European journal of breast health最新文献

{"title":"Isolated Ileocecal Metastasis from Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report.","authors":"Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, Ramita Mukherjee, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Yashika Maheswari, Yamini Dharmashaktu, Asuri Krishna, Vuthaluru Seenu","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histologic subtype of invasive breast cancer, accounting for 5-15% of this type. Though its unique propensity to metastasize to the extra-hepatic gastrointestinal tract is well known, isolated colonic metastasis without disseminated or locoregional recurrence is rare. These isolated lesions may be amenable to curative treatment with a better prognosis. Here we present the diagnostic challenge faced while managing the case of a 62-year-old female who was treated for estrogen receptor-positive ILC of the breast 10-years previously, who presented with an ileocecal mass, which on biopsy revealed metastatic ILC. She was treated with laparoscopic hemicolectomy followed by hormonal therapy and remained asymptomatic at 18-months follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Three-Dimensional Surface Imaging to Measure Breast Volume in the Upright Position With Acceptable Accuracy.","authors":"Hironori Goto, Satsuki Fukumoto, Yukiko Hara, Keiichiro Tada","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-2-3","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The utility of three-dimensional surface imaging (3DSI) for measuring breast volume in the upright position has not been established.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>First, the accuracy of 3DSI measurements was evaluated using plastic models with known breast volumes. Then, the breast volumes of 30 patients were measured using 3DSI in the upright position, computed tomography (CT) in the supine position, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the prone position, and mammography (MMG) of the compressed breast. To determine the impact of 3DSI measurements, the correlation coefficients between 3DSI and CT, between MMG and CT, and between MRI and CT were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The accuracy of 3DSI measurements was confirmed using plastic models. The correlation coefficients between 3DSI and CT, between MRI and CT, and between MMG and CT were 0.83, 0.997, and 0.84, respectively. Although the breast volume measured by 3DSI was closely associated with that measured by CT, this correlation was weaker than that between the MRI- and CT-measured volumes and comparable with that between the MMG- and CT-measured volumes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>3DSI can be used to measure breast volume in the upright position with clinically acceptable accuracy for the evaluation of cosmetic surgical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"230-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Lymphedema Secondary to Lymph Node Tuberculosis: Case Report.","authors":"Elena Vaquero-Ramiro, Ana Belén Puentes-Gutiérrez, Laura Millán-Casas, María García-Bascones","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-4-3","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast lymphedema is a common but underdiagnosed condition that affects the quality of life of patients. It may be caused by any pathology that disrupts lymphatic drainage in the breast. We present the case of a woman with axillary lymph node tuberculous infection with breast edema, clinically and radiographically indistinguishable from tuberculous mastitis. After six months of comprehensive antituberculosis pharmacological treatment, the persistence of breast edema required repeating diagnostic tests searching for malignancy, all of which were negative. Rehabilitation treatment with complex physical therapy improved the patient's clinical and symptomatic condition. Clinical suspicion of secondary lymphedema is crucial to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures and ensure adequate and timely treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"274-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Diagnostic Potential of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and HALP Score in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer: A Step Toward Early Detection.","authors":"Durmuş Ayan, Ergül Bayram, Hakan Sakallı, Umut Karabay, Fatih Yay","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-12-9","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-12-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is a global concern due to its high incidence worldwide. The alarming increase in BC cases highlights the need for careful management of the disease at multiple levels. This study investigated the diagnostic value of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet counts (HALP score), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in newly diagnosed BC patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 84 individuals, including 42 healthy volunteers (group I) and 42 patients newly diagnosed with BC (group II), were included. Serum albumin levels were determined using spectrophotometry. The levels of tumor-markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) in serum were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Hemogram parameters were analyzed using fluorescence flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median PLR was significantly lower in group II than group I (<i>p</i> = 0.014). There were no statistical differences in HALP score, NLR, LMR, and prognostic nutrition index between the two groups (<i>p</i> = 0.133, <i>p</i> = 0.993, <i>p</i> = 0.591, and <i>p</i> = 0.294, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of PLR in predicting BC were 61.90% and 64.29%, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.665 (<i>p</i> = 0.009, 95% confidence interval: 0.5480 to 0.7819, cut-off value ≤124). PLR, CEA and CA 15-3 were independent risk factors for BC (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that PLR may serve as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of BC; however, further validation is required. Conversely, the HALP score and other parameters did not demonstrate a significant association with early BC diagnosis. These results warrant corroboration through regional and community-based studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"215-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leiomyosarcoma of the Breast: Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Amal Alimi, Hafedh Abbassi, Skander Abid, Amrou Dinari, Abdeljlil Khlifi, Samir Hidar, Sassi Boughizane, Hedi Khairi","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-10-8","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-10-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary breast leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy, accounting for approximately 1% of breast tumors and less than 5% of soft tissue sarcomas. Due to its rarity, standardized treatment guidelines remain unclear. