Sinaro Ly, Adrien Badré, Parker Brandt, Chen Wang, Paul Calle, Justin Reynolds, Qinghao Zhang, Kar-Ming Fung, Haoyang Cui, Zhongxin Yu, Sanjay G Patel, Yunlong Liu, Nathan A Bradley, Qinggong Tang, Chongle Pan
{"title":"Deep Learning for Autonomous Surgical Guidance Using 3-Dimensional Images From Forward-Viewing Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography.","authors":"Sinaro Ly, Adrien Badré, Parker Brandt, Chen Wang, Paul Calle, Justin Reynolds, Qinghao Zhang, Kar-Ming Fung, Haoyang Cui, Zhongxin Yu, Sanjay G Patel, Yunlong Liu, Nathan A Bradley, Qinggong Tang, Chongle Pan","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) was developed for the analysis of volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to enhance endoscopic guidance during percutaneous nephrostomy. The model was performance-benchmarked using a 10-fold nested cross-validation procedure and achieved an average test accuracy of 90.57% across a dataset of 10 porcine kidneys. This performance significantly exceeded that of 2D-CNN models that attained average test accuracies ranging from 85.63% to 88.22% using 1, 10, or 100 radial sections extracted from the 3D OCT volumes. The 3D-CNN (~12 million parameters) was benchmarked against three state-of-the-art volumetric architectures: the 3D Vision Transformer (3D-ViT, ~45 million parameters), 3D-DenseNet121 (~12 million parameters), and the Multi-plane and Multi-slice Transformer (M3T, ~29 million parameters). While these models achieved comparable inferencing accuracy, the 3D-CNN exhibited lower inference latency (33 ms) than 3D-ViT (86 ms), 3D-DenseNet121 (58 ms), and M3T (93 ms), representing a critical advantage for real-time surgical guidance applications. These results demonstrate the 3D-CNN's capability as a powerful and practical tool for computer-aided diagnosis in OCT-guided surgical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Siamese Multi-Level Features Neural Network Based 3D Fusion Improves the Depth of Field in Photoacoustic Microscopy.","authors":"Bokang You, Guobin Liu, Jiahuan He, Yubin Cao, Yiguang Wang, Guolin Liu, Siyi Cao, Shangkun Hou, Kangjun Guo, Qiegen Liu, Xianlin Song","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microscopic imaging techniques pursue high-resolution, large depth of field (DoF) imaging but are limited by hardware, especially the strong focusing of objective lenses. Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has a narrow DoF due to the intense laser focusing needed for high-resolution imaging. To address this, we propose a novel volumetric information fusion method using a three-dimensional siamese multi-level features convolutional neural network (3DSMFCNN) for cost-effective, large-DoF imaging. Initially, an initial decision map (IDM) is produced by performing focus region identification on multi-focus 3D photoacoustic data with the pre-trained 3DSMFCNN. The IDM is then refined through consistency verification and Gaussian filtering to generate the final decision map (FDM). A DoF-enhanced photoacoustic image is obtained by voxel-weighted averaging based on the FDM. Experiments with multi-focus 3D simulated fibers, blood vessels, and real data demonstrate that the method significantly extends the DoF of OR-PAM without sacrificing lateral resolution, which confirms its effectiveness, robustness, and applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of Human Anisotropic Skin Elasticity Using the Dispersion Curve of Surface Acoustic Wave Elastography.","authors":"Guangyu Zhang, Zhengshuyi Feng, Chunhui Li, Zhihong Huang","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate assessment of skin elasticity is critical for understanding its physiological and pathological conditions. Conventional models often neglect anisotropy, leading to inconsistent measurements. We investigated skin anisotropic using Surface acoustic wave (SAW) based Optical Coherence Elastography (OCE), analyzing the angular ( <math> <semantics><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow> <annotation>$$ theta $$</annotation></semantics> </math> ) dependence of SAW velocity ( <math> <semantics> <mrow><msub><mi>C</mi> <mi>R</mi></msub> </mrow> <annotation>$$ {C}_R $$</annotation></semantics> </math> ) relative to fiber orientation. Validation experiments were conducted on chicken thighs and human forearms. In chicken thighs, <math> <semantics> <mrow><msub><mi>C</mi> <mi>R</mi></msub> </mrow> <annotation>$$ {C}_R $$</annotation></semantics> </math> showed significant differences across propagation directions ranging from 90° to 0° ( <math> <semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow> <annotation>$$ p $$</annotation></semantics> </math> = 0.008 < 0.05). In the dermis layer of forearms, the <math> <semantics> <mrow><msub><mi>C</mi> <mi>R</mi></msub> </mrow> <annotation>$$ {C}_R $$</annotation></semantics> </math> demonstrated significant angular dependence ( <math> <semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow> <annotation>$$ p $$</annotation></semantics> </math> = 0.031), with a percentage change of 31% while Young's modulus ( <math> <semantics><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow> <annotation>$$ E $$</annotation></semantics> </math> ) increased by 21.7 ± 11.5 kPa (60.32%) from 90° to 0°. No significant dependence was found in the hypodermis layer. These results demonstrate that incorporating anisotropy improves elasticity estimation and provides a practical foundation for skin assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Algorithms for Intraoperative Neurovascular Inclusion Detection, Diameter and Depth Prediction Based on Frequency Domain Near Infrared Spectroscopy.","authors":"Mariia Belsheva, Larisa Safonova, Alexey Shkarubo, Ilya Chernov","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study proposes an improved method for subsurface detection of neurovascular structures and their diameter and depth prediction as crucial feedback to neurosurgeons to prevent critical damage. The method relies on frequency-domain near infrared spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms based on numerical modeling data. The tasks solved include: analyzing the impact of the technical implementation of the spectrometer, forming effective feature vectors for classification and regression, selecting algorithms, developing training methods, and experimentally testing the results. Variational autoencoder-based algorithms demonstrate superior performance in classification and strong results in regression. A key advantage of these algorithms is their ability to train on unlabeled data while preserving the physical meaning of the latent space due to the applied custom constraint. It is essential that the light detectors of the spectrometers have a high internal gain. Experimental tests confirm the feasibility of partial training on simulated data.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlation Between Fingerprint-Guided Sweat Ducts Features From OCT and Diabetic Neuropathy Using Voronoi Diagram.","authors":"Wangbiao Li, Zhida Chen, Hui Lin, Shidi Hu, Kaihong Chen, Yong Guo, Shulian Wu, Hui Li, Yu Chen, Zhifang Li","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic complication of diabetes. Sweat glands are directly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, whose neuropathy affects the thermal regulation of the skin and results in morphological changes in sweat ducts. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the characteristics of fingerprint-guided sweat ducts assessed by optical coherence tomography and DN based on a predictive model using a back propagation neural network (BPNN) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results demonstrate that the number, volume, and spacing of sweat ducts are correlated with the severity of DN. The Voronoi diagram of the sweat duct distribution demonstrates irregularities in the spatial distribution among patients with DN. Furthermore, the PCA-based BPNN model has good predictive accuracy between patients with non-neuropathic, neuropathic, and severe neuropathic diabetes. These findings suggest that OCT-assessed sweat duct features may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for DN in patients with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenlong Song, Bin Zuo, Caiming Jiang, Zhicheng Zhang
{"title":"Brain Activity Within Prefrontal Cortex: A Resting-State fNIRS Comparative Study in High-Functioning Autism Preschoolers and Typically Developed Peers.","authors":"Wenlong Song, Bin Zuo, Caiming Jiang, Zhicheng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology to detect brain function within the prefrontal cortex in 23 typically developing (TD) preschool children and 48 children with high-functioning autism (HFA), aiming to observe the differences in brain function within the prefrontal cortex between the two groups. We found that the activation degree of channels 6-7-11 corresponding to the activation area of the right prefrontal lobe in the HFA group, is significantly higher than that in the Typical Development TD group. Moreover, the number and intensity of brain functional connectivity in the HFA group are significantly lower than those in the TD group. The active areas of the brain network in the HFA group are not as concentrated as those in the TD group. This demonstrates that fNIRS detection can serve as a potential biomarker for brain activity within the prefrontal cortex of preschool children with HFA.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenshuai Li, Bin Xu, Chaofu Sun, Weiping Liu, Yang Zhang, Ji Wu, Xuefeng Liu, Jichuan Xiong
