Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids最新文献

{"title":"The prohibitin complex regulates macrophage fatty acid composition, plasma membrane packing, and lipid raft-mediated inflammatory signaling","authors":"Christine E. Psaltis Matthews ,&nbsp;Lynn A. Fussner ,&nbsp;Michael Yaeger ,&nbsp;Jim J. Aloor ,&nbsp;Sky W. Reece ,&nbsp;Brita J. Kilburg-Basnyat ,&nbsp;Sanjay Varikuti ,&nbsp;Bin Luo ,&nbsp;Morgan Inks ,&nbsp;Selin Sergin ,&nbsp;Cameron A. Schmidt ,&nbsp;P. Darrell Neufer ,&nbsp;Edward Ross Pennington ,&nbsp;Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman ,&nbsp;Saiful M. Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Michael B. Fessler ,&nbsp;Jenifer I. Fenton ,&nbsp;Ethan J. Anderson ,&nbsp;Saame Raza Shaikh ,&nbsp;Kymberly M. Gowdy","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prohibitins (PHB1 and PHB2) are ubiquitously expressed proteins which play critical roles in multiple biological processes, and together form the ring-like PHB complex found in phospholipid-rich cellular compartments including lipid rafts. Recent studies have implicated PHB1 as a mediator of fatty acid transport as well as a membrane scaffold mediating B lymphocyte and mast cell signal transduction. However, the specific role of PHBs in the macrophage have not been characterized, including their role in fatty acid uptake and lipid raft-mediated inflammatory signaling. We hypothesized that the PHB complex regulates macrophage inflammatory signaling through the formation of lipid rafts. To evaluate our hypothesis, RAW 264.7 macrophages were transduced with shRNA against PHB1, PHB2, or scrambled control (Scr), and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which activate lipid raft-dependent receptor signaling (CD14/TLR4 and TNFR1, respectively). PHB1 knockdown was lethal, whereas PHB2 knockdown (PHB2kd), which also resulted in decreased PHB1 expression, led to attenuated nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and subsequent cytokine and chemokine production. PHB2kd macrophages also had decreased cell surface TNFR1, CD14, TLR4, and lipid raft marker ganglioside GM1 at baseline and post-stimuli. Post-LPS, PHB2kd macrophages did not increase the concentration of cellular saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This was accompanied by decreased lipid raft formation and modified plasma membrane molecular packing, further supporting the PHB complex's importance in lipid raft formation. Taken together, these data suggest a critical role for PHBs in regulating macrophage inflammatory signaling via maintenance of fatty acid composition and lipid raft structure.</p></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><p>Prohibitins are proteins found in phospholipid-rich cellular compartments, including lipid rafts, that play important roles in signaling, transcription, and multiple other cell functions. Macrophages are key cells in the innate immune response and the presence of membrane lipid rafts is integral to signal transduction, but the role of prohibitins in macrophage lipid rafts and associated signaling is unknown. To address this question, prohibitin knockdown macrophages were generated and responses to lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which act through lipid raft-dependent receptors, were analyzed. Prohibitin knockdown macrophages had significantly decreased cytokine and chemokine production, transcription factor activation, receptor expression, lipid raft assembly and membrane packing, and altered fatty acid remodeling. These data indicate a novel role for prohibitins in macrophage inflammatory signaling through regulation of fatty acid composition and lipid raft formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 102540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9992117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9636371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between maternal obesity, essential fatty acids and biomarkers of fetal liver function","authors":"Macarena Ortiz ,&nbsp;Francisca Sánchez ,&nbsp;Daniela Álvarez ,&nbsp;Cristian Flores ,&nbsp;Francisca Salas-Pérez ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Valenzuela ,&nbsp;Claudette Cantin ,&nbsp;Andrea Leiva ,&nbsp;Nicolás Crisosto ,&nbsp;Manuel Maliqueo","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maternal obesity and the imbalance in linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6, LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ALA) levels are related with hepatic disturbances in the offspring. However, whether these alterations are present during fetal life is not well understood. Obese and normal weight pregnant women were recruited to determine fatty acids (FAs) consumption, FAs profile (in maternal erythrocytes, placenta and neonatal very low-density lipoproteins VLDL) and biomarkers of fetal liver function, such as gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin, in umbilical cord blood. Stearic acid (C18:0, ST) was lower, and total n-3 FAs tended to be lower in umbilical cord VLDLs of obese women compared to controls. Independently of maternal obesity, GGT levels in umbilical cord blood was positively