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman who presented with a 3 cm, freely mobile breast nodule, initially classified as American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 4 on imaging. Core needle biopsy confirmed primary breast leiomyosarcoma, with histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis revealing strong positivity for α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, and H-caldesmon, consistent with smooth muscle differentiation. Epithelial, neural, and vascular markers were negative, ruling out differential diagnoses. The Ki-67 index was 15%, indicating moderate proliferative activity. Staging classified the tumor as T2N0M0 (Stage IIA, the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8^th edition), and the patient underwent radical mastectomy with sentinel lymph node exploration, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Despite the aggressive nature of leiomyosarcomas, this case exhibited favorable prognostic factors, including small tumor size, intermediate grade, negative margins, and no lymphatic spread, suggesting a less aggressive course. After four years of follow-up, the patient remains free of complications, underscoring the importance of long-term monitoring and the need for further research to refine therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"277-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Aromatherapy on Pain and Anxiety Levels Before Breast Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Ezgi Hancı, Yasemin Uslu, Erkin Arıbal","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-2-11","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-2-11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aromatherapy is widely used in the management of symptoms caused by interventional procedures. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of lavender and lavender-peppermint aromatherapy before breast biopsy for reducing women's pain and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This trial was conducted in the breast outpatient clinic of a university hospital in İstanbul between July 2021 and March 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups; lavender or lavender-peppermint or the control group. Twenty minutes before the breast biopsy, a small pad impregnated with lavender or lavender-peppermint essential oil was attached to each patient at shoulder level, allowing for inhalation. The patients' anxiety and pain levels were assessed before and after the biopsy procedure using the state anxiety inventory and visual analogue scale, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study population was 135 patients, equally divided between lavender, lavender-peppermint or control groups (each <i>n</i> = 45). The mean age of the patients was 46.30±10.31 years, 76% were married, 65.9% were employed, and 64.4% underwent thick-needle biopsy. After the biopsy, reported anxiety and pain levels had decreased significantly more in the aromatherapy groups compared to the control group (<i>p</i><0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the lavender and lavender-peppermint groups in terms of anxiety and pain reduction (<i>p</i>>0.05). Anxiety and pain levels were positively correlated (r = 0.406; <i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of lavender and lavender-peppermint essential oil via inhalation before breast biopsy was effective in reducing reported anxiety and pain levels. Implementing lavender and lavender-peppermint essential oil inhalation before interventional procedures may offer a simple and cost-effective approach to improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"223-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Categorization of Breast Fine Needle Aspirates Using Yokohama Classification and Its Correlation With Histopathological Findings.","authors":"Vishal Rohilla, Parveen Kundu, Monika Gathwal, Pushpendra Malik, Chiranjeev Gathwal, Sunaina Hooda","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-11-4","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-11-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. In developing countries, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is commonly used for screening to reduce mortality rates. The International Academy of Cytology has established the Yokohama system to enhance diagnostic clarity and communication between pathologists and clinicians. A triple test approach, incorporating clinical evaluation, imaging, and FNAC, can further improve patient care for breast lesions and may enhance the Yokohama System's effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective study about breast FNAC was done over a period of one year, from October 2022 to September 2023. The study involved patients with breast lesion referred for FNAC in the department of Pathology. The FNAC results were further classified using the Yokohama system for reporting breast cytopathology, 2016. The cytological findings were correlated with available histopathological results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study of 104 cases, 60 (57.7%) of whom had available histopathology results, breast lesions were categorized using the Yokohama system as: 7.7% insufficient, 47.1% benign, 26.9% atypical, 2.9% suspicious of malignancy, and 15.4% malignant. The risk of malignancy varied by category: 0% for category 1, 3.2% for category 2, 47% for category 3, and 100% for categories 4 and 5. The maximum sensitivity was 94.7% when considering atypical, suspicious, and malignant cases as positive. The highest specificity was 97.56% for malignant cases alone, while the best diagnostic accuracy was 83.3% when both malignant and suspicious cases were counted as positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Yokohama system effectively classified borderline lesions, facilitating early detection and improved management options. By integrating FNAC with standardized reporting, healthcare providers can make informed decisions, enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of breast lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Importance of PTEN and P53 in Aggressive Luminal A Subtype Breast Cancers.","authors":"Öykü Dila Gemci, Serdar Altınay, İlkay Gültürk, Deniz Tural, Mehmet Karabulut, Damla Nur Sakız","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-2-12","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-2-12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer are well established, data on aggressive behavior in luminal A subtype breast cancers are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate histomorphological and clinicopathological parameters that may predict treatment resistance and aggressive behavior in luminal A subtype, as well as the expression of two key proteins, PTEN and p53, involved in breast carcinoma development.