Polish journal of radiology最新文献

{"title":"Fractal analysis of tumor subregions differentiates benign from malignant breast lesions.","authors":"Lei Jiang, Run Xu, Lingdi Qin, Zeyang Miao, Dan Yu, Peng Luo, Guanwu Li","doi":"10.5114/pjr/216425","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/216425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fractal analysis in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions based on tumor subregion complexity and spatial heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Breast diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) data from biopsy- and surgery-confirmed malignant (<i>n</i> = 75) and benign tumors (<i>n</i> = 32) were used to evaluate the whole-lesion heterogeneity and subregional fractal dimension (FD) using habitat imaging. Inter-reader variability in 3D region of interest definition was assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of studied parameters in differentiating benign from malignant lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall Dice similarity coefficient across all lesion classes was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.96). The inter-reader reliability was excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.90 for FD. Significant differences were observed between malignant and benign lesions in hypervascular cellular FD (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and hypovascular cellular FD (<i>p</i> = 0.011), but not in nonviable tissue FD (<i>p</i> = 0.568). Patients with malignant lesions exhibited significantly higher median heterogeneity of the whole lesion compared to those with benign lesions (<i>p</i> = 0.015). Among the FD features generated by habitat imaging, hypervascular cellular FD had the highest area under the ROC curve (0.925, 95% CI: 0.854-0.969), surpassing the total heterogeneity (0.671, 95% CI: 0.568-0.763). Sensitivity and specificity of 89.3% and 81.8%, respectively, were achieved in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Subregional FD of tumor habitats demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between benign malignant breast tumors compared to the heterogeneity of the whole lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e334-e342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory quantitative magnetic resonance imaging characterization of histopathologic subtype heterogeneity in osteosarcoma.","authors":"Ismi Ayu Putri Rahmadillah, Rosy Setiawati, Amri Wicaksono Pribadi, James Griffith","doi":"10.5114/pjr/221738","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/221738","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults and demonstrates substantial histopathologic heterogeneity that complicates diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Conventional imaging and biopsy may not adequately reflect whole-tumor biology because of spatial sampling limitations. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), provides quantitative biomarkers related to tumor vascularity and cellularity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between quantitative DCE-MRI parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values across osteosarcoma subtypes and to explore their role in reflecting histopathologic heterogeneity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective exploratory study included 43 patients with histopathologically confirmed osteosarcoma who underwent pre-treatment 3.0-T MRI, including DCE-MRI and DWI, between January 2023 and February 2025. The cohort consisted of 17 osteoblastic, 9 fibroblastic, 6 chondroblastic, 5 giant cell-rich, 5 telangiectatic, and 1 extraskeletal osteosarcoma cases. Quantitative pharmacokinetic parameters (K&lt;sup&gt;trans&lt;/sup&gt;, K&lt;sub&gt;ep&lt;/sub&gt;, and V&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;) were derived using the Tofts model, while ADC values were obtained from diffusion-weighted sequences. Inter-subtype differences were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess diagnostic performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;K&lt;sup&gt;trans&lt;/sup&gt; demonstrated the strongest discriminatory performance across osteosarcoma subtypes (&lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt; = 13.852, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.017), with significantly higher values observed in chondroblastic compared with telangiectatic tumors. ROC analysis demonstrated good diagnostic performance of K&lt;sup&gt;trans&lt;/sup&gt; in identifying osteoblastic (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.806, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.652-0.960, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.021) and chondroblastic (AUC = 0.775, 95% CI: 0.611-0.939, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.033) subtypes. ADC values provided complementary information regarding tumor cellularity but demonstrated less consistent discriminatory performance. K&lt;sub&gt;ep&lt;/sub&gt; and V&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt; did not show statistically significant differences across subtypes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Quantitative DCE-MRI parameters, particularly K&lt;sup&gt;trans&lt;/sup&gt;, demonstrated significant associations with osteosarcoma subtype heterogeneity and may reflect differences in tumor vascular permeability. Combined diffusion and perfusion imaging may provide complementary information for non-invasive characterization of osteosarcoma. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the exploratory design and limited subgroup sample sizes, and further validation in larger prospective multicente","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e321-e333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retracted: Enhancing diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer: integrating novel machine learning approaches with enhanced image preprocessing for improved mammography analysis.","authors":"Mohsen Mehrabi, Nafise Salek","doi":"10.5114/pjr/224658","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/224658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.5114/pjr/195523.].