correlated with the LA content and negatively correlated with the ALA content in maternal erythrocytes. We conclude that maternal obesity and its imbalance of LA and ALA are associated with changes in biomarkers of fetal liver function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 102541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9636383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal evolution of fatty acid content in human milk of lactating mothers from the Philippines","authors":"Surabhi Devaraj ,&nbsp;Francesca Giuffrida ,&nbsp;Mickaël Hartweg ,&nbsp;Elvira M. Estorninos ,&nbsp;Katherine. B. Buluran ,&nbsp;Rachel. B. Lawenko ,&nbsp;Sagar K. Thakkar ,&nbsp;Tinu Mary Samuel","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fatty acids (FA) play a key role in infant growth and development. The aim of this study was to study the temporal evolution of FA from 3 or 4 weeks to 4 months postpartum in human milk (HM) from Filipino mothers. Mid-morning HM samples (<em>n</em> = 41) were collected after full expression from a single breast and FA were assessed using gas-liquid chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector. The total FA content remained relatively constant over the study period. The most abundant FA in HM were oleic acid (OA), palmitic acid (PA) and linoleic acid (LA), a trend similarly reported in HM from European and Chinese mothers. The former two were unchanged over the course of lactation while there was a slight increase in LA content over time. Similarly, the saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA) contents did not vary over the first four months of lactation. The SFA content was much higher than that reported in HM from Europe and China, mainly driven by PA, lauric and myristic acids. The MUFA content on the other hand, while comparable to that reported in HM from Chinese populations was lower than that reported in Europe. There was a small increase in the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content over the study duration. The levels of essential FA, linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) were found to be much lower than that reported in other populations. The concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) remained stable over the study duration. AA and DHA in HM from Filipino mothers were comparable to global averages, however in case of the latter the concentration was found to be lower than in previous reports. DHA is of great clinical significance as it plays a key role in infant growth and development. In our study, we observed a wide inter- and intra-individual variability in the levels of DHA in HM, presumably reflecting diverse intakes of DHA rich foods and bioconversion in vivo. Personalized recommendations may help achieve recommended levels of DHA amongst population with levels below global averages. This may help achieve HM sufficiency and therefore be linked to clinical benefits for the mother and the baby.</p></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><p>This study details the temporal evolution of human milk (HM) fatty acids (FA) in Filipino mothers up to four months postpartum. The total FA content remained relatively constant over the study period. The most abundant FA were oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids. HM from Filipino mothers had relatively higher saturated FA content driven by palmitic, lauric and myristic acids, while the levels of essential FA, linoleic and α-linoleic acids were lower compared to other populations. Similarly, the concentration of monounsaturated FA were also lower than that reported in HM from European mothers. Arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations were comparable to global averages however the HM DHA levels were seen","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 102543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9267818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over-the-counter fish oil supplementation and pro-resolving and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Nathalie E. Marchand ,&nbsp;May Y. Choi ,&nbsp;Emily G. Oakes ,&nbsp;Nancy R. Cook ,&nbsp;Emma Stevens ,&nbsp;Natalya Gomelskaya ,&nbsp;Gregory Kotler ,&nbsp;JoAnn E. Manson ,&nbsp;Jessica Lasky-Su ,&nbsp;Samia Mora ,&nbsp;I-Min Lee ,&nbsp;Raju Tatituri ,&nbsp;Karen H. Costenbader","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Little is known about the effects of over-the-counter fish oil (FO) supplements on circulating omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA)-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), nor about whether having a chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) influences SPM levels. We investigated associations between over-the-counter n-3 PUFA FO supplementation and circulating SPMs among patients with vs. without RA.