{"title":"Abnormal Brain Activation Patterns in Patients With Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) During Recovery: A fNIRS Study.","authors":"Yuchen Ran, Shuang Wu, Shuai Liu, Chao Chen, Yangxi Li, Tianxin Gao, Yingwei Fan, Xiaoying Tang","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 has increased the likelihood of cognitive impairment in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). There is a lack of direct evidence regarding the working memory performance of mild patients during the recovery period. This study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to construct a mixed effects model for PASC patients performing the N-back task, assessing brain activation levels and brain connectivity. PASC patients exhibited abnormally low activation in the parietal lobe (β = -0.21) and abnormally high activation in the occipital lobe (β = 0.40). There was a significant reduction in brain connectivity within the frontal-parietal and frontal-occipital networks. These findings suggest that PASC patients experience impaired fronto-parietal network connectivity, rely more on the visual cortex to compensate for executive function deficits, and use this as a compensatory mechanism to reduce overall cerebral blood oxygenation. This study provides evidence of altered brain activation patterns in PASC patients during the recovery period due to cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Vivo Cervical Precancer Classification Through Multifractal Analysis of Spectral Fluctuations in Intrinsic Fluorescence Spectra.","authors":"Gyana Ranjan Sahoo, Amar Nath Sah, Madhur Srivastava, Prasanta K Panigrahi, Asima Pradhan","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spectral fluctuations in fluorescence spectroscopy, often ignored as noise, contain significant information about the fluorophore microenvironments. We present a discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based technique to extract spectral fluctuations from the intrinsic fluorescence signals and utilize them to classify normal and precancerous patients. The fluctuations are extracted by applying the inverse DWT after zeroing the approximation and noisy detail coefficients. Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis revealed stronger multifractality for precancer signals manifested in the singularity spectrum. The Hurst exponent ( <math> <semantics><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow> <annotation>$$ H $$</annotation></semantics> </math> ) and the Hausdorff dimension <math> <semantics> <mrow> <mfenced><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <mi>α</mi></mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> <annotation>$$ left(Delta alpha right) $$</annotation></semantics> </math> clearly distinguish two groups. Random Forest classification of generalized Hurst and Holder exponents achieves 96% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with an AUC of 0.98. This indicates that the spectral fluctuations derived from the intrinsic fluorescence data capture the subtle, distinctive features, resulting in better classification between the two grades. Further, a comparison among various mother wavelet functions reveals the best performance for the \"bior2.4\" wavelet.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiahui Chu, Nan Liu, Jing Liu, Jie Xu, Shuang Wang
{"title":"Noninvasive Monitoring of Blood Glucose With In Vivo Raman Spectroscopy.","authors":"Jiahui Chu, Nan Liu, Jing Liu, Jie Xu, Shuang Wang","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive glucose monitoring using Raman spectroscopy with 830 nm excitation presents a promising alternative to traditional fingerstick methods for diabetes management research. An integrated in vivo Raman system enables transcutaneous glucose detection and has demonstrated robust performance in oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), validating its reliability. Inter-subject correlation between spectral features and glucose concentration was addressed by the intensity of the fingerprint peak (I<sub>1125</sub>), peak intensity ratio (I<sub>1125</sub>/I<sub>1445</sub>), and the spectral area ratio (S<sub>1125</sub>/S<sub>1445</sub>), whose correlation coefficient (R) was 0.9266, 0.8946, and 0.9061, respectively. A partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was also adopted for quantitatively bridging the measured Raman spectral information and the actual glucose concentration, showing reliable predictive performance within a wide glucose concentration range of 82.8 to 180 mg/dL. This work demonstrates promising feasibility for in vivo transcutaneous Raman-based glucose monitoring, laying a foundation for subsequent technique transformation in the field of diabetes management and personalized health monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajani Rai, Qinghao Zhang, Bornface M Mutembei, Feng Yan, Kaustubh Pandit, Ke Zhang, Chen Wang, Ronghao Liu, Junyuan Liu, Ebenezer Raj Selvaraj Mercyshalinie, Yan Cui, Hayden A Peek, Lillian J Dai, Yuye Ling, Lauren E Dockery, Qinggong Tang
