Polish journal of radiology最新文献

{"title":"Response to \"On patient-level splitting, contrast-free claims and unsupported comparators in <i>Machine learning-based classification of multiple sclerosis lesion activity using multi-sequence MRI radiomics\"</i>.","authors":"Mohammadreza Elhaie, Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei","doi":"10.5114/pjr/219935","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/219935","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e246-e247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior horn lateral meniscus tears on MRI: imaging features, demographics, and surgical correlation.","authors":"Mobeen Farooq, Shlomit Goldberg-Stein, Stephen E Judge, Pamela J Walsh","doi":"10.5114/pjr/217366","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/217366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to provide a descriptive analysis of anterior horn of the lateral meniscus (AHLM) tears on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including demographics, tear morphology, additional meniscal findings, ligamentous injury, and surgical management.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Radiology database search identified AHLM tears. Inclusion criteria: Presence of AHLM tear and age 12-70 years old. Exclusion criteria: No tear, incorrect/incomplete MRI protocol, knee surgery, advanced cartilage loss, and non-AHLM predominant tear. Tear morphology, associated features, and ligamentous injury were recorded. Chart review included age, biologic gender, and surgical management. Statistical analyses evaluated differences across tear morphology groups with adjustment for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-five patients were included (28 females, 27 males; median age 54.0 years). Tear morphologies included horizontal (41.8%), complex/macerated (21.8%), radial (21.8%), and vertical (14.6%). Meniscal flap was present in 14.6% and intrameniscal/parameniscal cyst formation in 32.7%. Concurrent ligamentous injury was identified in 27.3%. Thirteen patients (23.6%) underwent operative management, of whom eight (14.6%) underwent AHLM surgery. Radial tears demonstrated the highest proportion of surgical management (58.3%) and ligamentous injury (41.7%). Significant differences were observed across tear morphology groups for age and gender distribution, with radial tears occurring more frequently in younger male patients and complex/macerated tears occurring more frequently in older patients (adjusted <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Radial tears were more frequently observed in younger male patients and were more often managed surgically. Complex/macerated tears were more frequently observed in older patients. Prospective studies with arthroscopic correlation are required to better define the clinical significance of AHLM tear subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e239-e245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal resistive index and shear wave elastography in assessment of kidney function after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a pilot prospective observational study.","authors":"Dorota Szcześ, Magdalena Maria Januszewicz, Longin Niemczyk, Agnieszka Tomaszewska, Piotr Kacprzyk, Ewa Karakulska-Prystupiuk, Jarosław Biliński, Grzegorz Władysław Basak, Jolanta Małyszko","doi":"10.5114/pjr/216209","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/216209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) is a treatment for several otherwise incurable conditions, which carries a risk of numerous complications. This study evaluated the associations of ultrasound modalities - renal resistive index (rRI) and renal shear wave elastography (rSWE) - with the risk of kidney dysfunction, sepsis, and graft versus host disease (GvHD).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We enrolled 33 patients scheduled for alloHCT who underwent renal ultrasonography including rRI and rSWE at three time points: before conditioning, at discharge, and 100 days after alloHCT. The results were analyzed for correlations with demographic and laboratory data. Baseline rRI and rSWE values were compared between patients and the control group, consisting of 30 patients without hematological diseases. Patterns of fluctuations of the measurements and influencing factors were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline values of rRI and rSWE were higher in alloHCT patients than in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.005 and 0.013, respectively). Baseline rRI in alloHCT recipients correlated negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after 100 days from alloHCT (<i>r</i> = -0.560, <i>p</i> = 0.0013). Neither rRI nor rSWE correlated with eGFR or calcineurin inhibitor concentrations. Discharge rSWE was significantly elevated in cases complicated by hypotension requiring vasopressor treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.008). No significant differences in rRI or rSWE were noted according to acute kidney injury, sepsis, or acute GvHD, but rSWE after day +100 was significantly lower in patients with chronic GvHD (<i>p</i> = 0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Baseline rRI and rSWE were higher in alloHCT patients than in the control group. Hypotension and chronic GvHD potentially influence rSWE. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the associations and influencing factors of this non-invasive modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e230-e238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of HyFoSy versus HSG for tubal patency: accuracy and agreement analysis.","authors":"Shaymaa K Abdulqader, Wassan Nori, Rajaa A Mohammed, Wisam Akram, Nabeeha N Akram","doi":"10.5114/pjr/216144","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/216144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tubal patency examination is an essential part of the infertility workup; hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) is a recommended substitute for the standard hysterosalpingography (HSG). This study aimed to determine the diagnostic concordance of HyFoSy and HSG, as well as the impact of uterus position on test performance.