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We studied 104 participants: 26 with RA taking FO matched by age and sex to 26 with RA not taking FO, 26 without RA taking FO, and 26 without RA not taking FO. Targeted-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy was performed on patient plasma to identify and quantify 27 lipid mediators (including eicosanoids and SPMs). We performed t-tests and then multivariable linear regression analyses to assess whether having RA or taking FO supplements was associated with circulating lipid mediator concentrations, adjusting for age, race, sex, smoking, body mass index, and current medication use (statins, prednisone and immunomodulators among RA cases only). We tested for interactions between FO supplementation and RA status. We also conducted Spearman's correlations between EPA, DHA, and ARA and their downstream metabolites.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among patients who were taking FO compared to those who were not, in multivariable- adjusted analyses, SPM substrates EPA and DHA were both elevated as were several of their pro-resolving bioactive products, including 15- and 18-HEPE from EPA, and 14- and 17-HDHA from DHA, which are substrates for specific SPMs. While E-series and D-series resolvins were present and identified, we did not find statistical elevations of other SPMs. Results were similar among patients with RA and patients without RA, taking vs. not taking FO supplementation (no formal statistical interaction observed). There was a strong positive correlation between EPA and DHA and their immediate downstream SPM precursors (18-HEPE and15-HEPE from EPA; 17-HDHA and 14-HDHA from DHA) among all patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Patients taking FO supplements, regardless of RA status, not only had higher blood levels of EPA and DHA, but also of their enzymatic products 18-HEPE (E-series resolvin precursors), 15-HEPE and 17-HDHA (D-series resolvin and protectin precursors). Patients with RA, an inflammatory autoimmune disease, may be able to augment some SPM precursor reserves, similarly to matched controls without RA, by taking oral FO supplements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 102542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10027850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9774494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxylipin status, before and after LC n-3 PUFA supplementation, has little relationship with skeletal muscle biology in older adults at risk of sarcopenia","authors":"E. de Marco Castro ,&nbsp;N. Kampschulte ,&nbsp;C.H. Murphy ,&nbsp;N.H. Schebb ,&nbsp;H.M. Roche","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Oxylipins form endogenously via the oxygenation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA). Several oxylipins are highly bioactive molecules and are believed to be key mediators of LC PUFA metabolism in the body. However, little is known in relation to whether oxylipins mediate alterations in skeletal muscle mass and function. The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between the oxylipin profile and skeletal muscle biology in healthy older adults at risk of sarcopenia and determine if this changes in response to LC <em>n</em>-3 PUFA supplementation.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This exploratory study investigated the baseline correlations between LC <em>n</em>-3, <em>n</em>-6 and <em>n</em>-9 PUFA-derived oxylipins and markers of muscle biology. For this, the concentration of 79 free (i.e., non-esterified) oxylipins was quantified in human plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and retrospectively correlated to phenotypic outcomes obtained pre-intervention from the NUTRIMAL study (<em>n</em> = 49). After examining the baseline relationship, the potential effect of supplementation (LC <em>n-</em>3 PUFA or an isoenergetic control made of high-oleic sunflower and corn oil) was evaluated by correlating the change in oxylipins concentration and the change in markers of skeletal muscle biology. The relationship between oxylipins pre- and post-intervention and their parent PUFA were also examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At baseline, the hydroxy product of mead acid (<em>n-</em>9 PUFA), 5-HETrE, was negatively correlated to the phenotypic parameters appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) (<em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.003, <em>r</em>=-0.41), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) (<em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.001, <em>r</em>=-0.46), handgrip strength (HGS) (<em>p&lt;</em>0.001, <em>r</em> = 0.48) and isometric knee extension (<em>p&lt;</em>0.001, <em>r</em>=-0.48). Likewise, LC <em>n-</em>6 PUFA hydroxy‑PUFA were negatively correlated to HGS (i.e., 12-HETrE, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.002, <em>r</em>=-0.42, and 5- and 11-HETE, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.006, <em>r</em>=-0.47 and <em>p&lt;</em>0.001, <em>r</em>=-0.50 respectively), single leg stand time (i.e., 12-HETrE, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.006, <em>r</em>=-0.39 and 16-HETE, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.002, <em>r</em>=-0.43), and five-time-sit-to-stand test (FTST) performance (16-HETE, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.006, <em>r</em> = 0.39), and positively correlated to gait speed (i.e., 