European journal of breast health最新文献

{"title":"Redefining Margin Assessment in Breast Conservation Surgery: Surgeon-Performed Intraoperative Ultrasound as a Reliable Alternative to Radiologic and Mammographic Assessment.","authors":"Tabrej Alam, Arvind Baghel, Devashish Mishra, Ranu Tiwari Mishra, Shyam Ji Rawat, Sanjay Kumar Yadav, Dhananjaya Sharma","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Accurate intraoperative margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is essential to minimize re-excision and preserve cosmesis. In resource-constrained settings, advanced imaging and frozen section analysis are often unavailable, and surgeons frequently rely on visual-tactile judgment. This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of surgeon-performed intraoperative specimen ultrasound (IOSpUS-S), radiologist-performed specimen ultrasound (IOSpUS-R), specimen mammography, and gross inspection against final histopathology.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective study included 40 patients with early breast cancer undergoing wide local excision at a tertiary centre in central India. Each excised specimen was evaluated intraoperatively, ex vivo, by gross inspection, IOSpUS (surgeon and radiologist), and specimen mammography. Diagnostic parameters, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and correlation with the final histopathological margins, were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine discriminative performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both surgeon- and radiologist-performed IOSpUS achieved identical diagnostic performance: sensitivity 100%, specificity 100.0%, PPV 100.0%, NPV 97.5%, and accuracy 97.6%. Specimen mammography showed similar results, whereas gross inspection had zero sensitivity but 100% specificity, with an overall accuracy of 95.0%. The mean histopathological margin width was 13.2±3.7 mm. IOSpUS showed a strong correlation with histopathology (<i>r</i> = 0.87 for surgeon-performed and <i>r</i> = 0.83 for radiologist-performed; <i>p</i><0.001). Only one patient (2.5%) had a close margin that was correctly identified by both IOSpUS modalities and mammography, but was missed on gross inspection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surgeon-performed IOSpUS provides real-time, workflow-efficient intraoperative margin assessment, with diagnostic performance comparable to that of radiologist-performed ultrasound and specimen mammography in this prospective cohort. In low-resource environments, gross examination, though less sensitive, remains a viable adjunct when imaging facilities are limited. A combined approach has the potential to reduce re-excision by supporting intraoperative decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147792904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Synovial Sarcoma of the Breast Initially Mimicking Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Case Report.","authors":"Ines Mkhinini, Hammadi Jawaher, Samar Knaz, Nour Rouis, Chayma Selmi, Amira Ounissi, Rania Boukadida, Yosra Fejji, Salwa Mejri, Ridha Fatnassi","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-10-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-10-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary synovial sarcoma of the breast is an extremely rare malignancy, representing less than 1% of breast tumors. Its clinical presentation can mimic other spindle cell neoplasms, including dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), making diagnosis challenging. We report the case of a 60-year-old postmenopausal woman presenting with a firm, mobile 10 cm mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast, classified on imaging as breast ımaging reporting and data System 4. A core needle biopsy initially suggested DFSP because of strong CD34 positivity. A simple mastectomy revealed a highly cellular, spindle-cell tumor arranged in fascicles, forming a characteristic whorled pattern. Immunohistochemistry showed CD34 negativity, transducin-like enhancer of split 1 positivity, B-cell lymphoma 2 positivity, and focal epithelial membrane antigen positivity. Molecular analysis confirmed SYT-SSX1 fusion, establishing the diagnosis of monophasic synovial sarcoma. Surgical margins were negative, and one-year follow-up showed that the patient remained disease-free. This case highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry and molecular testing for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-Generation Therapeutic Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Kalsoom Mohammed Saleem, Mahira Firudin Amirova, Javanshir Ali Rahimov, Khaleddin Novruz Musayev, Ellada Eldar Huseynova, Nigar Veli Melikova","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen and progesterone receptors, and estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, and is associated with early relapse, visceral metastasis, and limited targeted options. High-throughput profiling supports TNBC as a collection of molecularly distinct diseases with exploitable vulnerabilities across DNA-damage response, cell-cycle control, receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, metabolism, and anti-tumor immunity. Clinically, immune checkpoint blockade has shifted standards of care in selected settings, and biomarker enrichment is increasingly central to trial design. In parallel, DNA repair-directed approaches, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in BRCA1/2-mutant and homologous recombination-deficient tumors, are being extended through rational combinations that intensify replication stress (e.g., ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein, WEE1, or checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition) to deepen responses and delay resistance. Additional candidate targets, including androgen receptor-driven disease biology, epidermal growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling, and emerging antibody-drug conjugate antigens highlight the importance of matching therapy to subtype and tumor microenvironment context. Metabolic reprogramming (glycolysis, fatty-acid oxidation/synthesis, and amino-acid use) intersects with therapy resistance and may provide complementary combination opportunities. In this study, we synthesize recent advances in actionable TNBC pathways, summarize key preclinical and clinical evidence, and propose a pragmatic framework for biomarker-led combinations that integrate DNA repair, cell-cycle, metabolic, and immune vulnerabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Surgical Approach and Overall Survival in Young Women With Breast Cancer.","authors":"Christine V Pestana, Sally J Trufan, Wei