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The prospective observational cohort study enrolled 80 infertile women referred for assessing tubal patency at Al Yarmouk Hospital. Recorded parameters included demographics (age, parity, uterus position) and the results of tubal patency testing (patent, unilateral, or bilateral blocked tubes). HyFoSy was performed first, followed by HSG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age and parity were insignificant. HyFoSy showed a high degree of diagnostic concordance with HSG (85%), with a Cohen's k coefficient of 0.3 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.05-0.55). Gwet's agreement coefficient 1 was 0.84 (95%, CI: 0.74-0.94), indicating strong agreement. McNemar's test revealed significant systematic bias between the methods (<i>p</i> < 0.001), suggesting that HyFoSy and HSG are not interchangeable, which was further confirmed by Bland-Altman analysis showing a mean bias of +0.25 in favor of HyFoSy. The latter has a tendency to overestimate tubal patency among women with a retroverted uterus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HyFoSy is a promising tool for use as a complementary infertility test, showing high concordance with HSG. However, it should not be used as a stand-in for HSG without clinical judgment, especially in women with a retroverted uterus. The best of both approaches may be provided by a hybrid strategy that uses HyFoSy as a first-line test and saves HSG for cases that are unclear or high-risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e222-e229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery in 16,680 patients evaluated by cardiac computed tomography.","authors":"Alexander Suchodolski, Aleksandra Korus, Dariusz Kucias, Mariola Szulik, Jan Głowacki","doi":"10.5114/pjr/216210","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/216210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is a congenital cardiac anomaly in which a coronary artery arises from an abnormal location on the aorta. In this article, we refer to the classification by Cheezum <i>et al</i>. [1], which distinguishes anomalies according to the point of origin and the course of the abnormal artery. The study aimed to determine the frequency of occurrence of anomalies and to assess types associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 16,680 electrocardiography-gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) scans from years 2015-2022. Anomalies were found in 102 patients. Inclusion criteria were: scan description allowing for identification of coronary anomalies or images available, and patient age over 18 years. This resulted in a sample of 96 patients with anomalies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study group consisted of 42 women and 54 men; median age at the time of diagnosis was 61 years. The most common anomalies were: right anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery (R-LCx) (48 cases - 50%), right coronary artery from the left sinus (17 cases - 18%), left main coronary artery from the right sinus (7 cases - 7%), and left anterior descending artery from the right sinus (12 cases - 13%). The courses were as follows: retroaortic (47 cases - 48%), interarterial (27 cases - 29%), retrocardiac (2 cases - 2%), and prepulmonic (2 cases - 2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AAOCAs were found in 0.58% of CT scans performed. R-LCx was the most prevalent type, and the most prevalent course was retroaortic (47). Anomalies were mostly benign in their clinical manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e216-e221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretation of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of left ventricular hypertrophy: a practical guide.","authors":"Yasuo Amano, Masaki Tachi, Yasuyuki Suzuki","doi":"10.5114/pjr/215884","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/215884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this paper is to guide the interpretation of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) through clinical examples acquired in daily practice. The clinical utility of cardiac MRI for determining the etiologies of LVH and stratifying their risks for heart failure and cardiac death is enhanced by combining clinical information, including patient's age, family history, and noncardiac past history in patients with LVH. In this review, we report the clinical information necessary for interpreting cardiac MRI of patients with LVH. Next, the cardiac MRI sequences and their interpretation for differentiating LVH are described. Finally, we review clinical examples presenting with LVH on MRI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e205-e215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147985016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of cervical cancer subtypes using machine learning models on MRI images.","authors":"Asiye Sozeri, Neslihan Gokmen, Eda Kayali, Zeliha Firat Cuylan, Fatih Eroglu, Izzet Selcuk Parlak, Gunsu Kimyon Comert","doi":"10.5114/pjr/216134","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/216134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop and compare various radiomics-based machine learning (ML) models for distinguishing cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from non-SCC histopathological subtypes, using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 88 women (mean age, 51.1 ±13.0 years; range, 25-83 years) with histopathologically confirmed cervical cancer (47 SCC, 41 non-SCC). For each patient, axial and sagittal T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were available, along with clinical metadata. Radiomic features (shape, first-order, and texture features including gray-level co-occurrence matrix, gray-level run length matrix, and gray-level size zone matrix) were extracted from each sequence, yielding 945 features per patient. A feature set was created by combining features from all three sequences. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used for feature selection. Three supervised classifiers - random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR) - were trained to classify SCC versus non-SCC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the single-sequence models, the sagittal T2WI sequence demonstrated the strongest performance, achieving receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.839 with SVM and 0.732 with LR. In contrast, the axial T2WI RF model showed poor discriminative ability (ROC-AUC: 0.464), indicating that this sequence alone provides limited value for subtype differentiation despite showing acceptable accuracy metrics. The combined multi-sequence model yielded the highest overall performance. Using LASSO-selected features, RF achieved the best ROC-AUC (0.958), followed closely by SVM (0.953) and LR (0.951), with all models attaining accuracies above 0.91.