Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Resting-State Cortical Network and Subcortical Hyperconnectivity in Youth With Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the ABCD Study.","authors":"Sam A Sievertsen, Jinhan Zhu, Angela Fang, Jennifer K Forsyth","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) frequently emerges during childhood or adolescence, yet few studies have examined functional connectivity differences in youth with GAD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of adults with GAD have implicated multiple brain regions; however, frequent examination of individual brain seed regions and/or networks has limited a holistic view of GAD-associated differences. The current study therefore used resting-state fMRI data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to investigate connectivity in youths with GAD across multiple cortical networks and subcortical regions implicated in adult GAD, considering diagnosis changes across 2 assessment periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 164 youths with GAD and 3158 healthy control participants, within- and between-network connectivity for 6 cortical networks and 6 subcortical regions was assessed using linear mixed-effect models. Changes in GAD-associated connectivity between baseline and 2-year follow-up were then compared for participants with continuous GAD, GAD at baseline and not follow-up (GAD remitters), and GAD at follow-up and not baseline (GAD converters) versus control participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Youths with GAD showed greater within-ventral attention network (VAN) connectivity and hyperconnectivity between the amygdala and cingulo-opercular network and between striatal regions and the cingulo-opercular, default mode, and salience networks (false discovery rate p < .05). Within-VAN connectivity decreased for GAD remitters between baseline and follow-up. Sensitivity analyses revealed that these hyperconnectivity patterns were not observed in youths with major depressive disorder (n = 19), separation anxiety (n = 33), or social anxiety disorder (n = 111) who did not have GAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results indicate that GAD in childhood and adolescence is associated with altered subcortical to cortical network connectivity and that within-VAN hyperconnectivity, in particular, is associated with clinically significant GAD-specific symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Insular Cortex Activation During Reward Anticipation in Major Depressive Disorder With and Without Anxiety.","authors":"Xi Ren, Evan J White, Rayus Kuplicki, Martin P Paulus, Maria Ironside, Robin L Aupperle, Jennifer L Stewart","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anticipation involves preparatory resource allocation to optimize upcoming responses, linked to insular cortex function. Although individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) show impairments in anticipatory processing and blunted insula activation, it is unclear whether this pattern holds across MDD with comorbid anxiety disorders (MDD+ANX) and MDD without comorbid anxiety disorders. The monetary incentive delay (MID) task, combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided electroencephalography (EEG) source localization, offers a robust approach to study anticipatory mechanisms in MDD subtypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants with MDD (n = 53) or MDD+ANX (n = 108) and healthy control participants (CTLs; n = 38) completed the MID task during simultaneous EEG-MRI recording. Stimulus-preceding negativity event-related potentials were source localized to identify insular cortical activity differences across groups (MDD, MDD+ANX, CTL), sex (male, female), MID task conditions (gain, loss), hemisphere (left, right), and 6 insular subregions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Behavioral performance revealed that the CTL group reacted faster than the MDD+ANX group in both gain and loss conditions (p = .03). Insular source analysis showed lower activity in the MDD+ANX (p < .001) and MDD (p = .06) groups than in the CTL group during gain anticipation and lower activity in the MDD+ANX group than in both CTL (p = .003) and MDD (p < .001) groups during loss anticipation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results highlight potential intervention targets for improving anticipatory deficits in MDD+ANX. The MDD+ANX group exhibited distinctive patterns of insular cortical activity, with lower activity during the anticipation of both gain and loss feedback than the CTL and MDD groups, suggesting significant neural alterations. Moreover, in the MDD+ANX group, higher anxiety severity was linked to increased insula activity during loss anticipation, indicating a specific neural correlate of anxiety in this comorbid condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate Links Between the Developmental Timing of Adversity Exposure and White Matter Tract Connectivity in Adulthood.","authors":"Lucinda M Sisk, Taylor J Keding, Emily M Cohodes, Sarah McCauley, Jasmyne C Pierre, Paola Odriozola, Sahana Kribakaran, Jason T Haberman, Sadie J Zacharek, Hopewell R Hodges, Camila Caballero, Gillian Gold, Audrey Y Huang, Ashley Talton, Dylan G Gee","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early-life adversity is pervasive worldwide and represents a potent risk factor for increased mental health burden across the lifespan. However, there is substantial individual