12-HETrE, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.007, <em>r</em> = 0.38 and 16-HETE, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.006, <em>r</em> = 0.39). LC <em>n-</em>3 PUFA supplementation increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived oxylipins and reduced <em>n-</em>6 PUFA derived oxylipins. Parameters of skeletal muscle mass and strength were not significantly altered in either LC <em>n</em>-3 PUFA or placebo groups. Changes in plasma oxylipin","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 102531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10842151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placental F4-Neuroprostanes and F2-Isoprostanes are altered in gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal obesity","authors":"Carolina S. Ferreira ,&nbsp;Gabriela D.A. Pinto ,&nbsp;Desirée L. Reis ,&nbsp;Claire Vigor ,&nbsp;Vanessa A. Goes ,&nbsp;Deborah de A.B. Guimarães ,&nbsp;Daniela B. Mucci ,&nbsp;Livia Belcastro ,&nbsp;Marcelle A. Saraiva ,&nbsp;Camille Oger ,&nbsp;Jean-Marie Galano ,&nbsp;Fátima L.C. Sardinha ,&nbsp;Alexandre G. Torres ,&nbsp;Thierry Durand ,&nbsp;Graham J. Burton ,&nbsp;Tatiana El-Bacha","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) associated with maternal obesity modifies the placental profile of F₄-Neuroprostanes and F₂-Isoprostanes, metabolites of non-enzymatic oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), respectively. Twenty-five placental samples were divided into lean (<em>n</em>=11), obesity (<em>n</em>=7) and overweight/obesity+GDM (<em>n</em>=7) groups. F₄-Neuroprostanes and F₂-Isoprostanes were higher in obesity compared to lean controls, but reduced to levels similar to lean women when obesity is further complicated with GDM. Lower content of F₂-Isoprostanes suggests adaptive placental responses in GDM attenuating oxidative stress. However, low levels of placental F₄-Neuroprostanes may indicate impaired DHA metabolism in GDM, affecting fetal development and offspring health. These results were not related to differences in placental content of DHA, AA and polyunsaturated fatty acids status nor to maternal diet or gestational weight gain. Placental DHA and AA metabolism differs in obesity and GDM, highlighting the importance of investigating the signalling roles of F₄-Neuroprostanes and F₂-Isoprostanes in the human term placenta.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 102529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49798598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between 19 dietary fatty acids intake and rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a nationwide survey","authors":"Ruijie Xie ,&nbsp;Ya Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The relationship between dietary fatty acid intakes and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear and the available studies have focused on only a few fatty acids. This study investigated the association between the intake of 19 dietary fatty acids and RA in U.S. adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 2010-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariate linear regression model, multivariate logic regression models, smoothing curve fitting, and two-segment linear regression model were used to explore the relationships between 19 dietary fatty acids intakes with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and RA risk.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 16,530 participants were included (1053 participants with RA). Intake of hexadecanoic acid<span> and octadecanoic acid were significantly associated with higher Hs-CRP levels, intake of hexadecenoic acid was significantly associated with higher RA risk, and intake of docosahexaenoic acid was significantly associated with lower RA risk. In addition, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) intake and RA risk, with the inflection point reached at 15.77% .</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Among the 19 dietary fatty acids, only 4 subclasses were significantly associated with Hs-CRP or RA risk. The inverted U-shaped relationship between MUFAs and RA risk may provide insights to find potential prevention strategies for RA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 102530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10789238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and behavioral effects of decreasing dietary linoleic acid and increasing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in a rat chronic monoarthrits model","authors":"Anthony F. Domenichiello ,&nbsp;Breanne C. Wilhite ,&nbsp;Pranavi Nara ,&nbsp;Mark H. Pitcher ,&nbsp;Gregory S. Keyes ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Mannes ,&nbsp;M. Catherine Bushnell ,&nbsp;Christopher E. Ramsden","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clinical studies have demonstrated that decreasing linoleic acid (LA) while increasing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in diets evokes an analgesic effect in headache sufferers. We utilized a rat chronic monoarthritis model to determine if these analgesic effects can be reproduced in rats and to and further probe potential analgesic