European journal of breast health最新文献

{"title":"Quality of Life and Age-Related Predictor Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors Undergoing Hormone Therapy: A Study from the Northern Region of Morocco.","authors":"Fadoua El Battioui, Abdelouahid Louazi, Noura Boukil, Zohra Ben Allal, Rajae Alloudane, Said Barrijal","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-5-4","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-5-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of breast cancer (BC) survivors during adjuvant hormone therapy (AHT) as a function of age and to identify predictor symptoms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was based on a cross-sectional survey of 216 BC survivors undergoing AHT, in the Northern Region of Morocco. HRQoL was assessed using a validated HRQoL questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment (FACT-ES). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictor symptoms for the subscales of the FACT-ES.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Younger women (<45 years) had lower scores on the emotional well-being subscale (<i>p</i> = 0.021). Irritability (b: -0.786; p = 0.001) and mood swings (b: -0.835; <i>p</i> = 0.031) were the strongest negative predictors of emotional quality of life. In both age groups, items related to social support had a positive effect on survivors' social HRQoL (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BC survivors' HRQoL during AHT differed by age group. Emotional problems negatively influenced HRQoL in younger women. Knowledge of the symptoms that predict HRQoL in BC survivors may help clinicians develop personalized interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"115-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-Related Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR45.","authors":"Ali Haider Asad, Praschaya Kaushik, Jehath Syed, Janhavi P Kherodkar, Sanskruti R Katkar, Aman Chaudhary, Asavari Raut","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-12-1","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-12-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire for Breast Cancer (EORTC QLQ-BR45) in conjunction with the Core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the oncology department of a tertiary care hospital for six months. Patients aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with breast cancer, and who had received at least three chemotherapy cycles were included in the study. The EORTC (QLQ-BR45 and QLQ-C30) questionnaires were used to assess HRQoL at chemotherapy cycle 3 (C3) and at C6 and C9. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests for significance (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed improved global health status (C3:37.29%, C6:42.37%, C9:50%), high cognitive functioning (C3:89.83%, C6:91.53%, C9:96.55%), but decreasing emotional functioning (C3:66.10%, C6:49.15%, C9:36.21%). Symptom burden peaked in the sixth cycle but diminished over time with a trend towards fatigue (C3:64.41%, C6:67.80%, C9:37.93%), dyspnea (C3:54.24%, C6:55.93%, C9:32.76%), and pain (C3:42.37%, C6:52.54%, C9:34.48%). The study indicated satisfaction with body image (C3:61.02%, C6:67.80%, C9:67.24%) but decreased sexual functioning (C3:40.68%, C6:44.07%, C9:46.55%). Distress related to hair loss (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) increased over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was increased symptom burden at C6, underscoring the need for early interventions. We observed severe symptoms in elderly. However, lack of comorbidities and metastasis improved the emotional wellbeing in patients. These findings accentuate the importance of personalized and holistic care approaches in oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"162-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organized Breast Cancer Screening in Diabetic Women: A Prospective Study Among 100,000 Women from the Grand-Est Region (France), from 2020 to 2022.","authors":"Maurine Parrent, Elisa Filiu, Tolga Ozmen, Odile Blanchard, Ouarda Pereira, Carole Mathelin","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-1-4","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The risk of breast cancer in type 2 diabetic women is increased by 10-20%. Diabetic women have a higher risk of being diagnosed with advanced breast cancer and having complications with its treatments. In France, women aged between 50 and 74 years old are invited to undergo organized breast cancer screening (OBCS). The objective of this study was to evaluate OBCS participation in a large cohort of diabetic women.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Based on data from Social Security reimbursement databases, we studied OBCS participation rate of 50-74 years old diabetic women from the Grand-Est region (France) between 2020 and 2022, according to four age brackets and their geographical areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2020, among the 99,302 diabetic women, 16,340 (16.45%) underwent OBCS versus 24% in the general population. In 2021, among the 100,390 diabetic women, 20,914 (20.83%) underwent OBCS, versus 29% in the general population. In 2022, among the 101,694 diabetic women, 18,576 (18.27%) underwent OBCS, versus 24% in the general population. OBCS participation in 50-54 years old and 70-74 years olds were significantly lower (<i>p</i><0.0001 in 2020; <i>p</i><0.0001 in 2021; <i>p</i><0.0037 in 2022). There was a significant link between OBSC participation and geographical area (<i>p</i><0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The OBCS participation rate in women with type 2 diabetes was significantly lower than the general population, and associated with age and area. These findings suggest a need to inform patients and health care professionals about the higher risk of breast cancer in diabetic women to improve OBCS rates with the proven associated health benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Significance and Molecular Classification of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ashok Kumar Dogra, Archana Prakash, Sanjay Gupta, Meenu Gupta","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-10-2","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-10-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer defined by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. Despite accounting for 15-20% of all breast cancer cases, TNBC is associated with poor prognosis and a high likelihood of recurrence and metastasis. Understanding the molecular subtypes of TNBC is important for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes. This systematic review aimed to assess the prognostic significance of molecular subtypes of TNBC and the implications for therapeutic management. