IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems最新文献

{"title":"A Six-Transistor Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Enabling Chaotic Dynamics.","authors":"Swagat Bhattacharyya, Jennifer O Hasler","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2025.3526762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2025.3526762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrate-and-fire (I&F) neurons used in neuromorphic systems are traditionally optimized for low energy-per-spike and high density, often excluding the complex dynamics of biological neurons. Limited dynamics cause missed opportunities in applications such as modeling time-varying physical systems, where using a small number of neurons with rich nonlinearities can enhance network performance, even when rich neurons incur a marginally higher cost. By adding additional coupling into the gate of one transistor within an I&F neuron, we parsimoniously achieve a highly nonlinear system capable of exhibiting rich dynamics and chaos. The dynamics of this novel neuron include regular spiking, fast spiking, and chaotic chattering, and can be tuned via the neuron parameters and input current. We implement and experimentally demonstrate the behavior of our chaotic neuron and its subcircuits on a 350 nm field-programmable analog array. Experimental insights inform a compact simulation model, which validates experimental results and confirms that the additional coupling incites chaos. Results are corroborated with comparisons to traditional I&F neurons. Our chaotic circuit achieves the lowest area (0.0025 mm²), power draw (1.1-2.6 μW), and transistor count (6T) of any nondriven chaotic system in integrated CMOS thus far. We also demonstrate the utility of our neuron for neuroscience exploration and hardware security.</p>","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Time-Domain Multi-Channel Resistive-Sensor Interface IC With High Energy Efficiency and Wide Input Range","authors":"Sunglim Han;Hoyong Seong;Sein Oh;Jimin Koo;Hanbit Jin;Hye Jin Kim;Sohmyung Ha;Minkyu Je","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2025.3526813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2025.3526813","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 72-channel resistive-sensor interface integrated circuit (IC). The proposed IC consists of 8 sensor oscillator units and a reference clock generator. The sensor oscillator (S-OSC) units generate pulses with pulse widths dependent on the sensor input values, and the pulses are oversampled by the reference clock using frequency dividers. The time-domain signals are fed to the time-to-digital converters (TDCs) and converted to digital values. Each S-OSC unit is time-multiplexed to measure the resistance values from 9 sensors. Multiple phases from a highly energy-efficient phase-locked loop (PLL) are used for the TDCs, resulting in a signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR) that exceeds the intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sensor oscillators. This results in an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 9.3 bits at 310 pJ per channel. The maximum ENOB that can be achieved with a division ratio (N) of 256 is 14.1 bits and can be adjusted by changing N. Using this time-domain interface approach, the IC converts the sensor resistances directly into time, extending its measurement capabilities to 10 M<inline-formula><tex-math>$Omega$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The proposed IC, designed and fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS process with an active area of 0.015 mm<inline-formula><tex-math>${}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, consumes only 15.07 <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>W per channel, resulting in a channel-specific Walden figure of merit (FoM) of 0.48 pJ per conversion step. In addition, by tuning N, the IC achieves an outstanding Schreier FoM of 159.8 dB in high-resolution scenarios.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"19 2","pages":"291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Motion-Artifact-Tolerant Biopotential-Recording IC With a Digital-Assisted Loop","authors":"Yegeun Kim;Changhun Seok;Yoontae Jung;Soon-Jae Kweon;Sohmyung Ha;Minkyu Je","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3525071","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3525071","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a motion-artifact-tolerant multi-channel biopotential-recording IC. A simple counter-based digital-assisted loop (DAL), implemented entirely with digital circuits, is proposed to track motion artifacts. The DAL effectively tracks motion artifacts without signal loss for amplitudes up to 120 mV with a 10 Hz bandwidth and can accommodate even larger motion artifacts, up to 240 mV, with a 5 Hz bandwidth, demonstrating its robustness across various conditions and motion artifact ranges. The IC includes four analog front-end (AFE) channels, and they share the following programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in a time-multiplexed manner. It supports a programmable gain from 20 dB to 54 dB. Furthermore, the chopper with an analog DC-servo loop (DSL) is added to cancel out electrode DC offsets (EDO) and achieve a low noise level by removing the 1/f noise. The proposed IC fabricated in a 0.18-<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m CMOS technology process achieves an input-referred noise (IRN) of 0.71 <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>V<inline-formula><tex-math>${}_{textrm{rms}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> over a bandwidth of 0.5 to 500 Hz and a signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of 63.34 dB. It consumes 5.74 <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>W of power and occupies an area of 0.40 mm<inline-formula><tex-math>${}^{textrm{2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> per channel. As a result, the proposed IC can record various biopotential signals thanks to its artifact-tolerant and low-noise characteristics.