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We included breast carcinoma cases diagnosed at a Turkish University Hospital between 2016 and 2017. Tumor tissue with internal control was available for all cases. PTEN and p53 expression were evaluated immunohistochemically, based on staining strength and percentage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 114 cases diagnosed in the study period, 18 (%) were recurrent and 5 (%) were Luminal A subtype. We observed significantly lower overall and disease-free survival in patients with ≤50% tumor infiltrating lymphocytes density, which was present in all recurrent cases. PTEN immunoreactivity scores were <6 in all recurrent luminal A cases, but no significant difference was found between recurrent and non-recurrent cases (<i>p</i>>0.05). The p53 H-score for luminal A was significantly lower than in luminal B, triple negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+ groups (<i>p</i><0.05). Furthermore, p53 H-scores <50 were more common in grade 2 tumors than in grade 3 (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PTEN loss, observed in all recurrent luminal A cases and 77.1% of all cases, supports its role as a tumor suppressor. The findings suggest that PTEN expression loss may be a prognostic marker, and immune-modulating treatments should be considered for breast cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"246-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Myofibroblastoma: A Single Institutional Case Series.","authors":"Meghna Pinnaka, Melissa Garcia Patino, Vasupriya Ravi, Alia Nazarullah, Ismail Jatoi","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-3-6","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-3-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Breast myofibroblastoma (BM) is a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor primarily affecting older men and postmenopausal women. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical profiles, and treatment outcomes of five BM cases diagnosed at a single institution over a period of 20 years.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted for five patients diagnosed with BM between 1998 and 2024. Data included age, clinical presentation, tumor size, histopathologic findings, immunohistochemical profiles, treatment approaches, and follow-up outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age at diagnosis was 68 years, with a mean tumor size of 5.06 cm. Clinical presentation included palpable, painless masses in two patients and an incidental finding in one, while data were unavailable for two cases. Histopathology showed well-circumscribed, unencapsulated tumors composed of spindle cells with admixed adipose tissue and collagen bundles. Immunohistochemically, all tumors were positive for desmin and CD34, with variable smooth muscle actin expression and negative S100 staining. No cases exhibited nuclear beta-catenin staining or 13q14 deletions. All patients underwent surgical excision, with one requiring re-excision due to tumor abutting margins. No recurrences were observed during follow-up (2-18 months).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BM is a benign tumor with favorable outcomes following surgical excision. This study underscores the variability in immunohistochemical staining and the importance of distinguishing BM from other spindle cell tumors. Increased numbers of published cases and refining diagnostic markers may be important to improve clinical management and reduce diagnostic uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"211-214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Changes are Mandatory in Breast Surgery Training? An International Survey and Recommendations of the French Academy of Surgery and the Senologic International Society.","authors":"Tolga Ozmen, Caroline Bouche, Megane Buttignol, Bolivar Arboleda-Osorio, Mauricio Magalhaes Costa, Henry Coudane, Darius Dian, Xishan Hao, Shigeru Imoto, Olivier Jardé, Hubert Johanet, Esther Meka, Alexander Mundinger, Ruben Orda, Vahit Ozmen, Tadeusz Pienkowski, Schlomo Schneebaum, Charlotte Vaysse, Susie Brousse, Atilla Soran, Carole Mathelin","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-3-4","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Breast cancer management has significantly evolved, particularly in surgical techniques, but breast surgery training remains unstandardized worldwide. This study, promoted by the Senologic International Society (SIS) and the French National Academy of Surgery (FNAS) aimed to evaluate training variability in the world and to provide ten recommendations to improve breast surgery training.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 32-question electronic survey was sent between July-August 2023 to the SIS and FNAS network, covering personal experience, training practices, accreditation programs, and fellowship requirements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 121 breast specialists from 42 countries participated, including mainly general surgeons (56%) and gynecologists (23%). Most respondents (66%) had over 15 years of experience, and 75% were male. While 50% reported that breast surgery fellowships were not mandatory, countries with requirements often stipulated a one or two-year experience and a minimum cases number. Multidisciplinary training was often lacking, with only half of countries requiring rotations in radiology, oncology, or pathology. Disparities in training quality and accreditation were evident, particularly in regions without formal breast surgery programs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-volume centers and specialized surgeons consistently demonstrated improved outcomes, including lower mortality and recurrence rates for patients treated for breast cancer. Rising breast cancer incidence, combined with advances in surgical and multidisciplinary care, highlights the urgency for standardized training. Evidence shows that structured programs with volume thresholds, multidisciplinary approach, and modern surgical techniques improve patient survival and satisfaction. The survey underscores the need for international guidelines to ensure equitable, high-quality care. SIS and FNAS recommend a standardized breast surgery education framework with ten actionable proposals to address disparities, optimize training, and enhance global care quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"200-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}