{"title":"Multiparametric Wide-Field Fluorescence Imaging via Polarization Modulation With Liquid Crystal Rotators.","authors":"Wenshuai Li, Bin Xu, Chaofu Sun, Weiping Liu, Yang Zhang, Ji Wu, Xuefeng Liu, Jichuan Xiong","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescence polarization imaging provides critical insights into molecular orientation, yet existing methods face limitations in parameter extraction efficiency and implementation complexity. This study proposes Wide-Field Multiparametric Fluorescence Imaging (WMPFI) using a Liquid Crystal Polarization Rotator (LCPR) for rapid polarization state modulation that generates pixel-level intensity modulations that encode fluorophore orientation. By analyzing fluorescence intensity variations under different polarization excitations, WMPFI reconstructs sample structural information through parametric imaging without requiring optical lock-in detection or computational reconstruction algorithms. Comparative experiments with Conventional Microscopy (CM) demonstrate WMPFI's enhanced sensitivity to anisotropic fluorescent dipole orientations, achieving superior contrast and resolution in imaging neural stem cells and skin tissues. The method's capacity for multi-parameter acquisition through polarization modulation offers a simplified approach for probing subcellular material exchange dynamics, with potential extensions to super-resolution imaging modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144639101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mijeong Kim, Hwarang Shin, Jiho Lee, Hyun Wook Kang
{"title":"Controlled Thermal Stimulation Using 980-nm Laser for Collagen Remodeling.","authors":"Mijeong Kim, Hwarang Shin, Jiho Lee, Hyun Wook Kang","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collagen plays a key role in maintaining skin structure and function. Energy based devices such as radiofrequency and ultrasound stimulate collagen synthesis through thermal stimulation, but lack precise temperature regulation. This study evaluated collagen synthesis induced by controlled thermal stimulation using a 980 nm laser. An ex vivo test identified conditions to achieve 50°C-60°C. Based on these results, 2.5 W laser irradiation for 35 s was applied to in vivo rat skin. Skin samples were collected on days 0, 14, and 28. Histology showed a three-fold increase in dermal thickness and a 15% increase in collagen density at day 28. RT-qPCR confirmed upregulation of FGF2, AKT, and COL3A1, with no significant changes in IL-1β or IL-6, and decreased NF-κB expression, indicating minimal inflammation. These findings demonstrate that controlled 980 nm laser stimulation enhances collagen synthesis without damaging skin tissue. Future studies will assess thermal distribution using fiber Bragg grating sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144639100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hyperspectral Imaging for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Differentiation.","authors":"Yunze Li, Haiyan Chen, Wei Li, Meng Yu, Jinlin Deng, Qize Lv, Yifei Liu, Shuai Gao","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study proposed an intelligent intraoperative diagnostic framework that combines hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with deep reinforcement learning to accurately differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the two main subtypes of primary liver cancer. To address the limitations of conventional imaging techniques and serum biomarkers, the authors constructed the first clinical HSI dataset of liver tumors (n = 131, spectral range 400-1000 nm). The proposed method integrates a 3D residual neural network (3D-ResNet) with a Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)-based reinforcement learning algorithm, framing spectral band selection as a Markov decision process. An intraclass constrained cross-entropy loss further enhances class separability and compactness. Experimental results demonstrate a classification accuracy of 95%, outperforming traditional band selection approaches. This framework enables rapid, real-time tumor subtyping during surgery, addressing the critical clinical need for timely and accurate liver cancer diagnosis, and offers a promising tool for advancing precision oncology and improving intraoperative decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144628342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiacheng Gu, Jinpeng Liao, Tianyu Zhang, Yilong Zhang, Simon Shepherd, Michaelina Macluskey, Zhihong Huang, Chunhui Li
{"title":"Quantitative Characterization of Undulation Patterns and Regional Features of the Oral Basement Membrane Zone Using Optical Coherence Tomography.","authors":"Jiacheng Gu, Jinpeng Liao, Tianyu Zhang, Yilong Zhang, Simon Shepherd, Michaelina Macluskey, Zhihong Huang, Chunhui Li","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alterations in the undulation pattern of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) reflect early pathological changes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides real-time, high-resolution, in vivo three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the oral mucosal microstructures, including BMZ. In this study, we quantified the undulation index of BMZ at four oral sites: the floor of the mouth, lower lip, buccal mucosa, and hard palate, and visualized their 3D morphological structures. Among regular participants, the mean undulation index varied across these sites: 14.64% ± 9.07% for floor, 8.74% ± 4.65% for lower lip, 9.45% ± 3.64% for buccal mucosa, and 14.84% ± 7.71% for hard palate. The corresponding epithelial thicknesses were 209.48 ± 87.51, 311.31 ± 106.85, 596.10 ± 138.40, and 444.83 ± 61.83 μm. It highlights the significance of BMZ morphology and epithelium thickness as potential diagnostic markers, offering a new approach for the early detection of OSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}