Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids最新文献

{"title":"Increases in plasma n-3 tetracosapentaenoic acid and tetracosahexaenoic acid following 12 weeks of EPA, but not DHA, supplementation in women and men","authors":"Ruxandra D. Rotarescu ,&nbsp;Kimia Rezaei ,&nbsp;David M. Mutch ,&nbsp;Adam H. Metherel","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dietary feeding and stable isotope studies in rodents support that the 24-carbon omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, tetracosapentaenoic acid (24:5n-3, TPAn-3) and tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3, THA), are immediate precursors to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). In this study, we assessed for the first time, changes in TPAn-3 or THA levels following omega-3 PUFA supplementation in humans, providing insight into human omega-3 PUFA metabolism. In this secondary analysis of a double-blind randomized control trial, women and men (19 – 30 years, <em>n</em> = 10 – 14 per sex, per diet) were supplemented with 3 g/day EPA, DHA, or olive oil control for 12 weeks. Plasma TPAn-3 and THA concentrations were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine changes following supplementation in a sex-specific manner (sex <em>x</em> time). EPA supplementation significantly increased (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) plasma TPAn-3 by 215% (1.3 ± 0.1 – 4.1 ± 0.7, nmol/mL ± SEM) and THA by 112% (1.7 ± 0.2 – 3.6 ± 0.5, nmol/mL ± SEM). Furthermore, women had 111% and 99% higher plasma TPAn-3 and THA in the EPA supplemented group compared to men (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). There were no significant effects of time on plasma TPAn-3 or THA concentrations in the DHA supplemented or olive oil supplemented groups. In conclusion, EPA, but not DHA, supplementation in humans increased plasma TPAn-3 and THA levels, suggesting that THA accumulates prior to conversion to DHA in the n-3 PUFA synthesis pathway. Furthermore, women generally exhibit higher plasma TPAn-3 and THA concentrations compared with men, suggesting that women have a greater ability to accumulate 24-carbon n-3 PUFA in plasma via EPA and DPAn-3 elongation, which may explain the known higher DHA levels in women.</p><p>Summary: In this secondary analysis of a double-blind randomized control trial, we assessed changes in omega-3 (n-3) tetracosapentaenoic acid (24:5n-3, TPAn-3) and tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3, THA) plasma levels in women and men (19 – 30 years, <em>n</em> = 10 – 14 per sex, per diet) following 12-weeks of n-3 PUFA supplementation (3 g/day EPA, DHA or olive oil). Women had higher plasma TPAn-3 in all supplementation groups and higher THA levels in the EPA and olive oil groups (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) compared to men. EPA supplementation increased (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) plasma TPAn-3 by 215% (1.3 ± 0.1 – 4.1 ± 0.7, nmol/mL ± SEM) and THA by 112% (1.7 ± 0.2 – 3.6 ± 0.5, nmol/mL ± SEM), but DHA supplementation had no effect. For the first time in humans, we show that plasma TPAn-3 and THA levels are higher in women and increased with EPA, but not DHA supplementation, suggesting an accumulation of THA prior to conversion to DHA in the n-3 PUFA synthesis pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 102494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10440519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women is associated with lower erythrocyte PUFA/MUFA and n-3/n-6 ratio: A case-control study’[Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2020 Aug;159:102155.]","authors":"Agata Muzsik ,&nbsp;Henryk H Jeleń ,&nbsp;Agata Chmurzynska","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102436","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 102436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327822000485/pdfft?md5=9f8dbf6a623dbbc5f0300be014c865aa&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327822000485-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89468849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of placental fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) methylation with maternal fatty acid levels in women with preeclampsia","authors":"Kinjal Dave ,&nbsp;Lovejeet Kaur ,&nbsp;Deepali Sundrani ,&nbsp;Preeti Sharma ,&nbsp;Swati Bayyana ,&nbsp;Savita Mehendale ,&nbsp;Karuna Randhir ,&nbsp;Giriraj R Chandak ,&nbsp;Sadhana Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids requires sequential activities of desaturases and elongases for conversion of fatty acid precursors to products. The delta-6 desaturase enzyme, encoded by <em>FADS2</em> gene, is a rate limiting enzyme in this pathway. Alterations in D6D enzyme activity can lead to altered fatty acid profiles.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To examine differences in placental DNA methylation (DNAm) and expression of <em>FADS2</em> gene in preeclampsia women compared to normal women and their association with maternal variables (plasma fatty acids, desaturase enzyme index, blood pressure), placental weight and birth outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>DNAm and expression of <em>FADS2</em> gene were examined in placentae of normotensive (<em>n</em> = 100) control and preeclampsia (<em>n</em> = 100) women using pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time PCR respectively. Women with preeclampsia included those delivering at term (<em>n</em> = 43, gestation ≥ 37 weeks; T-PE) or preterm (<em>n</em> = 57, gestation &lt; 37 weeks; PT-PE). A total of 26 CpGs in <em>FADS2</em> promoter and region around it, were analysed in two PCR reactions (region 1 and 2).