</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13449061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body mass index and thoracic morphology parameters as predictors of pneumothorax in CT-guided lung biopsies.","authors":"Johannes T Heverhagen, Philippe Lauber, Miltiadis Krokidis, Alois Komarek, Patrick Dorn, Andreas Christe, Michael Patrick Brönnimann","doi":"10.5114/pjr/217693","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/217693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether body composition and thoracic morphology parameters could serve as predictors of pneumothorax risk in patients undergoing computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 147 percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsies performed between January 2019 and December 2023, categorizing patients into groups with and without pneumothorax. Indirect assessment methods for body composition, including body mass index (BMI) and thoracic morphology parameters, were evaluated alongside confounding factors such as access route (AR) through dependent lung areas (DA), patient demographics, lesion characteristics, and procedural details. Statistical analyses included chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests, while univariate and binomial logistic regression models were used to examine the impact of these factors on pneumothorax occurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMI ≥ 27.5 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), pectus excavatum at the level of the target lesion (PEL) (<i>p</i> = 0.028), transverse asymmetry at the anatomical reference level, defined as the level of the inferior pulmonary vein (TAA) (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and AR through DA (<i>p</i> < 0.01) were significantly associated with a reduced incidence of peri-interventional pneumothorax. Binary logistic regression confirmed BMI ≥ 27.5, AR through DA, TAA, and PEL as significant protective factors (<i>R</i>² = 0.497, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Constitutional factors such as higher BMI or the identification of subclinical chest deformities on pre-procedural imaging may facilitate stratification into lower-risk categories, facilitating more precise and confident procedural planning. Especially in the absence of these protective factors, ensuring that the AR traverses the DA becomes particularly important for minimizing the risk of pneumothorax during CT-guided lung biopsies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e308-e319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13449063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terminological precision in vascular anomalies: beyond \"lymphangioma\" and \"haemangioma\".","authors":"Umur Anil Pehlivan, Gurcan Erbay, Elif Karadeli","doi":"10.5114/pjr/217415","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/217415","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e306-e307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13449058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft signal intensity measurement on MRI: a novel method with intra- and interrater analysis over a 1-week interval.","authors":"Wojciech Szewczyk, Michał Marek, Florian Forelli, Maciej Biały","doi":"10.5114/pjr/218236","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/218236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the intra- and interrater reliability of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft signal-to-noise quotient (SNQ) assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a standardized coronal-oblique plane and region-of-interest (ROI) measurement protocol.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Twelve adults following ACL reconstruction underwent MRI graft assessment. Five ROIs were placed along the intra-articular portion of the ACL graft. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and background ROIs were used for SNQ normalization (SNQ = [ACL signal - PCL signal]/background signal). Two radiologists independently performed two blinded measurement sessions, 1 week apart. Reliability included intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable difference (SDD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intrarater ICCs for individual ROIs ranged from 0.67 to 0.90, with the highest reliability at R2 (ICC = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.70-0.97) and the lowest at R5 (ICC = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.20-0.89). Corresponding SEM values ranged from 0.31 to 1.01 and SDD from 0.87 to 2.79. Interrater ICCs ranged from 0.52 to 0.83, again highest at R2 (ICC = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.65-0.92) and lowest at R5 (ICC = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.15-0.76). Interrater SEM values ranged from 0.51 to 1.23 and SDD from 1.43 to 3.43. Averaging SNQ across all five ROIs improved reliability, yielding excellent intrarater agreement (ICC = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.67-0.97; SEM = 0.28; SDD = 0.76) and good interrater agreement (ICC = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.67-0.93; SEM = 0.34; SDD = 0.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed MRI-based SNQ protocol demonstrates excellent intrarater and good interrater reliability over a 1-week interval. ROI averaging meaningfully enhances reproducibility and provides actionable SDD thresholds for detecting ACL graft signal change.