{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography Image Enhancement Using Optical Clearing Agent Tartrazine.","authors":"Yilin Liang, Xiaochen Meng, Chongyang Wang, Jiawei Ma, Xuanye Zhang, Fan Fan, Jiang Zhu","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution, non-invasive visualization of biological tissues, enabling structural imaging and the visualization of microvascular networks. However, tissue scattering remains a significant limitation for achieving deeper imaging penetration and improved image quality. Optical clearing agents help minimize this scattering, enhancing OCT imaging capabilities. This study investigates the optical clearing effects of tartrazine, a commonly used food dye, to improve OCT and OCT angiography imaging. In ex vivo chicken breast, tartrazine solution demonstrated enhanced penetration depth and reversible optical clearing. In vivo mouse skin was evaluated using parameters such as extinction coefficient, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and vessel density. The results revealed substantial reductions in light scattering, improved imaging penetration, and enhanced visualization of vascular networks after applying tartrazine solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photonics Detection of Molecular-Specific Spatial Structural Alterations of Cells due to Chronic Alcoholism and Probiotics Treatments in Colon Cancer.","authors":"Ishmael Apachigawo, Pradeep K Shukla, Dhruvil Solanki, Santanu Maity, Radhakrishna Rao, Prabhakar Pradhan","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photonics/light localization techniques are essential in understanding the structural changes in biological cells/tissues at the nano- to sub-micron scale. It is now known that structural alterations begin at the nanoscale, marking the onset of cancer progression. This photonics study examines the molecular-specific nano-structural alterations of chronic alcoholism and probiotic effects on colon cancer using a mouse model of colon cancer. We assessed alcohol-treated and azoxymethane (AOM) with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis models, including ethanol (EtOH) and probiotic (L.casei) treatments separately and together. The confocal images were analyzed using the mesoscopic physics-based Inverse Participation Ratio (IPR) technique to quantify structural alterations at nano- to submicron scales. Significant enhancement of cancer progression was observed in the EtOH-treated group, and probiotic treatment with EtOH showed substantial reversal of these changes in colon cancer, underscoring the potential of the IPR technique in detecting and monitoring cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retinal Fluorescence Features in Alzheimer's Disease: In Vivo Study Using Synchronous Scan and Emission Mapping.","authors":"Sherif S Mahmoud, Rehab A Fouad, Eman M Aly","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves retinal changes that may serve as biomarkers, given the retina's connection to the brain via the visual cortex. Variability in AD research arises from methodological differences, patient diversity, and evolving hypotheses. This study explores AD progression and complexity using synchronous and emission map fluorescence spectroscopy of retinas from rats administered aluminum chloride for 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. Elevated retinal amyloid-beta (Aβ-40 and Aβ-42) levels suggest similar pathological changes as in the brain. In synchronous spectra, excessive or insufficient levels of structural proteins can enhance retinal dysfunction or disease, while emission map spectra revealed enhanced photosensitivity due to increased porphyrins over time (AD-6 to AD-12 weeks).</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hyperspectral Imaging for Distinguishing Granulomatous Mastitis From Normal Breast Tissue in Core Needle Biopsies.","authors":"Minmin Yu, Yukun Yin, Guangshang Zhong, Chanchan Zhu, Cuilei Wei, Mengqiu Zhang, Mengdi Zhang, Haiyue Lv, Xinqian Dong, Jingwei Li","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the use of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to distinguish granulomatous mastitis (GM) from normal breast tissue in core-needle biopsy specimens. High-resolution spectral data were captured from paraffin-embedded sections across the 400-1000 nm range. Following preprocessing, normalization, and principal component analysis, one-way analysis of variance revealed ten wavelengths with the greatest diagnostic power. Notably, hemoglobin absorption peaks and lipid-collagen signatures provided the strongest spectral discrimination between GM and healthy tissue. These results underscore HSI's promise as a rapid, real-time adjunct for preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of breast lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prognostic Value of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Luminal B Breast Cancer Based on Multiphoton Microscopy.","authors":"Xi Chen, Deyong Kang, Zhonghua Han, Jianping Huang, Zhen Lu, Jiajia He, Zhijun Li, Yuxuan Luo, Xingfu Wang, Lianhuang Li, Xiahui Han, Jianxin Chen, Liqin Zheng, Junzhen Jiang","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in luminal B breast cancer patients using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and evaluates their association with 5-year disease-free survival (DFS). We obtained unlabeled MPM images from 213 patients, quantified the frequency of TILs, and assigned a TILs-score to each patient using ridge regression analysis. In addition, compared with single CLI-score model, the nomogram model, which integrated the TILs-score model with CLI-score model, further enhanced the predictive power for the luminal B subgroup. Specifically, the area under the curve (AUC) for 5-year DFS increased from 0.740 to 0.830 and hazard ratio (HR) increased from 5.31 to 7.24 in the training cohort; in the validation cohort, AUC increased from 0.716 to 0.822 and HR increased from 3.08 to 5.01. These findings suggest that the MPM-based TILs-score is a robust prognostic factor for luminal B breast cancer, potentially guiding more tailored treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemah Alharthi, Dhruvil Solanki, Ishmael Apachigawo, Santanu Maity, Jianfeng Xiao, Mohammad Moshahid Khan, Prabhakar Pradhan