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 13 CpGs in region 1, significant hypermethylation was noted at CpG3 in T-PE (<em>p</em> = 0.03) and of 13 CpGs in region 2, CpG2 (<em>p</em> = 0.008), CpG11 (<em>p</em> = 0.04), CpG12 (<em>p</em> = 0.001) were hypomethylated and CpG13 (<em>p</em> = 0.001) was hypermethylated in preeclampsia group, as compared to controls. <em>FADS2</em> expression was lower in PT-PE as compared to controls (<em>p</em> = 0.04). DNAm at various CpGs in the <em>FADS2</em> were associated with maternal plasma FADS2 enzyme index and also associated with maternal fatty acid levels. However, we did not observe any association of DNAm with maternal blood pressure, placental weight and birth outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study for the first time reports differential methylation of <em>FADS2</em> and its association with impaired maternal fatty acid metabolism in preeclampsia and provides a mechanistic basis to our earlier observations of altered maternal LCPUFA levels in women with preeclampsia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 102472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10441830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids, pressure pain thresholds, and nociplastic pain conditions","authors":"Anne E. Sanders ,&nbsp;E. Diane Weatherspoon ,&nbsp;Brandie M. Ehrmann ,&nbsp;Paul S. Soma ,&nbsp;Saame R. Shaikh ,&nbsp;John S. Preisser ,&nbsp;Richard Ohrbach ,&nbsp;Roger B. Fillingim ,&nbsp;Gary D. Slade","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in pain regulation. This study sought to determine whether free PUFAs found in red blood cells also play a role in nociceptive processing. We examined associations between circulating PUFAs and nociceptive thresholds to noxious mechanical stimuli. We also determined whether nociceptive thresholds were associated with nociplastic pain conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study used stored red bloods cells and data from 605 adult participants in the OPPERA-2 study of chronic overlapping pain conditions. In OPPERA-2 adults completed quantitative sensory testing in which pressure algometry measured deep muscular tissue sensitivity at six anatomical sites. Standardized protocols classified adults for presence or absence of five nociplastic pain conditions: temporomandibular disorder, headache, low back pain, irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy quantified erythrocyte PUFAs. We conducted three sets of analyses. First, a multivariable linear regression model assessed the association between n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and the number of overlapping nociplastic pain conditions. Second, a series of 36 multivariable linear regression models assessed covariate-adjusted associations between PUFAs and nociceptive thresholds at each of six anatomical sites. Third, a series of 30 multivariable linear regression models assessed covariate-adjusted associations between nociceptive thresholds at six anatomical sites and each of five pain conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In multiple linear regression, each unit increase in n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with more pain conditions (<em>β</em> = 0.30, 95% confidence limits: 0.07, 0.53, <em>p</em> = 0.012). Omega-6 linoleic acid and arachidonic acid were negatively associated with lower nociceptive thresholds at three and at five, respectively, anatomical sites. In contrast, omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio were not associated with nociceptive thresholds at any site. Pain cases had significantly lower nociceptive thresholds than non-case controls at all anatomical sites.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A higher n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with more pain conditions. Omega-6 PUFAs may promote a generalized upregulation of nociceptive processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 102476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9907477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of eicosanoids in nasal secretions associated with nasal polyp severity in chronic rhinosinusitis","authors":"Axel Nordström ,&nbsp;Mattias Jangard ,&nbsp;Marie Svedberg ,&nbsp;Michael Ryott ,&nbsp;Maria Kumlin","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Severe nasal polyposis and mucosal inflammation, in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may include a dysregulated eicosanoid profile, but a clinical role for eicosanoids in CRS with nasal polyps (NP; CRSwNP) remains to be elucidated. This study focused on assessing levels and clinical implications of inflammatory mediators in nasal secretions and urine from patients with different NP severity or Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD). Levels of leukotrienes E₄ and B₄, prostaglandins D₂ and E₂ as well as 15(<em>S</em>)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid were measured with enzyme immunoassays and cytokines with magnetic bead immunoassays. Patients with CRSwNP were subdivided based on NP score; CRSwNP-low (NP score ≤ 4, <em>n</em> = 11) or CRSwNP-high (NP score ≥ 5, <em>n</em> = 32) and compared to CRS without polyps (CRSsNP, <em>n</em> = 12), CRSwNP-AERD (<em>n</em> = 11) and individuals without CRS (<em>n</em> = 25). Smell test score, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), blood eosinophils and Sinonasal outcome test-22 were assessed as clinical markers. Leukotriene E₄, prostaglandin D₂ and 15(<em>S</em>)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in nasal secretions correlated with NP score. Nasal leukotriene E₄ also