mechanisms. We fed 8 rats a control diet (with fatty acid levels similar to standard US diets) and 8 rats a low LA diet with added EPA and DHA (H3L6 diet) and after 10 weeks, performed a unilateral intraarticular injection of Complete's Freund Adjuvant (CFA). We evaluated thermal and mechanical sensitivity as well as hind paw weight bearing prior to and at 4 and 20 days post CFA injection. At 28 days post CFA injection rats were euthanized and tissue collected. H3L6 diet fed rats had higher concentrations of EPA and DHA, as well as higher concentrations of oxidized lipids derived from these fatty acids, in hind paw and plasma, compared to control fed rats. LA and oxidized LA metabolites were lower in the plasma and hind paw of H3L6 compared to control fed rats. Diet did not affect thermal or mechanical sensitivity, nor did it affect hind paw weight bearing. In conclusion, the H3L6 diet evoked biochemical changes in rats but did not impact pain related behavioral measures in this chronic monoarthritis model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 102512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10441096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialized pro-resolvin mediators induce cell growth and improve wound repair in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell cultures","authors":"C.E. Storniolo ,&nbsp;M. Pequera ,&nbsp;A. Vilariño ,&nbsp;J.J. Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Specialized pro-resolvin mediators (SPMs) are a superfamily of bioactive molecules synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) that include resolvins, protectins and maresins. These metabolites are important to control the resolution phase of inflammation and the epithelial repair, which is essential in restoring the mucosal barriers. Unfortunately, the effects of SPMs on intestinal epithelial cell growth remain poorly understood. Caco-2 cell were used as intestinal epithelial cell model. Cell growth/DNA synthesis, cell signalling pathways, western blot and wound repair assay were performed. Our data demonstrated that SPMs such as lipoxin LxA₄, resolvin (Rv) E1, RvD1, protectin D 1 and maresin 1 were able to enhance intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell growth and DNA synthesis. Furthermore, our results provide evidence that these effects of RvE1 and RvD1 were associated with a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor, and that leukotriene B₄ receptor 2 could be involved, at least in part, in these effects of RvE1/RvD1. Moreover, these mitogenic effects induced by SPMs were dependent on the ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways as well as phospholipase C and protein kinase C activation. Thus, these mitogenic effects of RvE1/RvD1 on intestinal epithelial cells could be involved in this signalling circuit involved in wounded epithelium and the catabasis process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 102520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327822001314/pdfft?md5=391f06fa627b46ae9847abd3207b505d&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327822001314-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10499717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimatoprost promotes satiety and attenuates body weight gain in rats fed standard or obesity-promoting diets.","authors":"Clayton Spada ,&nbsp;Chau Vu ,&nbsp;Iona Raymond ,&nbsp;Warren Tong ,&nbsp;Chia-Lin Chuang ,&nbsp;Christopher Walker ,&nbsp;Kerry Loomes ,&nbsp;David F. Woodward ,&nbsp;Neil J. Poloso","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bimatoprost is a synthetic prostamide F_2α analog that down-regulates adipogenesis in vitro. This effect has been attributed to participation in a negative feedback loop that regulates anandamide-induced adipogenesis. A follow-on investigation has now been conducted into the broader metabolic effects of bimatoprost using rats under both normal state and obesity-inducing conditions. Chronic bimatoprost administration attenuated weight gain in a dose dependent-manner in rats fed either standard [max effect −7%] or obesity-promoting diets [max effect −23%] over a 9–10 week period. Consistent with these findings, bimatoprost promoted satiety as measured by decreased food intake [max effect, −7%], gastric emptying [max effect, −33–50%] and decreased circulating concentrations of the gut hormones, ghrelin and GLP-1 [max effect, −33–50%]. Additionally, subcutaneous, and visceral fat mass were distinctly affected by treatment [−30% diet independent]. Taken together, these results suggest that bimatoprost regulates energy homeostasis through promoting satiety and a decrease in food intake. These newly reported activities of bimatoprost reveal an additional method of metabolic disease intervention for potential therapeutic exploitation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 102511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327822001211/pdfft?md5=d0abb812458fb17f5a4a0935bf8b6a3e&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327822001211-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10499701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}