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to identify studies focusing on the molecular classification of TNBC and its prognostic relevance. Studies were included based on specific inclusion criteria, including original research evaluating clinical outcomes and survival data in molecularly classified TNBC cohorts. Data were extracted, synthesized, and analyzed to determine the prognostic implications of different TNBC subtypes. The review identified several distinct molecular subtypes of TNBC, including basal-like, mesenchymal, immune-modulatory, and luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtypes. Basal-like TNBC was associated with poor prognosis and high rates of recurrence, while immune-modulatory TNBC exhibited better survival outcomes, particularly in patients with high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Mesenchymal and LAR subtypes exhibited diverse clinical behavior and varying therapeutic responses. Furthermore, key prognostic biomarkers, such as <i>BRCA1/2</i> mutations and programmed death-ligand 1 expression, were highlighted which have therapeutic implications. Molecular classification of TNBC provides valuable prognostic information and guides therapeutic strategies. Integrating molecular subtyping into clinical decision-making will be essential for the development of personalized treatments and improved outcomes for TNBC patients. However, further research is needed to refine classification systems and address existing therapeutic gaps in TNBC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"101-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound Imaging and Guidance for Tamoxifen-Associated Achilles Tendinopathy.","authors":"Berkay Yalçınkaya, Ahmet Furkan Çolak, Murat Kara, Levent Özçakar","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-12-5","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-12-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"188-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Quality of Life: The Effect of Complete Decongestive Therapy on Jordanian Women With Breast Cancer After Axillary Lymph Node Dissection.","authors":"Shaimaa Shamoun, Muayyad Ahmad","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-12-11","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-12-11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the incidence of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) between a control group and women with breast cancer who underwent complete decongestive therapy (CDT). Moreover, the quality of life (QOL) was assessed and compared between the intervention group receiving CDT and the control group.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental design with a purposeful sampling approach was employed for enrollment. All participants had undergone surgical interventions, specifically axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), for breast cancer at a public healthcare facility between February and July 2023. Over an 18-week period, the intervention group followed a structured CDT protocol, which included receiving skin care instructions, undergoing 30-minute manual lymphatic drainage sessions on the affected arm, wearing compression sleeves for 12 hours daily, and participating in exercise sessions three times per week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total 180 women, 90 in the CDT group and 90 controls were recruited. The CTD intervention group experienced a notable reduction in the incidence of BCRL development and a significant improvement in QOL across the three assessment times (baseline vs week 9 and week 9 vs week 18) during the study (<i>p</i><0.001). In contrast, the control group showed an increased rate of BCRL development and a significant decline in QOL when comparing the same three time points (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementing CDT within the first year following ALND led to a significant reduction in the incidence of BCRL and a marked improvement in the QOL for women with who underwent surgery and ALND for breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"122-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment to \"Adverse Effects of Intraparenchymal and Peritumoral Application of Isosulfan Blue Dye in Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis\".","authors":"Rachana Mehta, Shubham Kumar, Ranjana Sah","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-1-3","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"186-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Imaging: Correlation Between Axillary Lymph Nodes Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Pathological Lymphovascular Invasion in Patients With Invasive Breast Cancer.","authors":"Ahmad M Mounir, Farah Ahmed Shokeir, Ghada H Abd Elraouf","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-10-4","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-10-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Together with local invasion, one of the important characteristics of cancer is its capacity to spread, resulting in metastases. Before cancer cells metastasize to a secondary site, they must first enter and spread through the blood and lymph vasculature, this is known as lymphovascular invasion (LVI). This LVI and, to a much lesser extent, perineural and neural invasion are one of the biologic prerequisites for systemic spread and metastases. To evaluate the correlation between pre-operative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the ipsilateral enlarged axillary lymph nodes (LNs) and presence of LVI on post-operative pathology, in patients with invasive breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. It included 100 female patients (mean age, 49 years; range, 30-68 years) with invasive breast cancer, who underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and breast surgery. On pre-operative MRI, the ADC was calculated for the ipsilateral enlarged axillary LN. Presence or absence of LVI was assessed on post-operative histopathology. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate any correlation between the ADC value of the axillary LNs and LVI in these patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ADC value of the ipsilateral enlarged axillary LNs was significantly lower in LVI positive cases compared to LVI negative cases (0.735 × 10^-3 mm²/s) <i>vs.</i> (1.024 × 10^-3 mm²/s), (<i>p</i><0.001). Moreover, the mean Ki-67 in LVI positive cases was 46.12%, compared to 21.58% for LVI negative cases. This higher Ki-67 level in LVI positive cases indicates a greater degree of proliferation and thus the more aggressive nature of these tumors, and this was positively correlated with ADC values of the ipsilateral enlarged axillary LNs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In cases of invasive breast cancer, the ADC value of the ipsilateral enlarged axillary LNs assessed on pre-operative MRI, and Ki-67 status of the tumor were significantly correlated to the LVI status on histopathological assessment. This ADC value may be useful as a predictor of axillary LN involvement, metastasis, and prognosis in invasive breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"141-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Deficiency and Mastalgia: A Prospective Controlled Study on Prevalence and the Therapeutic Impact of Supplementation.","authors":"Goranta Navya Sree, Sanjay Kumar Yadav, Deepti Bala Sharma, Dhananjaya Sharma, Saket Shekhar","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-1-6","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and mastalgia and assess the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in alleviating mastalgia symptoms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective investigational study conducted in an Indian tertiary teaching centre. Participants were included if the presented with mastalgia and controls without mastalgia were also were recruited. Exclusion criteria were malignant pathology; fibroadenoma; other benign breast diseases; or recent therapeutic vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency was classified as <20 ng/mL. Women in the mastalgia group with deficiency received 60,000 IU weekly oral vitamin D for eight weeks. Symptom severity was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and follow-up intervals of 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Difference in serum vitamin D levels between groups and changes in VAS scores post-supplementation was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 200 women, including 100 with mastalgia and 100 without (control group), were recruited over two years.The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in the mastalgia group (25.29±7.7 ng/mL) compared to controls (31.46±8.5 ng/mL, <i>p</i><0.0001). Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in the mastalgia group (26% vs. 9%, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Post-supplementation, 46% of deficient patients in the mastalgia group reported symptom improvement, with 21% achieving complete resolution. However, 54% reported persistent symptoms despite achieving sufficient vitamin D levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in Indian women with mastalgia, and supplementation provides symptomatic relief for some patients. However, a significant proportion of patients continue to experience symptoms, suggesting other underlying factors contributing to mastalgia. Further research is needed to explore these factors and optimize management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"137-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male Breast Cancer in Portugal: A Descriptive Analysis of a 20-Year Cohort.","authors":"Maria Alexandra Montenegro, Tiago Dias Domingues, Teresa Mota Garcia, Rita Quaresma Ferreira, Ivánia Tavares Furtado, Rui Escaleira, Filipa R Verdasca, Diana Cardoso Simão, Leonor Fernandes, Sónia Duarte Oliveira","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-2-2","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignancy, representing less than 1% of all breast cancer cases. Despite the rising incidence, MBC research remains limited, with most data extrapolated from female breast cancer (FBC). This study evaluated the clinicopathological features, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes of MBC patients in Portugal over two decades.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of MBC cases from the Portuguese National Oncology registry (2001-2021) was conducted. Clinicopathological features, therapeutic strategies, and overall survival (OS) were assessed across three disease categories: localized, locally advanced, and metastatic. Hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression, and Ki-67 index were recorded, and survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 620 MBC cases were included with median age at diagnosis 68 years (interquartile range: 60-77). Localized disease accounted for 60.3% of the cases, locally advanced for 24.5%, and metastatic 15.2%. Most tumours were invasive carcinoma of no special type (86%), and hormone receptor-positive (estrogen receptor: 96.6%; progesterone receptor: 85.6%). HER2 -disease was noted in 11.6% of cases and triple-negative in 1.6%. Mastectomy was the primary surgical intervention while tamoxifen was the most widely used adjuvant endocrine therapy-exemestane therapy (A-ET). ET was the most prescribed first-line therapy. Median OS was 86 months for localized, 70 months for locally advanced, and 41 months for metastatic disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the unique challenges of MBC, including late-stage diagnoses and reliance on FBC-derived protocols. Findings suggest an urgent need for male-specific clinical trials and molecular research to optimise treatment and outcome. In Portugal increased awareness and early detection initiatives will be important to advance MBC care.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}