correlated with FeNO and smell test score, with highest levels found in CRSwNP-AERD. Levels of prostaglandin D₂ in nasal secretion as well as urinary levels of the prostaglandin D₂ metabolite 11β-prostaglandin F_2α differed between CRSNP-high and CRSwNP-low. Urinary 11β-prostaglandin F_2α was associated with asthma comorbidity whereas a similar association with prostaglandin D₂ in nasal secretions was not observed. In conclusion, subdividing patients based on NP severity in combination with analysis of eicosanoids in non-invasively collected nasal secretions, may have clinical implications when assessing CRS disease severity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 102474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327822000862/pdfft?md5=254b257f03d1d87fad46433e4c7cdbdc&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327822000862-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10431388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of α-linolenic acid enrichment in perinatal diets in preventing high fat diet-induced SCD1 increased activity and lipid disarray in adult offspring of low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLRKO) mice","authors":"A. Leikin-Frenkel ,&nbsp;H. Cohen ,&nbsp;R. Keshet ,&nbsp;R. Shnerb-GanOr ,&nbsp;M. Kandel-Kfir ,&nbsp;A. Harari ,&nbsp;K.S. Hollander ,&nbsp;A. Shaish ,&nbsp;D. Harats ,&nbsp;Y. Kamari","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study examined the effects of maternal perinatal dietary ALA enrichment on the high fat diet (HFD)-induced lipid disarray in the adult offspring of low density lipoprotein receptor knock-out (LDLRKO) mice.</p><p><span>Female LDLRKO mice received, during pregnancy and lactation, isocaloric diets with either corn oil, </span><strong>RD</strong>, or flax oil, <strong>ALA</strong><span>. The weaning offspring was given a regular chow diet for a washout period of eight weeks, which was followed by HFD for eight weeks. Plasma and liver lipids and SCD1 activity were then analyzed.</span></p><p>The HFD-fed RD adult offspring had substantially higher plasma cholesterol levels than the HFD-fed ALA offspring (15.7 versus 9.7 mmole/l, <em>p</em>&lt;0.00001) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (65.0 versus 23.9 mg/g lipids, <em>p</em>&lt;0.00001). Liver lipids oleic acid (OA) content and monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids (MUFA/SAT) ratio, were two times lower in RD compared to ALA (<em>p</em>&lt;0.0001). The threefold HFD-induced SCD1 raised activity (<em>p</em>&lt;0.00001), and OA produced from SA, observed in RD adult offspring were prevented by perinatal ALA.</p><p>In conclusion, the resilience of SCD1 to HFD- induced increased activity may account for the beneficial effects of perinatal ALA dietary enrichment in preventing NAFLD and hypercholesterolemia from occurring in adult LDLRKO offspring mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 102475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10499152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling of lipid mediators in atherosclerotic carotid plaques from type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients.","authors":"Louise Ménégaut ,&nbsp;Aline Laubriet ,&nbsp;Valentin Crespy ,&nbsp;Maxime Nguyen ,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Petit ,&nbsp;Georges Tarris ,&nbsp;Thomas Pilot ,&nbsp;Alexis Varin ,&nbsp;Hélène Choubley ,&nbsp;Victoria Bergas ,&nbsp;Jean-Paul Pais de Barros ,&nbsp;Charles Thomas ,&nbsp;Eric Steinmetz ,&nbsp;David Masson","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Diabetes is associated with an accelerated development of atherosclerosis. Specific mechanisms related to diabetes and hyperglycemia may play a role in this process. In particular, alterations of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism have been reported. Our main goal was to investigate for differences in the concentration of LTB4 and RvD1 as well as selected cyclooxygenase-derived mediators in carotid plaques from diabetic and non-diabetic patients. We also aimed to analyze the relationship between omega 6 and omega 3 Poly-Unsaturated Fatty acids (PUFAs) content in the plaques and the concentrations of these lipid mediators.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>29 type 2 diabetic patients and 30 control patients admitted for surgical treatment of carotid stenosis were enrolled in the present study. Carotid plaques were harvested for in-depth lipidomic profiling.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No differences for LTB4 or other lipid mediators were observed between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. RvD1 levels were below the threshold of quantification in most of the samples. A significant correlation was found between LTB4 and 5(<em>S</em>)-HETE levels. Omega 3 enrichment was not significantly different between control and diabetic plaques. There was a negative correlation between DHA/AA ratio and the level of 5(<em>S</em>)-HETE while there was a positive association with TXB2 and PGD2 concentrations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion-perspectives</h3><p>Our results does not support the hypothesis of a specific involvement of LTB4 or COX-derived mediators in diabetic atherosclerosis. The relationship between DHA enrichment and the concentrations of specific inflammatory mediators within the plaque is of interest and will need to be confirmed in larger studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 102477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10446407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel database to review and assess the clinical effects of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids","authors":"Aldo A Bernasconi ,&nbsp;Allison M Wilkin ,&nbsp;Kaitlin Roke ,&nbsp;Adam Ismail","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to their multiple mechanisms of biological action, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been the focus of ongoing active research for decades. In spite of the resulting body of knowledge, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of EPA/DHA health effects. Further, the volume of existing research makes it challenging to conduct systematic investigations to identify or resolve those gaps.