heterogeneity in associations between adversity exposure, neurobiological changes, and mental health problems. Accounting for key features of adversity such as the developmental timing of exposure may clarify associations between adversity, neurodevelopment, and mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the current study, we leveraged sparse canonical correlation analysis to characterize modes of covariation between adversity exposure across development and the connectivity of white matter tracts throughout the brain in a sample of 107 adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that adversity exposure during preschool age and middle childhood (ages 4-5 and 8 years in particular) were consistently linked across diffusion metrics with alterations in white matter tract connectivity. Whereas tracts supporting sensorimotor functions showed higher connectivity with higher preschool-age and middle childhood adversity exposure, tracts supporting cortico-cortical communication showed lower connectivity. Furthermore, latent patterns of tract connectivity associated with adversity experienced across preschool age and middle childhood (ages 3-8) were associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings underscore that adversity exposure may differentially affect white matter in a function- and developmental timing-specific manner and suggest that adversity experienced from ages 3 to 8 years may shape the development of white matter tracts across the brain in ways that are relevant for mental health in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representing Brain-Behavior Associations by Retaining High-Motion Minoritized Youth.","authors":"Jivesh Ramduny, Lucina Q Uddin, Tamara Vanderwal, Eric Feczko, Damien A Fair, Clare Kelly, Arielle Baskin-Sommers","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Population neuroscience datasets provide an opportunity for researchers to estimate reproducible effect sizes for brain-behavior associations because of their large sample sizes. However, these datasets undergo strict quality control to mitigate sources of noise, such as head motion. This practice often excludes a disproportionate number of minoritized individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used motion-ordering and motion-ordering+resampling (bagging) to test whether these methods preserve functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 5733). For the 2 methods, brain-behavior associations were computed as the partial Spearman's rank correlations (R_s) between functional connectivity and cognitive performance (NIH Cognition Toolbox) as well as externalizing and internalizing psychopathology (Child Behavior Checklist) while adjusting for participant sex assigned at birth and head motion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Black and Hispanic youth exhibited excess head motion relative to data collected from White youth and were discarded disproportionately when conventional approaches were used. Motion-ordering and bagging methods retained more than 99% of Black and Hispanic youth. Both methods produced reproducible brain-behavior associations across low-/high-motion racial/ethnic groups based on motion-limited fMRI data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The motion-ordering and bagging methods are 2 feasible approaches that can enhance sample representation for testing brain-behavior associations and that result in reproducible effect sizes in diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The Regional Vulnerability Index and Its Association With Clinical Symptoms.","authors":"Kathrin Koch, Daniela Rodriguez Manrique, Sandra Gigl, Hanyang Ruan, Deniz A Gürsel, Georgiana Rus-Oswald, Tim Reess, Götz Berberich","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit notable alterations in brain structure, which are likely to be of clinical relevance. Recently, in schizophrenia, the regional vulnerability index (RVI) was introduced to translate findings from ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) studies to the individual level. Building on this framework, in the current study, we sought to investigate whether the RVI might also serve as a vulnerability index for OCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Toward this aim, we assessed subcortical volume and cortical thickness in a sample of 250 participants (140 patients with OCD, 110 healthy volunteers) and calculated the RVI by leveraging ENIGMA-derived deficits as the \"ground truth\" for expected regional brain alterations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subcortical volume and cortical thickness RVI values were significantly different in patients compared with healthy control participants. In addition, RVI values based on subcortical volume were significantly correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms. Moreover, RVI values for both subcortical volume and cortical thickness were significantly different in medicated subgroups while there was no significant difference in unmedicated patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current results suggest that the RVI may represent an individual characteristic that reflects the degree of correspondence between individual patterns of structural alterations and disease-characteristic patterns of structural alterations. However, our findings also indicate that relatively large effect sizes in the meta-analytic ground truth are a prerequisite for obtaining a meaningful RVI parameter that can also be related to clinical severity. Therefore, the current findings require further validation through additional research to confirm the RVI's robustness and determine its predictive value.