Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids最新文献

{"title":"Cross-sectional analysis of plasma n-3 fatty acid levels and self-reported hearing difficulty in the UK Biobank Cohort","authors":"Michael I. McBurney ,&nbsp;Nathan L. Tintle ,&nbsp;Jason Westra ,&nbsp;William S. Harris ,&nbsp;Sharon E. Curhan","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Disabling hearing loss affects ∼430 million people globally. Fish consumption and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake were inversely associated with risk of hearing loss, but the association of plasma n-3 PUFAs and hearing loss is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the associations between plasma n-3 PUFA fractions (as % of total fatty acids), i.e., DHA % and Other n-3 PUFA % (defined as total n-3 PUFA minus DHA), with self-reported hearing difficulty in a population-based cohort in the UK.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our study includes 175,177 UK Biobank participants (40–69y, 54 % women) with data on plasma n-3 PUFA and hearing status. Baseline plasma PUFA levels were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance, and self-reported hearing difficulty was obtained by questionnaire between 2007 and 2010. Logistic regression was used to estimate age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs), multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (MVORs) by adjusting for 14 demographic, behavioral, biomarker and health-related potential confounders, and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hearing difficulty was reported by 26.7 % of participants. Higher plasma n-3 PUFA levels were independently associated with lower odds of self-reported hearing difficulty. The prevalence of hearing difficulty rose across age strata (40–49y, 15.8 %; 50–59y, 24.9 % and 60+<em>y</em>, 34.4 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) and overall was higher in males (33.2 %) than females (21.3 %). Compared with those in the lowest quintile of plasma DHA % or Other n-3 PUFA %, the MVOR (95 % CI) for hearing difficulty was 0.88 (0.85, 0.92) in highest quintile of plasma DHA %, and 0.91 (0.87, 0.94) in the highest quintile of Other n-3 PUFA %. The associations with DHA % did not differ by age or sex (p-for-interaction 0.83 and 0.58, respectively). MVORs for DHA % and Other n-3 PUFA % were similar among the 44,486 individuals with data on noise exposure at work.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher plasma n-3 PUFA levels were independently associated with lower odds of hearing difficulty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 102654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallein but not fluorescein enhances the PGD2-stimulated synthesis of osteoprotegerin and interleukin-6 in osteoblasts","authors":"Tomoyuki Hioki ,&nbsp;Gen Kuroyanagi ,&nbsp;Rie Matsushima-Nishiwaki ,&nbsp;Takuya Omura ,&nbsp;Osamu Kozawa ,&nbsp;Haruhiko Tokuda","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gallein, a small molecule related to fluorescein, is established as an inhibitor of Gβγ subunits to inhibit G protein (Gs) signaling. This agent is providing a potential therapeutic strategy to ameliorate organ dysfunctions especially involved in inflammation, however; the effects on bone metabolism have not yet been clarified. Prostaglandins (PGs) play important roles as autacoids including osteoblasts, and <span>d</span>-type prostanoid (DP) receptor, a member of G protein-coupled receptor specific to PGD₂, is expressed on osteoblasts. We previously reported that prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) induces the syntheses of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), essential factors in bone remodelling process, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-<em>Jun</em> N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p44/p42 MAPK are involved in the signal transduction of PGD₂ in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Thus, we investigated in this study that the effect and the underlying mechanism of gallein, an inhibitor Gβɤ subunits, on the syntheses of OPG and IL-6 induced by PGD₂ in these cells. The cultured cells were treated with gallein or fluorescein, a structurally related compound inactive to Gβɤ subunits, and subsequently stimulated with PGD₂. Not fluorescein but gallein amplified the PGD₂-stimulated releases of OPG and IL-6. Gallein enhanced the PGD₂-upregulated mRNA expression levels of OPG and IL-6. Regarding the signaling mechanism, gallein did not affect the PGD₂-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK, or p42 MAPK. In conclusion, gallein upregulates the PGD₂-stimulated syntheses of OPG and IL-6 by the specific effect to inhibit Gβγ subunits in osteoblasts, but the effect is not exerted at the upstream of p38 MAPK, JNK, or p44/p42 MAPK activation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 102639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The disparate effects of omega-3 PUFAs on intestinal microbial homeostasis in experimental rodents under physiological condition","authors":"Zhenglong Chai ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyue Ji ,&nbsp;Xinyi Hu ,&nbsp;Yannan He ,&nbsp;Feng Zhao ,&nbsp;Chunyan Song ,&nbsp;Yiqiu Zhou ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Canxia He ,&nbsp;Dezheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs), primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are