{"title":"Optical Detection of the Spatial Structural Alteration in the Human Brain Tissues/Cells and DNA/Chromatin due to Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Fatemah Alharthi, Dhruvil Solanki, Ishmael Apachigawo, Santanu Maity, Jianfeng Xiao, Mohammad Moshahid Khan, Prabhakar Pradhan","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500114","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbio.202500114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the urgent need for early, reliable biomarkers. Structural disorder at the subcellular level, particularly in nuclear components such as DNA/chromatin, offers a promising diagnostic target. In this study, we applied two mesoscopic physics-based optical techniques-partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) and inverse participation ratio (IPR)-to quantify nanoscale structural alterations in postmortem human brain tissues and nuclei. Both PWS and IPR revealed a significant increase in structural disorder and mass density fluctuations in DNA/chromatin of PD samples. These abnormalities are potentially linked to the pathological aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra, a hallmark of PD-related neurodegeneration. Complementary histological analyses supported the optical findings, validating the presence of disrupted microarchitecture. Our results establish PWS and IPR as sensitive optical/photonics tools for detecting early nanoscale changes in PD, offering a novel path toward improved diagnosis and understanding of disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e70131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Light-Mediated Insulin and Amylin Secretion: Influence of Irradiation Parameters in Optogenetically Modified Mouse-Pancreatic β Cells.","authors":"Nidhi Maharwal, Rashmi Shrivastava, Khageswar Sahu, Shovan Kumar Majumder","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optogenetics offers a promising avenue for controlled insulin secretion in diabetes management using genetically modified cells. However, the influence of irradiation parameters on the co-secreted hormone amylin remains largely unexplored. This study examined how blue light power densities (50, 100, and 200 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>) under continuous and intermittent exposure affect hormonal secretion in channelrhodopsin-2 expressing mouse β cells. Results showed that 10 s of continuous exposure at 50 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> increased insulin and amylin secretion by ~25% and 40%, respectively. Introducing intermittent dark intervals further enhanced secretion by ~35% for insulin and 70% for amylin at 50 and 100 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> respectively, correlating with intracellular calcium changes. Notably, light modulated the amylin-to-insulin molar ratio, peaking with a 34% increase during 5 s 'on'-10s 'off' exposure at 100 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>. This study provides the first evidence that light irradiation parameters can differentially influence hormonal secretion from engineered cells, offering a potential for tailored cell-based diabetes therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prognostic Value of Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.","authors":"Zhengya Fang, Suwen Zhu, Shaodong Zhang, Yingchun Liu, Yueyun Shen, Ye Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to ascertain the predictive value of intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Independent factors affecting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and predictive efficacy of OCT parameters on MACE in CHD patients were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Advanced age and large lipid arc degree were risk factors for MACE occurrence (OR > 1, p < 0.05), while thick fibrous cap thickness and high left ventricular ejection fraction were protective (OR < 1, p < 0.05). Fibrous cap thickness predicted MACE (AUC 0.765, 95% CI 0.690 ~ 0.840, cut-off 92 μm); lipid arc degree did as well (AUC 0.885, 95% CI 0.817 ~ 0.952, cut-off 214.5°).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OCT supports interventional treatment in CHD patients, with fibrous cap thickness and lipid arc degree demonstrating some prognostic predictive value post-PCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Multiphoton Microscopy in Basal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis.","authors":"Wenwen Zhong, Lingyang Long, Ying Feng, Xiahui Han, Jianxin Chen","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500216","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbio.202500216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common skin malignancy, requires early diagnosis for optimal outcomes. This study evaluates the complementary roles of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) in BCC characterization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-seven histopathologically confirmed BCC lesions were analyzed. Preoperative dermoscopy and in vivo RCM imaging were performed; post-excision specimens underwent MPM imaging and H&E correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RCM demonstrated superior visualization of tumor nests and vascular patterns, while MPM provided quantitative collagen analysis, revealing significant architectural differences between high- and low-risk subtypes (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined approach enhances diagnostic accuracy, with RCM enabling rapid assessment and MPM facilitating risk stratification through collagen metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Motion Artifact Correction in Deep-Tissue Three-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy Using Adaptive Optical Flow Learning With Transformer.","authors":"Yifei Li, Runnan Zhang, Keying Li, Yalun Wang, Mubin He, Jun Qian","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-photon fluorescence microscopy (3PFM) enables high-resolution volumetric imaging in deep tissues but is often hindered by motion artifacts in dynamic physiological environments. Existing solutions, including surgical fixation and conventional image registration algorithms, frequently fail under intense and nonuniform motions, particularly in low-texture or highly deformed regions. To overcome these problems, we propose StabiFormer, a transformer-based optical flow learning network designed for robust motion correction. Central to StabiFormer is the stable-dynamic feature extractor, which captures interlayer dynamics to facilitate accurate image registration. Our validation across cerebrovascular and intestinal 3PFM datasets demonstrates that StabiFormer achieves near-zero displacement error relative to ground truth in brain vasculature. Furthermore, it enables artifact-free 3D visualization of intestinal macrophages and vasculature at 300 μm depth, a physiologically relevant depth for studying intestinal immune microvasculature. These results establish a noninvasive computational solution for motion-artifact-free volumetric imaging, paving the way for quantitative investigations in previously inaccessible dynamic organ systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}