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Child Amygdala Development With Borderline Personality Symptoms During Adolescence.","authors":"Anna Constantino-Pettit, Kirsten Gilbert, Kiran Boone, Katherine Luking, Benjamin Geselowitz, Rebecca Tillman, Diana Whalen, Joan Luby, Deanna M Barch, Alecia Vogel","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current understanding of the neural correlates of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is limited, but some evidence suggests that alterations in limbic structures play a role in adult BPD. The developmental course of structural neural differences in BPD is unknown. Whether there is specificity for structural alterations in BPD compared to other psychiatric presentations, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), remains unexplored. In the current study, we examined childhood trajectories of 2 limbic regions that have been implicated in BPD, hippocampal and amygdala volume, as they relate to adolescent BPD symptoms compared to MDD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (n = 175; 85 [48.6%] female) were from a 17-year longitudinal study of preschool depression. Participants completed up to 5 magnetic resonance imaging scans from late childhood through adolescence. General linear models were used to examine the relationship between gray matter volume intercepts/slopes and BPD symptoms to understand the influence of the developmental trajectory of brain regions on BPD. Separate models were used to examine the relationship between MDD symptoms and volume intercepts to assess diagnostic specificity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower childhood amygdala volume (intercept; age 13 centered) across scans was associated with higher adolescent BPD symptoms (β = -0.25, adjusted p = .015). There was no relationship between the slope of amygdala volume and BPD symptoms. There was no relationship between hippocampal volume and BPD or any relationship between amygdala or hippocampal volume and MDD symptoms during adolescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings add evidence that supports the role of alterations in amygdala structure in BPD development. Decreased amygdala volume as early as age 13 may be an early indicator of the development of BPD during adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Alexithymia Hypothesis of Autism Revisited: Alexithymia Modulates Social Brain Activity During Facial Affect Recognition in Autistic Adults.","authors":"Simon Kirsch, Simon Maier, Muyu Lin, Simón Guendelman, Christian Kaufmann, Isabel Dziobek, Ludger Tebartz van Elst","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and alexithymia are linked to difficulties in facial affect recognition (FAR) together with differences in social brain activity. According to the alexithymia hypothesis, difficulties in emotion processing in ASD can be attributed to increased levels of co-occurring alexithymia. Despite substantial evidence supporting the hypothesis at the behavioral level, the effects of co-occurring alexithymia on brain function during FAR remain unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 120 participants (60 ASD, 60 control) who completed an FAR task were analyzed using functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures. The task included both explicit and implicit measures of FAR. Autistic participants were further categorized based on their alexithymia status. Group differences in FAR performance and associated brain activation were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Autistic participants showed lower FAR performance than control participants, regardless of alexithymia status. Imaging revealed 3 cortical clusters with reduced activation in participants with alexithymia compared with ASD participants without alexithymia during explicit FAR, including the left inferior parietal gyrus, cuneus, and middle temporal gyrus. During implicit FAR, ASD participants with alexithymia showed 3 cortical clusters of increased activation, including the left precentral gyrus, right precuneus, and temporoparietal junction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows an unexpected dissociation between behavior and brain response: While ASD affects FAR performance, only co-occurring alexithymia modulates corresponding social brain activations. Although not supporting the alexithymia hypothesis on the behavioral level, the study highlights the complex relationship between ASD and co-occurring alexithymia, emphasizing the significance of co-occurring conditions in understanding emotion processing in ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Rewiring of Resilience: The Effects of Combat Deployment on Functional Network Architecture.","authors":"Noga Yair, Tom Zalmenson, Omer Azriel, Dana Shamai-Leshem, Yaron Alon, Niv Tik, Lucian Tatsa-Laur, Ariel Ben-Yehuda, Daniel S Pine, Anderson M Winkler, Ido Tavor, Yair Bar-Haim","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although combat-deployed soldiers are at high risk for developing trauma-related psychopathology, most will remain resilient for the duration and aftermath of their deployment tour. The neural basis of this type of resilience is largely unknown, and few longitudinal studies exist on neural adaptation to combat in resilient individuals for whom a pre-exposure