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"19 2","pages":"280-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 402 MHz and 1.73-VCE Resonance Regulating Rectifier with On-Chip Antennas for Bioimplants.","authors":"Guoao Liu, Yuanqi Hu","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3523913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3523913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, a wireless power transfer (WPT) system composed of a voltage-mode fully integrated resonance regulating rectifier (IR³) and an on-chip antenna running at 402 MHz has been designed for bioimplants in deep tissue. The proposed IR³, including a 200 pF decoupling capacitor, is implemented in a 0.22 mm² active area in the 180-nm CMOS process. A charging duration based regulation compensation circuit offers a low ripple factor of 0.3% at a 1.8 V output voltage and a high voltage conversion efficiency (VCE) of 1.73 to overcome the low inductive coupling coefficient (under 0.01) due to the deep implant scenario. And a clock gating VCDL-based on-&-off delay compensation scheme is proposed to compensate for the phase error of the IR³. Performing rectification and regulation simultaneously in a single stage, the IR³ effectively enhances power conversion efficiency. The whole system achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 65% with a 1.5 mW load. In addition, digital control-based compensation circuits also improve its transient response performance, the 1% setting time is only 6.9 μs when the load changes from 65 μW to 1.5 mW.</p>","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Portable Chip-Based Overhauser DNP Platform for Biomedical Liquid Sample Analysis","authors":"Qing Yang;Hadi Lotfi;Frederik Dreyer;Michal Kern;Bernhard Blümich;Jens Anders","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3521033","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3521033","url":null,"abstract":"Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instruments are an indispensable tool in industrial research and quality control. However, the intrinsically low spin polarization at low magnetic fields severely limits their detection sensitivity and measurement throughput, preventing their widespread use in biomedical analysis. Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) effectively addresses this problem by transferring the spin polarization from free electrons to protons, significantly enhancing sensitivity. In this paper, we explore the potential of using ODNP for signal enhancement in a custom-designed portable chip-based DNP-enhanced NMR platform, which is centered around a miniaturized microwave (MW) transmitter, a custom-designed NMR-on-a-chip transceiver, and two application-specific ODNP probes. The MW transmitter provides frequency synthesis, signal modulation, and power amplification, providing sufficient output power for efficient polarization transfer. The NMR-on-a-chip transceiver combines a radio frequency (RF) transmitter with a fully differential quadrature receiver, providing pulsed excitation and NMR signal down-conversion and amplification. Two custom-designed ODNP probes are used for proof-of-concept DNP-enhanced NMR relaxometry and spectroscopy measurements. The presented chip-based ODNP platform achieves a maximum MW output power of <inline-formula><tex-math>$34 textrm{dBm}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, resulting in a signal enhancement of <inline-formula><tex-math>$-162$</tex-math></inline-formula> using the relaxometry ODNP probe with <inline-formula><tex-math>$1.4 mutextrm{L}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula><tex-math>$10 textrm{mM}$</tex-math></inline-formula> non-degassed TEMPOL solution, and an enhancement of <inline-formula><tex-math>$-63$</tex-math></inline-formula> with the spectroscopy ODNP probe using <inline-formula><tex-math>$50 textrm{nL}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of the same solution. The proton polarization was increased from <inline-formula><tex-math>$0.5times 10^{-6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math>$81times 10^{-6}$</tex-math></inline-formula> at a low field of <inline-formula><tex-math>$0.16 textrm{T}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Proof-of-concept measurements on radical-doped tattoo inks and acetic acid verify the potential of our chip-based ODNP platform for the analysis of biologically and medically relevant parameters such as relaxation times, chemical shifts, and hyperfine interactions.","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"19 2","pages":"257-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems Vol. 18","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3519932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3519932","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 6","pages":"1385-1410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10810376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 153.4 dB-DR PPG Recording IC with Extended Counting and Hardware Reuse.","authors":"Tingting Wei, Hang Chen, Jiahui Lai, Jinhua Ni, Xiaoyang Zeng, Zhiliang Hong","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3517834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3517834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoplethysmogram (PPG) is widely used in wearable devices for health monitoring. High-precision signals are essential for medical diagnostics. However, motion artifacts in these devices can cause significant ambient light variation during PPG recording. This paper presents an accurate PPG recording front end with enhanced ambient light rejection (ALR). Quantization noise in a second-order sigma-delta modulator (SDM), used for direct current conversion, is reduced by extended counting of the modulator's residue. The first integrator of the SDM and the residue analog-to-digital converter (ADC) are reused in ALR circuits. The correlated double sampling (CDS) technique is enhanced by applying a first-order approximation of ambient light. Gain error in the residue ADC is reduced by charge compensation. The PPG front-end, implemented in a 180 nm process, achieves a dynamic range (DR) of 153.4 dB within a bandwidth of 20 Hz. The system operates with a minimum 1.28% duty cycle. Measurements of heart rate and blood oxygen at the fingertip and wrist verify the functionality of the PPG front end.</p>","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3511193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3511193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 6","pages":"1382-1382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10783937","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blank Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3511176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3511176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 6","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10783941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3485302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3485302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94031,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems","volume":"18 6","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10783938","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}