IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems最新文献_第4页

Guest Editorial: Selected Papers From the 2024 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference 特邀编辑：2024 年 IEEE 国际固态电路会议论文选

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3507312

Alison Burdett;Maysam Ghovanloo;Roman Genov;Mehdi Kiani

引用次数: 0

A Wireless Implantable Closed-Loop Electrochemical Drug Delivery System.

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3507022

Max L Wang, Pyungwoo Yeon, Mohammad Mofidfar, Christian Chamberlayne, Haixia Xu, Justin P Annes, Richard N Zare, Amin Arbabian

{"title":"A Wireless Implantable Closed-Loop Electrochemical Drug Delivery System.","authors":"Max L Wang, Pyungwoo Yeon, Mohammad Mofidfar, Christian Chamberlayne, Haixia Xu, Justin P Annes, Richard N Zare, Amin Arbabian","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3507022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3507022","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless implantable drug delivery systems (DDSs) enable targeted, on-demand drug release to maximize therapeutic efficacy. Ultrasound has been proposed to wirelessly power and control millimeter-sized deeply implantable DDSs, but initial demonstrations encountered challenges in power transfer and release control reliability in dynamic in vivo environments. In this work, we present a closed-loop implantable DDS using ultrasound wireless power and communication in conjunction with an electrochemical drug release mechanism. The system consists of piezoelectric transducers for wireless power and data transmission, a drug delivery module containing drug-loaded electroresponsive nanoparticles, and a custom CMOS integrated circuit for closed-loop drug release using a programmable potentiostat capable of providing potentials up to ±1.5 V and sensing current up to ±100 μA. The chip also improves power transfer robustness by enabling ultrasound power combining and rectifier voltage feedback which can be used to adapt the power transmitter and minimize misalignment. Closed-loop release control is tested in vitro using the wirelessly powered DDS at 8 cm depth by adjusting the potentiostat stimulus voltage based on feedback of redox current into fluorescein-loaded nanoparticles, resulting in consistent 2 μg release across different fluorescein loading concentrations and a 39% reduction in release amount variation. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of closed-loop release control in enabling precise and reliable drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hardware Optimization and Implementation of a 16-Channel Neural Tree Classifier for On-Chip Closed-Loop Neuromodulation 用于片上闭环神经调节的 16 通道神经树分类器的硬件优化与实现。

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3505423

Anal Prakash Sharma;K. Akhilesh Rao;Laxmeesha Somappa

{"title":"Hardware Optimization and Implementation of a 16-Channel Neural Tree Classifier for On-Chip Closed-Loop Neuromodulation","authors":"Anal Prakash Sharma;K. Akhilesh Rao;Laxmeesha Somappa","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3505423","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3505423","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the development of on-chip machine learning (ML) classifiers for implantable neuromodulation system-on-chips (SoCs), aimed at detecting epileptic seizures for closed-loop neuromodulation applications. Tree-based classifiers have gained prominence due to low on-chip memory requirements for binary classification. This work focuses on optimizing hardware performance and associated trade-offs from two fronts, namely, (a) implementation of the Neural Tree (NT) classifier using model compression techniques and (b) design of feature extraction engine (FEE) using FIR filters and time-division multiplexed hardware optimizations. We provide insights into how model compression techniques of Neural Networks like weight pruning and weight sharing can be exploited to reduce the memory requirement of Neural Tree inference hardware. Both these techniques effectively reduce non-zero weights and therefore help to reduce memory requirements. We also detail the choice of feature extraction engine (FEE) hardware to extract temporal and spectral features and the relevant area-power-attenuation trade-offs for spectral feature extraction. The end-to-end hardware comprising the FEE, the Neural Tree classifier and serial peripherals are tested on a Zynq-7000 series SoC using pre-recorded patient data. The SoC-based evaluation platform allows rapid testing of various model optimizations on hardware using AXI protocol. The entire system, trained on data from the CHB-MIT scalp EEG database, achieved a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 94.3%, with an on-chip memory of 0.59 kB. Implementing the design in a 65nm CMOS process resulted in a worst-case power of 174 <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>W and an area of 0.16 mm<inline-formula><tex-math>${}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. These findings along with the optimizations mark significant progress toward energy-efficient, scalable neuromodulation systems capable of real-time neurological disorder prediction.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"19 2","pages":"244-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis and circuit design of imbalanced impedance channels for conductive intracardiac communication.

