Polish journal of radiology最新文献

{"title":"Comments on data balance, test-set accounting, and thresholded reporting in an adaptive convolution neural network model for tuberculosis detection and diagnosis using semantic segmentation.","authors":"Emmanuel Pio Pastore","doi":"10.5114/pjr/211474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr/211474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric differences in the brain in children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after therapeutic hypothermia: a review of MRI findings.","authors":"Bartłomiej Syzdoł, Kamila Ćwik, Magdalena Woźniak","doi":"10.5114/pjr/211222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr/211222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a leading cause of neonatal brain injury, often resulting in long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is currently the only evidence-based treatment for HIE. This review summarizes volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in children with HIE treated with TH. Across multiple studies, the hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia consistently exhibit reduced volumes compared to healthy controls, though the statistical significance of these differences varies. Hippocampal volume reductions are observed in the neonatal period and later childhood, and are associated with poorer memory and cognitive outcomes. Thalamic and basal ganglia volumes are lower from the neonatal period through later childhood. Reduced thalamic volume is associated with impairments in cognitive and motor function. Cerebellar volume findings are inconsistent. Interpretation of volumetric differences remains challenging due to methodological heterogeneity across studies. Future studies are needed to validate volumetric biomarkers and establish normative data, facilitating the integration of volumetric MRI into early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for children with HIE.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e37-e44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of collateral scoring systems for hemorrhagic transformation after endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke.","authors":"Tamaz Jaoshvili, Natia Burjanadze, Medea Chichua, Mariam Chikhradze, Nikoloz Sainishvili","doi":"10.5114/pjr/211737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr/211737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) represents a serious complication in the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), particularly following endovascular treatment (EVT). While clinical predictors of HT have been widely studied, the prognostic value of imaging-based collateral scoring systems remains less well defined. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the prognostic accuracy of four commonly used collateral scoring systems - Miteff, Maas, modified Tan, the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score - and combinations of them, with established variables for predicting HT in AIS patients treated with EVT beyond the 4.5-hour window.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included 162 AIS patients who underwent EVT between 2017 and 2023. Patients with baseline computed tomography angiography and follow-up computed tomography were included; those receiving thrombolysis were excluded. Collateral status was assessed using four scoring systems. HT was confirmed by imaging. Patients were divided into HT and non-HT groups. Statistical analysis included χ² tests, binary logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis and evaluation of predictive models (Collateral Model and Integrated Clinical-Collateral Model). Significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the individual collateral scoring systems reached statistical significance as independent predictors of HT. The Collateral Model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.837 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.769-0.906), indicating acceptable discrimination. The Integrated Clinical-Collateral Model further improved predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.933 (95% CI: 0.883-0.983), reflecting excellent accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While individual collateral scoring systems showed limited value in predicting HT risk, their combined use improved prognostic accuracy. The predictive accuracy was even better when collateral scores were integrated with established clinical and imaging predictors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e30-e36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of breast implant presence and type on mean glandular dose calculations.","authors":"Marcin Syc, Aleksandra Bartnik, Beata Brzozowska, Witold Skrzyński","doi":"10.5114/pjr/211318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr/211318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, making mammography a vital tool for its early detection. However, the increasing prevalence of breast augmentation raises concerns about the accuracy of radiation dose estimation during mammography.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study investigates the impact of breast implants on mean glandular dose (MGD) calculations in mammography using Monte Carlo simulations. The research uses the GATE simulation framework to model different implant types (saline, silicone, and adipose tissue) to evaluate their influence on the conversion factors used to determine MGD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that the standard conversion factors, derived for non-augmented breasts, may not accurately reflect MGD in augmented breasts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the need for tailored conversion factors to ensure precise radiation dose estimation in women with implants, ultimately improving individualized mammography protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e20-e29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution, extent, and calculated age of initiation of coronary artery calcification.","authors":"Jarosław Piotr Wasilewski, Paweł Raif, Michał Skrzypek, Monika Zofia Czaja-Ziółkowska, Leszek Jan Kukulski, Mariusz Gąsior","doi":"10.5114/pjr/210491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr/210491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of coronary plaque burden and gender differences in the estimated age of coronary artery calcium (CAC) initiation in patients with moderate or low probability of coronary artery disease using cardiac computed tomography imaging.