linked to their regulatory effects on the composition of the gut microbiota. However, there is a lack of direct evidence on whether omega-3 PUFAs regulate the gut microbial homeostasis under physiological conditions. This study investigated the impact of equivalent doses of EPA, DHA, and fish oil (FO) with a DHA to EPA ratio of approximately 1:1 on the bacterial and fungal composition of normal young mice. This study also analyzed changes in key components of the gut microenvironment, including the colonic mucus barrier and short-chain fatty acids, to address the prebiotic potential of omega-3 PUFAs. The results showed that all three omega-3 PUFAs interventions induced significant fluctuations in the gut bacteria and fungi, leading to an increase in the abundance of some probiotics. Notably, DHA, EPA, and FO interventions significantly increased the abundance of the probiotic <em>Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium</em>, and <em>Akkermansia</em>, respectively. Both DHA and fish oil interventions also significantly reduced the abundance of potentially pathogenic fungi, such as <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Penicillium</em>. Association analysis of the top 19 differential fungal and bacterial genera in abundance revealed a much more bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-fungi connections, but fewer fungi-fungi connections. This highlights the importance of bacteria in the gut microecological network. Furthermore, the levels of butyric acid and valeric acid in the colonic contents of DHA intervention group were significantly increased, and the colonic mucus layer thickness was increased in three treatment groups. In summary, DHA, EPA and FO interventions showed targeted enhancement of different probiotics and enhanced colon defense barrier (mucus barrier), showing potential prebiotic effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 102643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolvin D4 mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice","authors":"Rika Inomata ,&nbsp;Hironobu Tsubouchi ,&nbsp;Toshifumi Takao ,&nbsp;Mone Kurokawa ,&nbsp;Shigehisa Yanagi ,&nbsp;Katsuya Sakai ,&nbsp;Taiga Miyazaki","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition involving severe lung inflammation. The excessive oxidative stress and persistent inflammation that occur in ARDS lead to decreased epithelial integrity and hypoxemia due to pulmonary edema via increased vascular permeability. Resolvin D4 (RvD4) is one of the lipid mediators that is biosynthesized from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It plays a role in the resolution of inflammation and reduces oxidative stress and cell death. We investigated the therapeutic potential of the administration of RvD4 in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS. Concurrent with the intratracheal administration of LPS, RvD4 or saline was administered to mice via the caudal vein every 12 h. This treatment with RvD4 alleviated the LPS-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells in lungs, inhibited increased pulmonary vascular permeability, decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and suppressed the reduction of the expression levels of the tight junction protein, Zonula occludens-1 (Zo-1) and the NAD+-dependent deacetylase, Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3). In vitro experiments revealed that in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells, treatment with RvD4 suppressed the increases in the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and maintained the epithelial cell barrier function and cell viability. The silencing of <em>SIRT3</em> abolished both the anti-inflammatory effect and the retention of cell integrity in BEAS-2B cells. Together these results indicate that treatment with RvD4 can (<em>i</em>) protect against LPS-induced lung injury by inhibiting inflammation, and (<em>ii</em>) maintain epithelial barrier function via a reduction in the downregulation of SIRT3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 102652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 fatty acids mitigate skin damage caused by ultraviolet-B radiation","authors":"Akiko Harauma ,&nbsp;Yui Enomoto ,&nbsp;Sayaka Endo ,&nbsp;Himeka Hariya ,&nbsp;Toru Moriguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mice fed a diet containing an adequate amount of ω-3 fatty acids (ω-3 Adq) or a deficient diet (ω-3 Def) were irradiated with ultraviolet-B (UV-B) and were measured daily changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL). TEWL was significantly increased in ω-3 Def mice with repeated UV-B irradiation, but this increase was significantly reduced in ω-3 Adq mice. The epidermal layers revealed thickening of the spinous and basal layers induced by UV-B irradiation in both groups. Moreover, the ω-3 Def mice had a disturbed epidermal structure and a coarser stratum corneum. And the granule cell layer is significantly reduced, and abnormal layer formation (parakeratosis) occurred in the stratum corneum. These results suggest that continuous UV-B irradiation promotes epidermal turnover and leads to epidermal thickening, but ω-3 fatty acids protect the body from UV-B-induced stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 102641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327824000358/pdfft?md5=c3429b485f7e0c2196629fd7f048d66d&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327824000358-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 