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e299-e305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13449060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in breast cancer molecular subtypes.","authors":"Run Xu, Zeyang Miao, Xiaoyong Zuo, Li Lu, Peng Luo, Guanwu Li","doi":"10.5114/pjr/216424","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/216424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer heterogeneity is crucial for treatment decision-making and prognosis prediction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a key tool in breast imaging, providing a non-invasive assessment of morphological characteristics, cell density, hemodynamics, and vascular proliferation. Integrating MRI with advanced techniques such as radiomics, habitat imaging, and artificial intelligence enables a deeper understanding of tumor morphology and biological behavior through analysis of imaging features, thereby characterizing the heterogeneity inherent in breast cancer. This review explores MRI's role as an imaging biomarker for evaluating breast cancer molecular subtypes, aiming to support personalized treatment strategies and improve therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e288-e298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13449062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current advancements and future directions in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in liver oncology: from quantification to theranostics.","authors":"Agnieszka Czapska, Andrzej Fedak, Jan Jamroś, Tadeusz Popiela","doi":"10.5114/pjr/219104","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/219104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has evolved into a precision supportive tool in managing liver oncology, particularly for hepatocellular carcinoma. It has moved beyond simple visual impressions to objective, quantitative data using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound, perfusion curve analysis, and 3D-volumetric assessments. Furthermore, the integration of fusion imaging and artificial intelligence-driven pipelines has made ultrasound indispensable for guiding complex interventional procedures in real-time. In parallel, emerging technologies like targeted microbubbles and ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction are pushing the field toward molecular imaging and theranostics, turning ultrasound into an active participant in therapy. This review examines these clinical applications, takes a critical look at persistent hurdles, and identifies current research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e280-e287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13449064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability of attenuation imaging and shear wave elastography in non-invasive assessment of liver steatosis and fibrosis in adult patients.","authors":"Patryk Pozowski, Mateusz Bilski, Łukasz Lewandowski, Urszula Zaleska-Dorobisz","doi":"10.5114/pjr/215747","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/215747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aims to assess whether: 1) shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) and attenuation imaging (ATI) can confirm or dispute ultrasonographic (USG) diagnosis of liver steatosis, 2) there is a correlation between 2D-SWE and ATI results, and 3) which blood tests and liver condition indices are most related to a higher F index among participants.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A group of 117 participants (hepatitis B and hepatitis C negative) with B-mode USG-diagnosed fatty liver was examined using ATI and 2D-SWE. Blood tests were performed, and data were analysed for normality, model fitting, and the identification of predictors for a higher F index. The likelihood ratio test assessed variables and their odds ratio in relation to the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), followed by interaction analysis with reference patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ATI and 2D-SWE provided more accurate liver diagnostics than USG. F2-F3 stages correlated with older age, higher glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), FIB-4, De Ritis, AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), and g-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP). The model showed that AST was a strong indicator of higher F index. Univariate analysis revealed that higher odds for F2-F3 stages were associated with elevated glucose, FIB-4, De Ritis, ATI, AST, and APRI. Compared to S0, values greater than S1 were linked to a higher F index. Interaction analysis showed that only FIB-4-GGTP was significant, with higher GGTP reducing the impact of FIB-4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ATI and 2D-SWE may complement USG in assessing liver condition. Key predictors for a higher F index include S index, AST, glucose, De Ritis, and FIB-4, with APRI being moderately relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e255-e279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13449059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative CT texture analysis of the mandibular condyle in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.","authors":"Naoya Nakamura, Hirotaka Muraoka, Satoshi Tokunaga, Kohei Otsuka, Tomohiro Komatsu, Hitomi Kishimoto, Sawa Muranaka, Kotaro Ito","doi":"10.5114/pjr/217439","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pjr/217439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this study, we quantitatively assessed the involvement of the mandibular condyle in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) based on computed tomography (CT) texture analysis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We analyzed CT scans obtained between April 2020 and March 2023, from 31 patients (7 males and 24 females) with MRONJ. We extracted 279 radiomic features from regions of interest defined on the affected and control sides. These features were analyzed using MaZda version 4.6.2.0. Using Fisher's coefficient, 10 of these features were selected for analysis. The selected features were compared between the affected and control sides using the paired <i>t</i>-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All selected radiomics features, which were texture features of the mandibular condylar bone marrow, showed significant differences between the affected and control sides in patients with MRONJ (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggested that microstructural changes, not easily detected on visual inspection, may occur in the trabecular structure of the affected mandibular condyle in patients with MRONJ. Therefore, the impact of the disease on the temporomandibular joint should be considered in MRONJ.</p>","PeriodicalId":94174,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of radiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"e248-e254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}