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Feature-level integration of axial T2WI, sagittal T2WI, and DWI substantially enhances ML performance in differentiating SCC from non-SCC cervical cancer subtypes. Compared with single-sequence models, the combined multi-sequence approach provides more robust and well-balanced classification, underscoring the complementary value of multiparametric MRI for histopathological subtype prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e195-e204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deterministic or probabilistic tractography? Choosing the appropriate approach in clinical neurosurgery and neuroradiology practice.","authors":"Sara Kierońska-Siwak, Marcin Rudaś, Grzegorz Meder, Mariusz Baumgart, Magdalena Grzonkowska, Dariusz Grzanka","doi":"10.5114/pjr/217598","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/217598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffusion tensor-based tractography enables non-invasive reconstruction of white matter pathways in the human brain using two main algorithms: deterministic and probabilistic. Deterministic tractography generates white matter filaments that follow the dominant diffusion direction in individual voxels, providing fast but imprecise reconstruction; however, it is limited in areas with crossed filaments. Probabilistic tractography, on the other hand, models uncertainty and allows for more accurate mapping of complex neural connections, although it is computationally demanding and more difficult to interpret. This article discusses the theoretical foundations, strengths and weaknesses, and clinical applications of both approaches, with particular emphasis on their application in neurosurgery and neuroradiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e187-e194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147985015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of thoracic morphometry in interstitial lung diseases: a CT-based comparison of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, usual interstitial pneumonia, and healthy control.","authors":"Hilal Er Ulubaba, Gulnihal Deniz","doi":"10.5114/pjr/217717","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/217717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to quantitatively assess thoracic morphometry using thoracic computed tomography (CT) in patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), and healthy controls, and to determine whether morphometric parameters can differentiate between interstitial lung disease (ILD) subtypes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 180 participants (60 NSIP, 60 UIP, and 60 healthy controls). Standardised thoracic CT scans were analysed at 3 thoracic levels (T3, T6, and T9). The anteroposterior (AP) and transverse (T) thoracic diameters were measured, and their ratios (AP/T) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant intergroup differences were observed in thoracic dimensions, mainly at the upper thoracic level (T3). UIP patients showed smaller AP and transverse diameters than NSIP and controls (<i>p</i> = 0.028 and <i>p</i> = 0.003). At T6, the transverse diameter was also reduced in UIP compared with controls (<i>p</i> = 0.029). The AP/T ratio did not differ significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05), suggesting preserved thoracic geometry despite dimensional reduction. NSIP values were intermediate between UIP and controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Quantitative CT-based thoracic morphometry reveals distinct structural differences among ILD subtypes. Patients with UIP show reduced upper thoracic dimensions consistent with restrictive remodeling, whereas NSIP demonstrates relatively preserved thoracic configuration. CT-derived thoracic diameters represent simple, reproducible, and cost-effective imaging biomarkers that may complement conventional pattern analysis and support objective disease assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e179-e186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational study of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosing malignant breast masses.","authors":"Apurva Surana, Akanksha Johare","doi":"10.5114/pjr/218128","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/218128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the diagnostic role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and its comparison with grey-scale ultrasound with colour Doppler in characterising malignant breast masses.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>An observational study was done for duration of 18 months, including 64 adult females with breast masses. Patients underwent various investigations in the form of conventional ultrasound with colour Doppler and CEUS. Patients underwent surgery, and a histopathological examination was performed on a surgical specimen for confirmation of a benign or malignant lesion. Outcome measures were the proportion of benign and malignant lesions of the breast and the diagnostic accuracy of CEUS in characterising malignant lesions in the breast.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On analysis, CEUS showed very good agreement with histopathological diagnosis with κ 0.967 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001); while good agreement was found between histopathological diagnosis and diagnosis by B mode + colour Doppler with κ 0.772 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). CEUS demonstrated sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 96.15%, and AUC of 0.98, while diagnosis B mode + colour Doppler yielded sensitivity of 92.11%, specificity of 84.62%, and diagnostic accuracy of 89.06%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CEUS was found to have a better diagnostic accuracy for differentiation of benign and malignant breast masses (using histopathology as a gold standard). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of CEUS was found to be 99%, 96%, 97.4%, 99%, and 98.4% respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e169-e178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}