Dewi Fathin Romdhoniyyah, Hifdza Faza Felisha, Felicia Widyaputri, Tiara Putri Utami, Erin Arsianti, Mohammad Eko Prayogo, Firman Setya Wardhana, Muhammad Bayu Sasongko","doi":"10.1155/crop/2135418","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crop/2135418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The scleral buckling (SB) or encircling buckle technique has been employed in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). While encircling buckle technique offers substantial assistance in managing RRD, particularly for cases involving numerous breaks or extensive detachments, this procedure is time-consuming and associated with complications such as anterior segment ischemia. In contrast, segmental scleral buckling (SSB) provides a more targeted approach for correcting retinal detachments. Thus, SSB is technically straightforward in the hands of an experienced vitreoretinal surgeon. Herein, we delineate anatomical and functional results of SSB in RRD patients.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Seven consecutive patients (seven eyes) with primary RRD were treated with the SSB technique and followed up for 6 months. Postoperatively, all seven individuals exhibited satisfactory buckle positioning and height, with retinal detachments resolving within 24 h. Subretinal fluid drainage was required in five of seven eyes, reflecting the relatively bullous nature of most detachments, whereas two eyes were successfully reattached without drainage. At both 1- and 6-month follow-ups, anatomical and functional improvements were maintained, demonstrating a 100% reattachment rate with no reported surgical complications or instances of redetachment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this small, consecutive case series from a tertiary referral centre in Indonesia, SSB achieved favourable anatomical and functional outcomes at 6 months, with no redetachment or serious complications. The procedure was well tolerated, and in our resource-limited setting, the material costs were lower than those of encircling buckling or vitrectomy based on local procurement prices, although we did not conduct a formal economic analysis. We therefore suggest that SSB remains a reasonable primary option for selected RRD cases, particularly in young, myopic patients with a single break. Larger, ideally multicentre studies are needed to confirm these observations and to explore generalisability to less experienced surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":9603,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2135418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13397863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Femtosecond Laser for Cataract Surgery in Patients With Previous Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty and Corneal Scar: A Case Report.","authors":"Jordan J Huang, Yordan Urrutia, Jose Miguel Mora Correa, Allister Gibbons, Jaime D Martinez","doi":"10.1155/crop/3238383","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crop/3238383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study describes the outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in patients with prior corneal scarring and prior anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK). Two male patients, aged 65 and 61 years, presented for cataract surgery with a central corneal scar and previous ALK, respectively. Both underwent standard FLACS to address their cataracts amidst these complex corneal conditions. The procedure successfully achieved a centered 5.0 mm capsulotomy without tags or tears, and the lens was segmented into a sextant pattern and removed without difficulty. No serious intraoperative complications occurred. In the first case, best corrected visual acuity improved from 20/150 to 20/40 at 1-month postoperation, with the patient reporting enhanced visual clarity. In the second case, visual acuity improved from 20/800 to 20/100 1 month after surgery, with further enhancement to 20/60 following scleral lens fitting. This study represents an existing technique on the use of FLACS in patients with ALK and corneal scarring. The findings demonstrate that FLACS can be effectively and safely performed in these challenging cases, providing valuable insights into its potential advantages over traditional manual cataract surgery, particularly in patients with compromised ocular structures and limited lens visibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":9603,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3238383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148577069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Cosmetic Blepharoplasty in a Young Patient: A Case Report.","authors":"Abdul Hadi Hassan Mallick, Manahil Malik, Fatima Zahra, Haji Ismail, Haroon Tayyab","doi":"10.1155/crop/5972407","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crop/5972407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to report a case of unilateral central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) as a rare ophthalmic complication following bilateral cosmetic blepharoplasty in a young patient and to highlight its probable causes, management, and preventive considerations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 31-year-old gentleman, with no known comorbidities, presented with complaints of vision loss in the left eye for 6 weeks after undergoing bilateral cosmetic blepharoplasty. At presentation, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/25 in the right eye (OD) and no perception of light (NPL) in the left eye (OS). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 14 mmHg in both eyes (OU). Pupillary examination revealed a round, regular, and reactive pupil in the right eye, whereas the left pupil was mid-dilated and nonreactive, with a positive relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). The fellow eye remained asymptomatic following surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At presentation, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed, and it demonstrated marked thinning of the inner retinal layers, consistent with chronic CRAO in the left eye. Given the rarity of CRAO in young individuals, a comprehensive systemic workup was performed, including hematological, inflammatory, coagulation, autoimmune, and cardiac evaluations. All investigations were within normal limits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRAO can occur as a rare postoperative complication of cosmetic blepharoplasty. Early recognition, prompt management, and careful postoperative monitoring may prevent the risk of such complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9603,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5972407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148577078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Epiretinal Proliferation in a Case of Tuberculosis Uveitis.","authors":"Doğukan Cömerter, Eyüp Düzgün","doi":"10.1155/crop/7580881","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crop/7580881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To report an unusual epiretinal proliferation (EP) case in tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 30-year-old female patient with a history of uveitis presented with blurry vision and floaters for 5 days. The visual acuities of the right and left eyes were 7/10 and 9/10, respectively. A slit lamp examination of the right eye showed moderate anterior uveitis with anterior chamber cells of 2+ and 1+ cells in the anterior vitreous. The left eye showed a posterior synechia at the inferior half of the pupil but no cells in the anterior chamber. Mild vitritis was observed in both eyes. A fundus examination revealed two atrophic punch-out lesions in the right eye and multiple pigmented chorioretinal scar-like lesions in the left eye. OCT showed cystoid macular edema in the right eye and a wide epiretinal proliferative membrane in the left eye. The immunocompetent patient had a family history of tuberculosis (TB) infection. The tuberculin skin test resulted in a ≥ 20-mm induration, and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test was positive. The patient was started on topical and oral steroids. Additionally, anti-TB treatment was added, leading to a favorable outcome. Following treatment, signs of panuveitis showed resolution, and there was an improvement in vision symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To our knowledge, this may represent one of the first reported cases of EP associated with tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9603,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7580881"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13377523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148577080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular Neovascular Membrane as a Late Complication of Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE) Managed With Intravitreal Aflibercept.","authors":"Ana Paula Couto, Bruno F Fernandes, Raul N G Vianna","doi":"10.1155/crop/3693224","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crop/3693224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of a macular neovascular membrane (MNV) 14 years after an episode of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 22-year-old man presented with acute bilateral blurred vision. The best corrected visual acuity (VA) was 20/200 in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed bilateral multiple yellow-gray placoid lesions and macular serous detachments. Multimodal imaging and a systemic workup excluded systemic inflammatory or infectious diseases, confirming the diagnosis of APMPPE. The patient was treated with triamcinolone acetonide, an intravitreal injection in the right eye, and a posterior subtenon injection in the left eye. At the 8-week follow-up, the fundus lesions healed, with resolution of the macular serous detachment in both eyes. The VA improved to 20/63 bilaterally. After being lost to follow-up for 14 years, the patient presented sudden worsening of vision in the left eye. The VA decreased to 20/400 in the left eye due to an extensive subretinal hemorrhage and hard exudates in the macula. After diagnostic confirmation of a Type 2 MNV by optical coherence tomography angiography, the patient was treated with three monthly intravitreal injections of aflibercept. The VA improved to 20/160 a month after the treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The treatment with aflibercept in this rare case of MNV secondary to APMPPE effectively controlled membrane activity. However, the fibrosis and atrophy resulting from the MNV contributed to only a partial recovery of VA. Long-term follow-up of patients with APMPPE is recommended for early detection and treatment of possible MNV development to improve functional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9603,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3693224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}