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>CAC was measured using the Agatston method. The patients were categorized into risk categories based on CAC score (CACs) and based on the number of involved coronary vessels. We investigated CAC distribution and plaque burden throughout the coronary vasculature in both sexes. Furthermore, we calculated the calcification initiation in each main coronary artery territory, assuming that average annual CACs progression is 25% per year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 937 affected vessels, calcifications were most prevalent in the left anterior descending artery (LAD), with a higher plaque burden ratio. Among patients with a low CAC burden, the LAD was the most frequently involved vessel. Analysis of the estimated age of CAC initiation reveals that calcification begins to develop earlier in the LAD than in other coronary territories in both sexes. Involvement of the second coronary artery territory after one-vessel disease can be expected after a median of 4.5 years (range 2.2-8), with no significant difference between men and women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Calcified plaque was most commonly identified in the LAD. CAC occurs earlier in the LAD than in other coronary arteries. The particular susceptibility to calcification of LAD is not related to gender.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e11-e19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic liver disease detection using deep convolutional neural networks with MRI data: a deep learning approach.","authors":"Elif Zoroğlu Altınkaya, Emre Altınkaya, Emre Emekli, Elif Gündoğdu","doi":"10.5114/pjr/210254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr/210254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a significant health issue, and detection is crucial for effective treatment. This study aimed to develop a deep learning based convolutional neural network (DeepCNN) to differentiate CLD from non-CLD patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images without segmentation, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and supporting timely intervention.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted using MRI data from 184 patients collected between 2018 and 2024, totaling 1112 images (460 normal, 652 CLD). Various MRI sequences, including axial T1, T2, and coronal, were used. The images were preprocessed with resizing, augmentation, and normalization techniques. The DeepCNN model was trained and compared against traditional machine learning (ML) algorithms, including logistic regression, <i>k</i>-nearest neighbor, support vector machines, and random forest. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DeepCNN model achieved a 93% accuracy and an F1-score of 0.939. Precision and recall for CLD classification were 97% and 98%, respectively. In comparison, traditional ML algorithms performed with accuracies ranging from 72.31% to 83.16%, with random forest achieving the highest. The DeepCNN model significantly outperformed these methods, demonstrating its strength in medical image classification. Using axial-only images reduced accuracy to 86%, showing that coronal views contribute valuable information. Limitation of data constrained learning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The DeepCNN model provides superior accuracy in diagnosing CLD compared to traditional ML methods, using MRI images without segmentation. This approach offers a practical solution for improving CLD detection and paves the way for future enhancements using attention mechanisms and advanced deep learning architectures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e1-e10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsequent primary and secondary neoplasms in childhood cancer survivors.","authors":"Monika Bekiesińska-Figatowska, Katarzyna Bilska, Sylwia Szkudlińska-Pawlak, Teresa Klepacka, Anna Raciborska, Irena Koch, Elżbieta Michalak","doi":"10.5114/pjr/213904","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/213904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To count and review cases of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in childhood cancer survivors, which are estimated to occur at a tenfold higher frequency than in the general population.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Data of 60 patients with SMNs from a tertiary referral center for pediatric solid tumors were analyzed: gender, age at diagnosis, treatment, time between diagnoses, subsequent cancer's association with radiotherapy, observation time, status: alive/dead, genetic background.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age at time of diagnosis of the index tumor (IT) was 6.8 years (0.1-22.1), of subsequent neoplasm 14.9 years (2.1-36.6). Median time between diagnosis of first and subsequent neoplasm was 6.3 years (0.8-26.2). In 16 patients, secondary tumors developed in irradiated sites. Eleven patients (18.3%) had cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS): 3 <i>RB1</i> mutation, 5 Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 4 neurofibromatosis type 1; one had both Li-Fraumeni syndrome and <i>RB1</i> mutation. Four patients (3 with CPS) had a third malignant neoplasm, and three had a fourth. Thirty-seven patients (61.6%) are alive, 23 (38.4%) died. Median observation time is 15.0 years (1.3-43.1). The overall 5-year survival rate in the whole group is 85% from diagnosis of IT. The overall 5-year survival rate from diagnosis of the second tumor is 63%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to risk of SMNs, life-long cancer screening is required for childhood cancer survivors. In CPS, this risk is multiplied, as it results from both genetic factors and previous treatment; in these patients, multiple primary cancers must be taken into account. When assessing imaging studies of patients with a history of malignancy, clinicians should consider not only recurrence and metastases but also the possibility of a new malignancy of a different histopathological nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"90 ","pages":"e621-e631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing glymphatic dysfunction using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index in gliomas and metastases.","authors":"Dhanush Jayanna, Shravan Reddy Kankara, Shreyas Reddy K, Arpitha Josephine, Vilas Melrick Tellis, Meghana Kancharla, Aaral Alisha Monteiro, Sunitha Palasamudram Kumaran, Saikanth Reddy Deepalam","doi":"10.5114/pjr/209785","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/209785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate glymphatic dysfunction using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index in patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs), high-grade gliomas (HGGs), and metastases, assess its feasibility as a non-invasive biomarker for tumour differentiation, and examine its relationship with tumourspecific characteristics.