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3504832

Han Wang, Dongming Li, Mang I Vai, Sio Hang Pun, Jiejie Yang, Hung Chun Li, Yueming Gao

{"title":"Analysis and circuit design of imbalanced impedance channels for conductive intracardiac communication.","authors":"Han Wang, Dongming Li, Mang I Vai, Sio Hang Pun, Jiejie Yang, Hung Chun Li, Yueming Gao","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3504832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3504832","url":null,"abstract":"Conductive Intracardiac Communication (CIC) uses cardiac tissue as a transmission medium for short-range wireless communication and is a potential method for enabling leadless multi-chamber pacing. However, the characterization of the intracardiac channel is significantly influenced by the experimental setup and conditions. The reported results in the literature vary depending on the measurement methods used, posing challenges in obtaining reliable channel characterization for CIC. In this paper, we aim to investigate the effects of different measurement devices and conditions on the intracardiac channel. By clarifying how impedance imbalance affects the gain measurement results, we design a weak-signal measurement circuit with high common-mode rejection. This new circuit provides a more accurate and effective gain measurement scheme for the CIC channel. An equivalent circuit model simulating cardiac biomechanical impedance is constructed to analyze how capacitive and resistive imbalances affect the gain measurement results. The effects of these imbalances are verified by intracardiac channel impedance imbalance experiments. A high common-mode rejection-high-resistance differential measurement circuit that can reduce the effects of capacitive and resistive imbalances simultaneously, is then designed to suppress the interference in the experiments. The results show that changes in the measurement equipment and isolation method lead to variations in the coupling circuit characteristics, causing differences of up to 16.65 dB in the measurement results. Experiments using the designed measurement circuits effectively mitigate interference from impedance imbalance on the measurement results. This study identifies the reasons behind the discrepancies in the experimental results of previous studies and provides a more reliable gain measurement scheme for CIC research.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Energy-Efficient Stimulation System Based on Adaptive Dynamic Voltage Switching Control for Cochlear Implants.

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3497585

Woojin Ahn, Kim-Hoang Nguyen, Hoseung Lee, Kyou Sik Min, Sohmyung Ha, Minkyu Je

{"title":"An Energy-Efficient Stimulation System Based on Adaptive Dynamic Voltage Switching Control for Cochlear Implants.","authors":"Woojin Ahn, Kim-Hoang Nguyen, Hoseung Lee, Kyou Sik Min, Sohmyung Ha, Minkyu Je","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3497585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3497585","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and validation of a stimulation system for cochlear implants, addressing primary challenges in their power management, including variable supply conditions, multi-channel stimulation demands, and the necessity for swift, real-time data handling. The proposed stimulation system employs an adaptive dynamic voltage switching (ADVS) block and a single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) boost converter to generate and selectively assign optimal voltage levels to each stimulation channel. This strategic selection, governed remotely via an external sound processor and adaptively controlled by a compliance monitoring circuit, facilitates dynamic voltage adjustments within sub-μs, enhancing system responsiveness and energy efficiency. Fabricated in a 180-nm BCD process, the system's functionality and efficiency have been validated by measurements, showing an enhancement in battery life up to 13.5% which translates into an extra 3.4 hours of operational time. Through the integration of ADVS, the proposed system not only enhances the performance of cochlear implants, but also ensures the adaptability and effectiveness in real-world environments.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Energy-Efficient and Artifact-Resilient ASIC for Simultaneous Neural Recording and Optogenetic Stimulation. 用于同时进行神经记录和光遗传刺激的高能效、抗伪原创 ASIC。