measurement was collected. Here, we delineate changes in the architecture of functional brain networks from pre- to postcombat in psychopathology-free, resilient participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tier 1 infantry recruits (n = 50) participated in this longitudinal, functional magnetic resonance imaging study together with a comparison group of university students (n = 50). Changes in within- and between-network functional connectivity were analyzed as a function of exposure group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group × time interactions manifested in the default mode, cognitive control, and ventral attention networks; significant increases from baseline in both within- and between-network connectivity were noted postdeployment in soldiers only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate global changes in brain functional architecture in resilient combat-deployed participants relative to age-matched students, suggesting that neural adaptation may support resilience to combat exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological Markers of Regulation Success in Everyday Life in Depression.","authors":"Jonathan P Stange, Ellie P Xu, Sarah L Zapetis, Jiani Li, Lisanne Jenkins, Jagan Jimmy, Zihua Ye, Pia Sellery, Coralie S Phanord, Erika Forbes, Timothy J Trull, Robin J Mermelstein, Olusola Ajilore","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-regulation is often disrupted in depression and is characterized by negative affect and inflexible parasympathetic responses. However, our understanding of brain mechanisms of self-regulatory processes has largely been limited to laboratory contexts. Measuring individual differences in self-regulatory processes in everyday life-and their neural correlates-could inform our understanding of depression phenotypes and reveal novel intervention targets that impact everyday functioning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In individuals with remitted major depressive disorder and healthy comparison participants (N = 74), we measured 2 dimensions of regulation success in everyday life-perceived success with regulating affect and physiological success (parasympathetic augmentation following regulation attempts)-and their neural correlates using a functional magnetic resonance imaging emotion regulation task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceptions of success were weakly associated with physiological success and had partially distinct neural correlates. Perceived success and physiological success in everyday life predicted reduced activity in brain regions involved in emotional salience while reacting to aversive stimuli in the scanner. During reappraisal in the scanner, greater perceived success in everyday life was dimensionally associated with more reappraisal-related activity in regions involved in cognitive control (including the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices); in contrast, physiological success predicted enhanced downregulation of salience network activity (amygdala, insula).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results suggest that linking psychophysiology with behavior in everyday life can provide a window into dissociable dimensions of self-regulatory functioning. Integrating ambulatory and brain-based metrics may elucidate self-regulatory phenotypes with distinct neurophysiological mechanisms and targets for intervention to impact functioning in daily life.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Computational Mechanisms of Uncertainty Processing Explain Opposing Exploratory Behaviors in Anxiety and Apathy.","authors":"Xinyuan Yan, R Becket Ebitz, Nicola Grissom, David P Darrow, Alexander B Herman","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decision making in uncertain environments can lead to varied outcomes, and how we process those outcomes may depend on our emotional state. Understanding how individuals interpret the sources of uncertainty is crucial for understanding adaptive behavior and mental well-being. Uncertainty can be broadly categorized into 2 components: volatility and stochasticity. Volatility describes how quickly conditions change. Stochasticity, on the other hand, refers to outcome randomness. We investigated how anxiety and apathy influenced people's perceptions of uncertainty and how uncertainty perception shaped explore-exploit decisions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (N = 1001, nonclinical sample) completed a restless 3-armed bandit task that was analyzed using both latent state and process models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with anxiety perceived uncertainty as resulting more from volatility, leading to increased exploration and learning rates, especially after reward omission. Conversely, individuals with apathy viewed uncertainty as more stochastic, resulting in decreased exploration and learning rates. The perceived volatility to stochasticity ratio mediated the anxiety-exploration relationship post adverse outcomes. Dimensionality reduction showed exploration and uncertainty estimation to be distinct but related latent factors shaping a manifold of adaptive behavior that is modulated by anxiety and apathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings reveal distinct computational mechanisms for how anxiety and apathy influence decision making, providing a framework for understanding cognitive and affective processes in neuropsychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}