{"title":"Evaluating the Efficacy of Mebendazole Repurposing for Ovarian Cancer Therapy Using Optical Coherence Tomography.","authors":"Rajani Rai, Qinghao Zhang, Bornface M Mutembei, Feng Yan, Kaustubh Pandit, Ke Zhang, Chen Wang, Ronghao Liu, Junyuan Liu, Ebenezer Raj Selvaraj Mercyshalinie, Yan Cui, Hayden A Peek, Lillian J Dai, Yuye Ling, Lauren E Dockery, Qinggong Tang","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer (OvCa) remains the leading cause of gynecological cancer mortality, with most patients developing chemoresistance. Drug repurposing offers promising alternatives, with mebendazole (MBZ) showing anticancer activity. This study evaluates MBZ efficacy using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). We conducted longitudinal imaging of 40 wild-type (WT) and cisplatin-resistant (CPR) OVCAR8 multicellular tumor spheroids over 11 days. Four analyses were performed: volume analysis, optical attenuation analysis, uniformity analysis, and texture feature analysis. Volume analysis showed MBZ reduced spheroid growth in both groups, with greater effects in CPR-MCTs. Optical attenuation analysis revealed increased necrotic tissue ratios in treated spheroids. Uniformity analysis demonstrated MBZ targets heterogeneous tissues effectively. Texture analysis identified significant structural changes, with 866 altered features in CPR spheroids versus 124 in WT spheroids. Cell viability assays confirmed MBZ's effectiveness against standard and chemo-resistant OVCAR8 tumors. This study demonstrates SD-OCT's utility for noninvasive therapy monitoring in 3D cancer models.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boris Yakimov, Polina Vishnyakova, Ustina Bagrianskaia, Elena Gantsova, Alexander Markin, Timur Fatkhudinov, Evgeny Shirshin
{"title":"Autofluorescence Flow Cytometry for Macrophages Analysis: Polarization, Stress Conditions, and Atherosclerosis Model.","authors":"Boris Yakimov, Polina Vishnyakova, Ustina Bagrianskaia, Elena Gantsova, Alexander Markin, Timur Fatkhudinov, Evgeny Shirshin","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophages (MΦs) are integral cellular components responsible for immune response and tissue homeostasis. Evaluation of their pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) polarization states, along with their metabolic profiles, typically conducted via flow cytometry, is crucial for assessing the immune status of an organism. Traditional flow cytometry relies on extrinsic fluorescent labels, which may interfere with cellular function. Here, using multispectral flow cytometry, we demonstrate how the autofluorescence profiles of human monocyte-derived macrophages change under M1/M2 polarization, hypoxia and starvation stress factors, and interaction with low-density lipoproteins as an atherosclerosis model. Extending these findings to clinical samples, we demonstrated that leukocyte AF profiles could distinguish atherosclerosis patients from healthy controls with a ROC-AUC of 0.84 ± 0.09, advanced predictive models. These findings highlight AF as a sensitive, non-invasive tool for assessing macrophage activation and metabolic states, with potential applications in atherosclerosis diagnostics and immune cell phenotyping.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Six Hundred and Sixty Nanometer Light Exposure-Induced Alterations in Actin Filament, Mitochondrial Morphological Dynamics, and Migration in Mesenchymal Stem Cells.","authors":"Mahima Rastogi, Khageswar Sahu, Shovan Kumar Majumder","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202400544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202400544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actin cytoskeleton alteration and cell homing/migration are crucial determinants for the success of stem cell (SC) based therapy. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a promising non-pharmacological approach for modulating SC potency. Though ~660 nm is the most studied wavelength for the proliferation/differentiation of SCs, the migration and cytoskeleton remodeling aspects have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we report the effect of ~660 nm on actin filaments, mitochondrial morphological dynamics, along with the migration of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs). Exposure to ~660 nm (~15 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) elicits rapid actin fiber rearrangement leading to elongated, parallel fibers, and mitochondrial granulation along the leading edge of cell migration. In addition, 660 nm (~15 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) also enhances cell proliferation, ATP, and ROS levels. These ultrastructural and biochemical alterations, in conjunction with the increased cell migration, shed new light on mechanistic perspectives to elicit enhanced homing/migration in SCs and would help in further optimization of ~660 nm based SC priming.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202400544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pascal Detampel, Wolf Heusermann, Katarzyna M Wojcik, Bryan G Yipp, Matthias Amrein
{"title":"Comparing Imaging Depth of Intravital Lung Imaging Using Perfluorocarbon-Based Liquid Ventilation With Tissue Clearing for Deep-Tissue Imaging.","authors":"Pascal Detampel, Wolf Heusermann, Katarzyna M Wojcik, Bryan G Yipp, Matthias Amrein","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbio.202500145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intravital lung imaging has been employed to study physiological and pathophysiological processes related to nanoparticle deposition in the alveolar lung, particularly in the context of air pollution and drug delivery. However, optical imaging depth is limited, often attributed to the refractive index (RI) mismatch at the alveolar air-tissue interface. To investigate this, we evaluated two complementary strategies. First, we demonstrated that eliminating the RI mismatch via partial liquid ventilation with oxygenated perfluorocarbon (PFC) did not