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3495652

Linran Zhao, Yan Gong, Raymond G Stephany, Wei Shi, Wen Li, Yaoyao Jia

{"title":"An Energy-Efficient and Artifact-Resilient ASIC for Simultaneous Neural Recording and Optogenetic Stimulation.","authors":"Linran Zhao, Yan Gong, Raymond G Stephany, Wei Shi, Wen Li, Yaoyao Jia","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3495652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3495652","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) fabricated using the CMOS 180 nm process to perform simultaneous neural recording and optogenetic stimulation. To perform effective optogenetic stimulation, the ASIC features an advanced switched-capacitor-based stimulation (SCS) driver, called voltage-boosting SCS (VB-SCS). The VB-SCS can drive LED with large current pulses up to 8 mA while reducing the required supply voltage by half, facilitating wireless power reception. To prevent saturation from stimulation-induced artifacts, the ASIC integrates a direct digitizing recording frontend with a high-resolution delta-sigma (ΔΣ) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that directly digitizes neural signals with a large input dynamic range. This ΔΣ ADC involves a Gm-C integrator followed by a noise-shaping (NS) successive approximation register (SAR) quantizer. Measurement results indicate that this ΔΣ ADC-based direct digitizing frontend can tolerate large artifacts up to 300 mVPP while linearly digitizing neural signals with an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 11.4 bits, consuming 10.8 μW. The ASIC, together with its associated passive components, was assembled into a headstage for in vivo verification, successfully demonstrating the functionality of the ASIC.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated Real-Time CMOS Luminescence Sensing and Impedance Spectroscopy in Droplet Microfluidics 液滴微流体中的集成实时 CMOS 发光传感和阻抗光谱技术

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3491594

Qijun Liu;Diana Arguijo Mendoza;Alperen Yasar;Dilara Caygara;Aya Kassem;Douglas Densmore;Rabia Tugce Yazicigil

{"title":"Integrated Real-Time CMOS Luminescence Sensing and Impedance Spectroscopy in Droplet Microfluidics","authors":"Qijun Liu;Diana Arguijo Mendoza;Alperen Yasar;Dilara Caygara;Aya Kassem;Douglas Densmore;Rabia Tugce Yazicigil","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3491594","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3491594","url":null,"abstract":"High-throughput biosensor screening and optimization are critical for health and environmental monitoring applications to ensure rapid and accurate detection of biological and chemical targets. Traditional biosensor design and optimization methods involve labor-intensive processes, such as manual pipetting of large sample volumes, making them low throughput and inefficient for large-scale library screenings under various environmental and chemical conditions. We address these challenges by introducing a modular droplet microfluidic system embedded with custom CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) for impedance spectroscopy and bioluminescence detection. Fabricated in a 65 nm process, our CMOS ICs enable efficient droplet detection and analysis. We demonstrate successful sensing of luciferase enzyme-substrate reactions in nL-volume droplets. The impedance spectroscopy chip detects 4 nL droplets at 67 mm/s with a 45 pA resolution, while the luminescence detector senses optical signals from 38 nL droplets with a 6.7 nA/count resolution. We show real-time concurrent use of both detection methods within our hybrid platform for cross-validation. This system greatly advances conventional biosensor testing by increasing flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 6","pages":"1233-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic sub-array selection-based energy-efficient localization and tracking method to power implanted medical devices in scattering heterogenous media employing ultrasound. 基于动态子阵列选择的高能效定位和跟踪方法，利用超声波为散射异质介质中的植入式医疗设备供电。

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3487782

Anirudh Kumar Parag, Bogdan C Raducanu, Oguz Kaan Erden, Stefano Stanzione, Fabian Beutel, Chinmay Pendse, Chris Van Hoof, Nick Van Helleputte, Georges Gielen

{"title":"Dynamic sub-array selection-based energy-efficient localization and tracking method to power implanted medical devices in scattering heterogenous media employing ultrasound.","authors":"Anirudh Kumar Parag, Bogdan C Raducanu, Oguz Kaan Erden, Stefano Stanzione, Fabian Beutel, Chinmay Pendse, Chris Van Hoof, Nick Van Helleputte, Georges Gielen","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3487782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3487782","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound (US) as a wireless power transfer methodology has drawn considerable attention from the implantable medical devices (IMD) research community. Beamforming (BF) using an external transducer array patch (ETAP) has been proposed as a robust localization scheme to find a mm-sized IMD inside the human body. However, for applications focusing on deep and shallow IMDs, optimum resource utilization at the ETAP is a major power efficiency concern for energy-constrained wearable patches. Moreover, misalignment tolerance due to IMD movements (respiratory and patient ambulatory reasons) relative to the ETAP remains a challenge. This paper presents an energy-efficient method to localize a mm-sized IMD through the dynamic selection of a sub-array within the ETAP. It is fully adaptive to the heterogeneity of the media and requires no a priori knowledge of the IMD. To improve the tolerance to IMD movements, tracking is implemented by adding and subtracting elements on the sub-array such that the sub-array electrically follows the IMD movement. Furthermore, it is shown that a minimum sampling frequency of 10X the US frequency can improve the tolerance to random noise. K-wave simulations in MATLAB are performed in different heterogenous, scattering biological media to prove the efficacy of the proposed method over standard BF methods. Measurement results in heterogenous scattering media consisting of a 3D-printed human ribs phantom and a partially blocking multipath cancellous bone phantom show an energy efficiency improvement of 10.53X and 14.4X compared to the delay-and-sum beamforming method and the unfocused transmission employing all the elements of the ETAP, respectively.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Highly-Scalable Poisson-Coded Retinal Optogenetic Stimulator With Fully-Analog ED-Based Adaptive Spike Detection and Closed-Loop Calibration 一种高度可扩展的泊松编码视网膜光遗传刺激器，具有全模拟的基于ed的自适应尖峰检测和闭环校准