</p><p>The purpose of this article is to introduce the GOED Clinical Study Database (CSD), a comprehensive, manually-curated relational database that catalogs this research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 102458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327822000709/pdfft?md5=2e55ea87f4ab7ca374d087bce8b2f48d&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327822000709-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10446393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty acid metabolism is involved in both retinal physiology and the pathology of retinal vascular diseases","authors":"Araya Umetsu ,&nbsp;Masato Furuhashi ,&nbsp;Megumi Watanabe ,&nbsp;Ei Ohkawa ,&nbsp;Yuri Tsugeno ,&nbsp;Soma Suzuki ,&nbsp;Kaku Itoh ,&nbsp;Yosuke Ida ,&nbsp;Fumihito Hikage ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Ohguro","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To study the pathophysiological roles of the fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) within the retina, we performed; (1) immunolabeling of human retinas, wild type (WT) rat and mouse retinas, rat models for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with anti-FABP3, FABP4, FABP5, FABP7, FABP8 and FABP12, (2) electroretinogram (ERG) measurements of WT and FABP4-deficient (<em>Fabp4</em>^-/-) mice, (3) ELISA or gas chromatography measurements of plasma (P-) and vitreous (V-) levels of FABP4 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and fatty acids (FAs) from patients with retinal vascular disease (RVD) including proliferative DR (PDR, <em>n</em> = 30) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO, <em>n</em> = 18) and non-RVD (<em>n</em> = 18). Within the human retina, diverse expressions of FABP3, FABP4, FABP7 and FABP8 were identified. In contrast, positive immunoreactivities toward only FABP4 and FABP12 were detected in the cases of rat and mouse retinas, and interestingly, the FABP4 labeling patterns for the WT, DR and RP rat retinas were different. The ERG amplitudes of <em>Fabp4</em>^-/- mice were enhanced compared with those of WT mice. The concentrations of V-FABP4, V-VEGFA and total FAs were significantly higher in RVD patients than in non-PDR patients (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The V-FAs levels of each were significantly and positively correlated with V-FABP4 and V-VEGFA, although no significant correlation between vitreous (V-) and plasma (P-) FABP4, VEGFA and FAs were detected. The current study reveals that V-FAs appear to have significant roles in both retinal physiology as well as the pathogenesis of RVD with FABP4, which is commonly expressed within the retina in most species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 102473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327822000850/pdfft?md5=2f201f56344347c5125b2a835db34f64&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327822000850-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10439981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of omega-3 fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yanan Xiao ,&nbsp;Qifang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xueling Liao ,&nbsp;Ulf Elbelt ,&nbsp;Karsten H. Weylandt","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>: The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular risk modification in type 2 diabetes and related complications remain unclear. We aim to assess the published effects of n-3 PUFA interventions on lipid risk factors in type 2 diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>: We searched the literature on Pubmed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases in order to perform a pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing n-3 PUFA interventions in type 2 diabetes. The primary outcomes analyzed were the effect of n -3 PUFAs on metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>: 46 RCTs involving 4991 patients with type 2 diabetes were identified for further analysis. Analysis of results showed that n-3 PUFAs interventions significantly improved total cholesterol (TC, WMD = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.32∼ -0.11), triglyceride (TG,WMD = -0.36; 95% CI: -0.48∼-0.25), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C,WMD = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02∼ 0.08), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, WMD = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.31∼-0.06) and C-reactive protein (CRP,WMD = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.74∼-0.07) levels compared to controls (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). There was no significant effect on renal function, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), adiponectin and leptin (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>: The results of this systematic review suggest that n-3 PUFAs can improve cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 102456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10498666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}