Sha, Courtney R Schepel, Michelle L Wallander, Richard L White, Lejla Hadzikadic-Gusic","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-8-7","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-8-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mastectomy rates are increasing in young patients despite few data supporting improved outcomes. We investigated the association between surgical approach and survival in young patients with breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective review identified women ≤40 years old with operable, non-metastatic invasive breast cancer treated between 2010-2019. Cox proportional hazard analyses, stratified by hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, identified factors associated with increased risk of recurrence and death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 588 patients, 65% underwent mastectomy and 35% breast conserving surgery (BCS). Median follow-up was 5.9 years. Overall recurrence and mortality rates were 15% and 12%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, black race [hazard ratio (HR), 2.14 (1.26-3.61), <i>p</i> = 0.005], lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) [HR, 1.98 (1.17-3.36), <i>p</i> = 0.01], and extranodal extension [HR, 2.12 (1.09-4.12), <i>p</i> = 0.03] were associated with increased risk of death. Stage III disease [HR, 2.06 (1.05-4.03), <i>p</i> = 0.04] and LVSI [HR, 2.18 (1.43-3.32), <i>p</i><0.001] were associated with increased risk of recurrence. Increasing age decreased the risk of death [HR, 0.94 (0.88-0.99), <i>p</i> = 0.02] and recurrence [HR, 0.95 (0.90-0.99), <i>p</i> = 0.02]. Mastectomy versus BCS did not impact recurrence [HR, 1.18 (0.73-1.92), <i>p</i> = 0.51] or overall survival (OS) [HR, 0.86 (0.46-1.58), <i>p</i> = 0.62] in the entire cohort. BCS was associated with increased risk of recurrence in the hormone receptor-/HER2+ subtype [HR, 9.06 (1.03-80.00), <i>p</i> = 0.047] but did not affect survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OS does not differ by surgery type in young patients with breast cancer. Future research should focus on racial disparities in breast cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 2","pages":"171-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid-Rich Carcinoma of the Breast: A Rare but Aggressive Mammary Malignancy.","authors":"Omar Tluli, Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu, Semir Vranic","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-8-2","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-8-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 2","pages":"237-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Video Health Education on Breast Cancer Awareness and Self-Examination in the New Age of Digitalisation: Community-Based Evidence from a Developing Nation.","authors":"Rajashekhar Rao Muthineni, Suhani Suhani, Ravneet Kaur, Maroof A Khan, Mohit Kumar Joshi, Hemanga Kumar Bhattacharjee, Rajinder Parshad","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-9-4","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-9-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Developing nations with resource limited settings see a higher proportion of presentation at advanced stages of breast cancer compared to developed nations because of poor public awareness and lack of screening guidelines. This study aimed to assess the impact of a video-based teaching module on breast cancer awareness and self-examination among literate women in a developing country.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This quasi-experimental, community-based, intervention study was conducted among literate women of a metropolitan city in a developing country, to evaluate the impact of a video-based teaching module on breast cancer awareness and self-examination. Female school teachers over 25 years old with virtual platform access were included. Simple random sampling was used to select participant schools. The target sample size was 103 based on a reference study. An educational video and questionnaires were validated through expert and volunteer feedback, followed by baseline and follow-up surveys at 6 weeks and 10 weeks after intervention. The Friedman test for overall change in scores and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for pairwise comparison between time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey was completed by 181 participants. Mean (standard deviation) age was 41.79 (9.20) years. Median (interquartile range) cumulative score for the knowledge domain was 18 (14-21), 24 (19-32) and 25 (20-33) at baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks respectively with significant differences between each of these time points (<i>p</i><0.001). There was a significant increase in the number of participants with a median score of 3 at 6 and 10 weeks compared to baseline in the attitude domain after intervention. The proportion of study participants with a score of ≥3 points in the practices domain increased from 22% (40/181) at baseline to 41.2% (74/181) at 6 weeks and 49.1% (89/181) at 10 weeks of educational intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A video-based educational intervention may enhance breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and self-examination practices in educated women with access to electronic media. This may contribute to early breast cancer detection in resource-constrained settings with limited screening options.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 2","pages":"147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpes Zoster of the Nipple: A Rare Diagnostic Challenge.","authors":"Maria Kleanthi Arkoumani, Despoina Valaora, Maria Gkaravellou, Theano Perri, Andreas Zografidis, Georgios Karavitis, Emmanouel Lagoudianakis","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-10-11","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-10-11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The breast constitutes an essential component of a woman's identity, body image, and self-esteem. The objective of this article is to present a rare case of breast skin pathology and to examine its differential diagnosis. A fifty-year-old woman consulted our department for a burning sensation in her right breast in combination with a rash involving the nipple-areola complex. The patient received treatment for evolving bacterial mastitis; however, a zosteriform vesicular rash subsequently developed over the right scapular region. The diagnosis of varicella zoster virus infection was confirmed, and oral medication was adjusted to antivirals, resulting in progressive reduction of the rash. To the best