index and hospitalization in MISC","authors":"Elisabetta Di Profio ,&nbsp;Patrizia Risé ,&nbsp;Lara Orlandi ,&nbsp;Elena Zoia ,&nbsp;Christian Pinna ,&nbsp;Angelo Sala ,&nbsp;Gianvincenzo Zuccotti ,&nbsp;Elvira Verduci","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing interest in Omega-3 fatty acids as diagnostic markers or new therapeutic approaches also for COVID-19 disease, led us to investigate the presence of potential correlations between Omega-3 fatty acids’ levels in whole blood and days of hospitalization or admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in 51 children with MIS-C diagnosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between days of hospitalization and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3,DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total Omega-3 FA levels. Dividing the study group into quartiles according to Omega-3-Index (O3I), no statistically significant difference was observed with respect to the PICU admission rate. In contrast, the number of days of hospitalization in Q4 (O3I ≥ 2.51 %) was different from the number observed in groups Q1-3 (O3I &lt; 2.51 %), with subjects showing higher O3I needing shorter hospitalizations than the subjects with lower O3I. According to previous study investigating O3I in adults affected by Sars-cov-2 we explored the levels of this nutrients in children with MIS-C. Our exploratory study shows that high DPA, DHA and O3I levels could be effective in reducing the length of hospitalization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 102627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 supplementation changes the physical properties of leukocytes but not erythrocytes in healthy individuals: An exploratory trial","authors":"Jan Philipp Schuchardt ,&nbsp;Martin Kräter ,&nbsp;Maximilian Schlögel ,&nbsp;Jochen Guck ,&nbsp;Brigitte A. van Oirschot-Hermans ,&nbsp;Jennifer Bos ,&nbsp;Richard van Wijk ,&nbsp;Nathan L Tintle ,&nbsp;Jason Westra ,&nbsp;Felix Kerlikowsky ,&nbsp;Andreas Hahn ,&nbsp;William S. Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>n3-PUFA impact health in several ways, including cardiovascular protection and anti-inflammatory effects, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this exploratory study involving 31 healthy subjects, we aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of fish-oil supplementation (1500 mg EPA+DHA/day) on the physical properties of multiple blood cell types. We used deformability cytometry (DC) for all cell types and Laser-assisted Optical Rotational Red Cell Analysis (Lorrca) to assess red blood cell (RBC) deformability. We also investigated the correlation between changes in the physical properties of blood cells and changes in the Omega-3 Index (O3I), defined as the relative content of EPA+DHA in RBCs. Following supplementation, the mean±SD O3I increased from 5.3 %±1.5 % to 8.3 %±1.4 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). No significant changes in RBC properties were found by both techniques. However, by DC we observed a consistent pattern of physical changes in lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes. Among these were significant increases in metrics correlated with the cells’ deformability resulting in less stiff cells. The results suggest that leukocytes become softer and have an increased ability to deform under induced short-term physical stress such as hydrodynamic force in the circulation. These changes could impact immune function since softer leukocytes can potentially circulate more easily and could facilitate a more rapid response to systemic inflammation or infection. In conclusion, fish-oil supplementation modulates some physical properties of leukocyte-subfractions, potentially enhancing their biological function. Further studies are warranted to explore the impact of n3-PUFA on blood cell biology, particularly in disease states associated with leukocyte dysregulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 102636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327824000309/pdfft?md5=9a213a7932b43f9f753997531eab28d8&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327824000309-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and FADS1/2 and ELOVL2/5 in term rabbit placentas","authors":"M. Kyogashima ,&nbsp;K. Kamijima ,&nbsp;N. Takai ,&nbsp;T. Nakajima ,&nbsp;T. Mikuma ,&nbsp;H. Komamura ,&nbsp;K. Asai ,&nbsp;M. Ishihara ,&nbsp;E. Sugiyama ,&nbsp;N. Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are essential for both fetal and placental development. We characterized the FA composition and gene expression levels of FA-metabolizing enzymes in rabbit placentas. Total FA compositions from term rabbit placentas (<em>n</em> = 7), livers, and plasma (both <em>n</em> = 4) were examined: among LCPUFAs with more than three double bonds, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) was the most abundant (11.4 ± 0.69 %, mean ± SE), while arachidonic acid was the second-most rich component (6.90 ± 0.56 %). DGLA was barely detectable (&lt;1 %) in livers and plasma from term rabbits, which was significantly lower than in placentas (both <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Compared with the liver, transcript levels of the LCPUFA-metabolizing enzymes <em>FADS2</em> and <em>ELOVL5</em> were 7- and 4.5-fold higher in placentas (both <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), but levels of <em>FADS1</em> and <em>ELOVL2</em> were significantly lower (both <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Our results suggest a placenta-specific enzyme expression pattern and LCPUFA profile in term rabbits, which may support a healthy pregnancy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 102629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolvin D1 suppresses macrophage senescence and splenic fibrosis in aged mice","authors":"Anouk G. Groenen ,&nbsp;Masharh Lipscomb ,&nbsp;Ramon Bossardi Ramos ,&nbsp;Sudeshna Sadhu ,&nbsp;Venetia Bazioti ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Fredman ,&nbsp;Marit Westerterp","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aging is associated with systemic, non-resolving inflammation and the accumulation of senescent cells. The resolution of inflammation (or inflammation-resolution) is in part mediated by the balance between specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LTs). Aged mice (<em>i.e.</em> 2 years of age) exhibit a significant decrease in the SPM:LT ratio in specific organs including the spleen, which suggests that this organ may exhibit heightened inflammation and may be particularly amenable to SPM therapy. Previous studies have shown that resolvin D1 (RvD1) is decreased in spleens of aged mice compared with young controls. Therefore, we asked whether treatment of RvD1 in aged mice would impact markers of cellular senescence in splenic macrophages, and downstream effects on splenic fibrosis, a hallmark of splenic aging. We found that in aged mice, both zymosan-elicited and splenic macrophages showed an increase in mRNA expression of inflammatory and eicosanoid biosynthesis genes and a dysregulation of genes involved in the cell cycle. Injections with RvD1 reversed these changes. Importantly, RvD1 also decreased splenic fibrosis, a hallmark of splenic aging. Our findings suggest that RvD1 treatment may limit several features of aging, including senescence and fibrosis in spleens from aged mice.</p><p>Summary</p><p>Aging is associated with systemic, low grade, non-resolving inflammation. The resolution of inflammation is in part mediated by the balance between specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, like leukotrienes (LTs). A hallmark of aging is the accumulation of senescent cells that promote low grade inflammation by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators. Splenic macrophages contribute to systemic aging, and spleens of aged mice demonstrate decreased levels of the SPM called resolvin D1 (RvD1). Whether addition of RvD1 is protective in spleens of aged mice is unknown and is focus of this study. RvD1 treatment to aged mice led to decreased mRNA expression of markers of cellular senescence and inflammation in splenic macrophages compared with age-matched vehicle controls. Moreover, RvD1 decreased splenic fibrosis, which occurs due to persistent low-grade inflammation in aging. Promoting inflammation resolution with RvD1 thus limits macrophage senescence, pro-inflammatory signals and established splenic fibrosis in aging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 102634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327824000280/pdfft?md5=ca1753c7b731d8b4498be533e5a9a91e&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327824000280-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regular moderate physical activity potentially accelerates and strengthens both the pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediator response after acute exercise stress","authors":"Linda Malan ,&nbsp;Lizelle Zandberg ,&nbsp;Cindy Pienaar ,&nbsp;Arista Nienaber ,&nbsp;Lize Havemann-Nel","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The PUFA-derived lipid mediator response shifts from pro-inflammatory to inflammation resolution over time and may be modified by regular moderate exercise. This pre-post-test study aimed to compare the expression of PTGES2 (COX2) and ALOX15 in leucocytes and the plasma 5- and 15-HETE, 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA responses after unaccustomed resistance exercise between 18–35-year-old male recreational runners (n = 18) and less-active controls (n = 15). One repetition maximum (1RM) was determined for squats, 45° leg presses and leg extensions. Subsequently three sets of 8–10 repetitions were performed at 80 % 1RM and blood collected over 72 hours. <em>PTGES2</em> and <em>ALOX15</em> expression changed over time in runners (<em>P</em> = 0.016, <em>P</em> = 0.007) but not controls (<em>P = 0.631, P = 0.539</em>). 5- and 15-HETE changed over time in runners (<em>P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.022</em>), but not controls (<em>P = 0.457, P = 0.985</em>). 18-HEPE changed in runners and controls (<em>P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.024</em>), 17-HDHA changed borderline in runners (<em>P = 0.076</em>). In conclusion, pro-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving lipid mediators may respond sooner and more robust in recreational runners than less-active controls after strenuous resistance exercise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 102642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095232782400036X/pdfft?md5=3cc9915dc54b4b1126fc97e1cdb713a2&pid=1-s2.0-S095232782400036X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}