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3488713

Tayebeh Yousefi;Georg Zoidl;Hossein Kassiri

{"title":"A Highly-Scalable Poisson-Coded Retinal Optogenetic Stimulator With Fully-Analog ED-Based Adaptive Spike Detection and Closed-Loop Calibration","authors":"Tayebeh Yousefi;Georg Zoidl;Hossein Kassiri","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3488713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3488713","url":null,"abstract":"We present a fully implantable, inductively powered optogenetic stimulator that enhances stimulation efficacy and pathway specificity while maximizing energy efficiency and channel-count scalability. By leveraging opsins’ photon integration properties with raster scanning and Poisson-coded stimulation, we achieve a uniform power profile and reduce wiring complexity, enabling a scalable system that supports more stimulation channels without compromising safety or functionality, improving prosthetic vision resolution. We also employed a compact and power-efficient (0.026 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mm^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and 1.02 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000W overhead) SNR-boosted ADC-less spike detection circuit to adapt each LED's light intensity based on real-time feedback from RGC spiking cells. This closed-loop adaptivity adjusts stimulation to opsin distribution variations, over time and across different patients, ensuring effective and consistent stimulation across patients, enhancing both energy efficiency and visual perception quality. The 3 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$times$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 3 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mm^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 IC, fabricated in 180nm CMOS, is coupled with a 100-channel custom optrode array fabricated using an InGaN process on a sapphire substrate. Experimental results demonstrate circuit-level performance, system-level efficacy, and in-vitro validation. Comparison tables highlight our work's advantages over state-of-the-art implantable spike detection systems and retinal prostheses.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 6","pages":"1253-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Reconfigurable Bidirectional Wireless Power and Full-Duplex Data Transceiver IC for Wearable Biomedical Applications. 用于可穿戴生物医学应用的可重构双向无线电源和全双工数据收发器集成电路。

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3483950

Junhyuck Lee, Yemin Kim, Dongil Kang, Ickhyun Song, Byunghun Lee

{"title":"A Reconfigurable Bidirectional Wireless Power and Full-Duplex Data Transceiver IC for Wearable Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Junhyuck Lee, Yemin Kim, Dongil Kang, Ickhyun Song, Byunghun Lee","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3483950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3483950","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a reconfigurable bidirectional wireless power and data transceiver (RB-WPDT) integrated circuit (IC) for wearable biomedical applications. The proposed transceiver can be reconfigured as a differential class-D power amplifier or a full-wave rectifier depending on the mode signal to facilitate power transfer between devices. Additionally, the RBWPDT system supports full-duplex (FD) data transmission via a single inductive link, enabling real-time control and monitoring between devices. The proposed FD method utilizes frequency shift-keying pulse-width modulation (FSK-PWM) for downlink and load shift-keying (LSK) for uplink, achieving simultaneous bidirectional data transmission by ensuring that the FSK-PWM downlink and LSK uplink data channels operate independently with minimal interference. The measured downlink and uplink data rates are 250 kb/s and 67 kb/s, respectively. The measured overall DC-to-DC efficiency is 49%, while the power delivered to the load (PDL) is 120 mW at a 5 mm distance. The proposed chip is fabricated using a 180-nm BCD CMOS process.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0