of our knowledge, reports on herpes zoster involving the nipple are scarce in the literature. This article presents such an atypical manifestation, underscoring the importance of including herpes zoster in the differential diagnosis of nipple-areolar complex lesions, and provides a brief review of the relevant literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 2","pages":"231-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Multidisciplinary Team Decisions for Breast Cancer Management.","authors":"Merve Tokoçin, Turan Pehlivan, Selçuk Cin, Bülent Toksöz, Onur Tokoçin, Eda Cingöz, Nigar Erkoç, Aynur Özen, Nida Sünnetçi Arıkan, Şahin Bedir, Atilla Çelik","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-10-4","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-10-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) are essential for optimizing breast cancer treatment, yet the role of general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT, in supporting these teams remains underexplored. This study compared ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4 with a hospital-based MDT in making treatment and follow-up recommendations, using St. Gallen, European Society for Medical Oncology, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines as a reference.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive breast cancer patients diagnosed between January 2023 and January 2024 at a training hospital in İstanbul, Türkiye, was conducted. The MDT provided consensus-based recommendations, while anonymized patient data were processed by ChatGPT using English prompts based on guideline summaries. Two experienced breast surgeons independently rated recommendation appropriateness on a five-point scale post-treatment, focusing on clinical outcomes, with agreement assessed using weighted Cohen's kappa across cancer stage, molecular subtype, and proliferation index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT-4 (with a knowledge cut-off of March 2023) demonstrated substantial agreement with the MDT for primary treatments (weighted κ = 0.712), whereas ChatGPT-3.5 showed moderate agreement (κ = 0.600). Agreement for additional recommendations, such as genetic counseling, was lower (GPT-4: κ = 0.398; GPT-3.5: κ = 0.302), with better performance in early-stage and less aggressive subtypes compared to advanced or aggressive cases. Discrepancies were noted in complex or aggressive cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggests ChatGPT, particularly version 4, may serve as a supportive tool for breast cancer teams, especially in early-stage cases, though clinical expertise remains vital for complex scenarios, warranting further research to refine AI integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 2","pages":"184-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncoplastic Approach to Juvenile Giant Fibroadenoma: A Case Series.","authors":"Marcelo Chávez Díaz, Gabriel De la Cruz Ku, Carla Carina Cedrón Lenci, Maria Del Rosario Cueva Perez","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-9-6","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-9-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Juvenile giant fibroadenoma (GFA) is defined as a benign tumor larger than 5 cm, 500 grams, and/or involving at least 80% of the breast. It typically occurs in young patients and causes breast deformity and asymmetry. Surgical treatment involves resection of the tumor (enucleation), rearrangement of the skin envelope, and repositioning of the nipple-areola complex. However, the expected re-expansion of the breast following tumor removal, often managed through periareolar approaches, can be unpredictable and prolonged in certain cases. For this reason, oncoplastic surgery techniques have been developed, which allow for immediate partial reconstruction and are now among the available therapeutic options. This report describes three cases in which an oncoplastic approach was used for the treatment of GFA.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 2","pages":"226-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally Invasive Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Early Experience With Endoscopic and Robotic Techniques.","authors":"Sandip M Bipte, Sanjay Kumar Yadav, Revathi G, Jayanti Thumsi, Sadashiv Choudhari","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-9-10","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-9-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Minimally invasive nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), performed via endoscopic or robotic-assisted approaches, has been developed to improve cosmetic and psychosocial outcomes without compromising oncologic safety. While international experience is growing, data from low- and middle-income countries remain limited.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective case series of five consecutive patients (six breasts) who underwent minimally invasive NSM between January 2024 and June 2025 in an Indian center. Three patients underwent conventional endoscopic NSM and two underwent robotic-assisted NSM (one unilateral and one bilateral). Data collected included demographic and genetic status, tumor biology, operative details, reconstruction method, perioperative complications, pathology, and short-term follow-up. Primary endpoints were feasibility and safety; secondary endpoints were margin status, early oncologic outcomes, and cosmetic satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All procedures were completed successfully without conversion to open surgery. Median (range) operative time was 210 (180-300) minutes, with robotic procedures requiring longer duration. No intraoperative complications, nipple-areolar necrosis, or implant losses were observed. Two patients developed minor seromas that resolved with aspiration. Pathological margins were negative in all cases. At a median follow-up of six (4-18) months, all patients were alive, disease-free, and reported good-to-excellent cosmetic satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our early experience demonstrates that both endoscopic and robotic-assisted NSM are feasible and safe in carefully selected patients, providing satisfactory oncologic and esthetic outcomes. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the very small sample size, short follow-up, and absence of a comparator group. Larger prospective multicenter studies with long-term outcomes are required to confirm oncologic safety and define the role of minimally invasive NSM India.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 2","pages":"165-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}