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This single-centre retrospective study examined patients with LGGs (<i>n</i> = 30), HGGs (<i>n</i> = 30), and metastases (<i>n</i> = 20), calculating the DTI-ALPS index. Tumour volume, peritumoral oedema, tumour volume-to-total brain volume ratio (TV/TBV), and peritumoral oedema-to-total brain volume ratio (PTE/TBV) were obtained using 3D segmentation. The DTI-ALPS index was compared across the 3 tumour groups, and its relationships with tumour-associated oedema, peritumoral oedema, TV/TBV, and PTE/TBV were analysed within and between the groups. Additionally, the DTI-ALPS index was compared between isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutant and IDH1 wild-type gliomas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference in the DTI-ALPS index between the 3 groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with HGGs having the lowest DTI-ALPS index values, followed by metastases and LGGs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the DTI-ALPS index had excellent sensitivity and specificity for LGGs (> 1.3838) and HGGs (< 1.317). No significant correlation was found between the DTI-ALPS index and tumour volume, TV/TBV, PTE/TBV, or peritumoral oedema. Furthermore, the mean DTI-ALPS index in IDH1 wild-type gliomas (1.23 ± 0.08) was significantly lower than that observed in IDH1 mutant tumours (1.42 ± 0.10; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DTI-ALPS index provides valuable insights into glymphatic dysfunction in brain tumours. This study underscores its potential as a non-invasive biomarker in differentiating these tumour groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"90 ","pages":"e611-e620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging is superior to MRA in assessing the extent of vascular involvement in patients with moyamoya disease.","authors":"Saumya Soni, Sameer Vyas, Nidhi Bhardwaj, Chirag Kamal Ahuja, Renu Suthar, Ashish Agarwal, Aastha Takkar Kapila, Sanket Dash, Naveen Sankhyan, Paramjeet Singh","doi":"10.5114/pjr/209786","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/209786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the effectiveness of time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and magnetic resonance (MR) vessel wall imaging (VWI) in assessing the degree of vascular involvement in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a single-time observational study carried out on patients with MMD before any surgical interventions. In addition to routine magnetic resonance imaging sequences, TOF MRA and VWI were performed. A total of 11 vascular segments (bilateral supraclinoid and terminal internal carotid arteries [ICA], anterior cerebral arteries [ACA], middle cerebral arteries [MCA], posterior cerebral arteries [PCA], and the distal basilar artery) were assessed in each patient for steno-occlusive changes on TOF MRA, and the presence of vessel wall thickening and enhancement on high-resolution VWI. Comparative analysis between the TOF MRA and VWI findings was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 40 cases were included, out of which 39 patients presented with infarcts, predominantly in multiterritorial distribution and only one patient presented with intracerebral hemorrhage. 440 vascular segments were assessed on TOF MRA and VWI, out of which TOF MRA revealed 38.8% stenotic (<i>n</i> = 171) and 30.2% (<i>n</i> = 133) occluded vascular segments. VWI revealed concentric vessel wall thickening in 97.5% of cases, with vessel wall contrast enhancement detected in 306 segments (69.54%). On comparison of TOF MRA and VWI findings, 69.09% of segments were abnormal on TOF MRA, while VWI detected 81.4% abnormal segments; notably, 11.8% of segments labeled normal on TOF MRA exhibited abnormal vessel wall traits on VWI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the valuable role of VWI as an important diagnostic tool and its superiority to TOF MRA for evaluating the extent of vascular involvement in patients with MMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"90 ","pages":"e602-e610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular embolization of dural arteriovenous fistulas: an 8-year single-centre experience and comparison with contemporary literature.","authors":"Muzammil Shakeel, Abdur Rehman, Tanveer Ul Haq, Hiba Sawliha Syed","doi":"10.5114/pjr/210253","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/210253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are complex vascular malformations characterised by abnormal communications between the meningeal arteries and dural venous sinuses or cortical veins. They may be associated with underlying thrombotic associations such as the presence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) or transverse-sigmoid sinus (TSS) occlusion, which can affect prognostic outcomes. Additionally, the types of DAVFs may also have varying clinical and technical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective cohort analysis conducted on 27 DAVF patients from 2015 to 2023 who presented at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. We examined the fistula types, clinical and technical success rates, complications, recurrence and the presence of concurrent CVST or TSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Complete clinical and technical success rates were 44% and 63%, respectively. The rates of complications and recurrence were 18.5% and 19%, respectively. The presence of thrombotic associations (CVST and TSS occlusion) was associated with significantly lower clinical success rates in our cohort. Type II Cognard fistulas were significantly associated with the presence of CVST and TSS occlusion (<i>p</i> = 0.003 and <i>p</i> = 0.044 respectively) as well as lower clinical success as compared to type IV fistulas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings advocate for comprehensive recognition of thrombotic associations of DAVFs and their potential integration into classification systems to better determine prognostic outcomes. Large-scale multi-centre studies are required to validate these associations further and guide treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"90 ","pages":"e591-e601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}