enhance the imaging depth. A second approach, utilizing ex vivo optical tissue clearing (with RI matching), was only successful in improving imaging penetration depth if it included removal of scattering lipids such as pulmonary surfactant. Nevertheless, partial liquid ventilation with PFC in vivo enabled the homogeneous delivery of nanoparticles to the alveoli, allowing real-time observation of their interactions with lung epithelium. This finding opens new avenues for studying inhaled particulates and optimizing inhalation-based drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Precise Identification of Gastric Cancer Pathological Differentiation Based on Hyperspectral Imaging and Lightweight Deep Learning Models.","authors":"Yutao Ma, Ruoyu Zhou, Zhengshuai Jiang, Chongxuan Tian, Rui Meng, Shuyan Zhang, Wei Li, Hongbo Ren","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate classification of gastric cancer differentiation is crucial for prognosis and treatment decisions. In this study, we propose a lightweight deep learning model-Improved Deep Residual Network (IDRN)-combined with hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to achieve precise identification of gastric cancer tissues. The model incorporates spectral preprocessing, dimensionality reduction, and a residual CNN with attention mechanisms to enhance feature extraction while maintaining efficiency. Comparative experiments with SVM, ResNet50, and ViT models show that IDRN achieves superior performance, particularly in identifying poorly differentiated tissues. Our approach provides a promising tool for computer-aided diagnosis and offers potential for clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monise Mendes Rocha, Rafael Zaratin Beltramin, Fabiano Politti, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, Sandra Gouveia Spínola, Amanda Rafaelly Honório Mandetta, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Ana Paula Taboada Sobral, Cinthya Cosme Gutierrez Duran, Lara Jansiski Motta, Sandra Kalil Bussadori
{"title":"Effects of Photobiomodulation on Orofacial Function and Electromyography in Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome: A Preliminary Case Series.","authors":"Monise Mendes Rocha, Rafael Zaratin Beltramin, Fabiano Politti, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, Sandra Gouveia Spínola, Amanda Rafaelly Honório Mandetta, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Ana Paula Taboada Sobral, Cinthya Cosme Gutierrez Duran, Lara Jansiski Motta, Sandra Kalil Bussadori","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500294","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbio.202500294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Down syndrome (DS) causes motor and cognitive impairments, including hypotonia that compromises orofacial functions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report the effects of LED photobiomodulation (PBM) on masticatory muscle stability and orofacial function in children and adolescents with DS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five individuals with DS underwent three PBM sessions. Orofacial function was assessed using the NOT-S protocol and electromyography measured masseter and temporalis muscle activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electromyography showed greater muscle stability, reduced variability in electrical signals, and more balanced chewing forces. The NOT-S indicated improvements in nasal breathing and salivation control. However, discrepancies were observed between clinical findings and questionnaire responses, mainly in chewing function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PBM with red LED may represent a promising complementary approach for supporting orofacial function and muscle stability in children and adolescents with DS. However, these preliminary observations require confirmation through future studies with larger, more homogeneous samples and long-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lusine Tsarukyan, Anahit Badalyan, Michael Schwab, Kerstin Bellmann, Tigran Galstian, André Marette, Rafael Drampyan
{"title":"Non-Invasive Study of Bacteria Mobility by Lithium Niobate Crystal-Based Light-Induced Photovoltaic Tweezers.","authors":"Lusine Tsarukyan, Anahit Badalyan, Michael Schwab, Kerstin Bellmann, Tigran Galstian, André Marette, Rafael Drampyan","doi":"10.1002/jbio.202500235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the results of an experimental study of the movement and trapping of Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in broth suspensions, under photovoltaic fields generated by an optical Bessel beam illumination of the surface of a lithium niobate crystal (photovoltaic tweezers). The study was performed using a phase-sensitive transmission microscope. Experiments showed that the direct electrical interactions are suppressed due to the screening of the negative charge of bacteria by Na<sup>+</sup> counterions present in broth media because of the dissociation of NaCl in the water. The immobilization and trapping of ~95% of bacteria in the area of the recorded hologram (~2 mm<sup>2</sup>) require ~40 min. The velocity map of bacteria movement in the photovoltaic lattice is constructed. The formation and destruction of bacterial chains are also observed and discussed. The proposed method is a non-invasive microscopy technique with inserted chip-scale photovoltaic tweezers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"e202500235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}