Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Neural Signatures of Cognitive Control Predict Future Adolescent Substance Use Onset and Frequency.","authors":"Ya-Yun Chen, Morgan Lindenmuth, Tae-Ho Lee, Jacob Lee, Brooks Casas, Jungmeen Kim-Spoon","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent substance use is a significant predictor of future addiction and related disorders. Understanding neural mechanisms underlying substance use initiation and frequency during adolescence is critical for early prevention and intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current longitudinal study followed 91 substance-naïve adolescents annually for 7 years from ages 14 to 21 years to identify potential neural precursors that predict substance use initiation and frequency. Cognitive control processes were examined using the Multi-Source Interference Task to assess functional neural connectivity. A questionnaire was used to assess substance use frequency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stronger connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) at time 1 predicted a delayed onset of substance use, indicative of a protective effect. A notable decline in this dACC-dlPFC connectivity was observed 1 year prior to substance use initiation. Conversely, lower connectivity of the dACC with the supplementary motor area and heightened connectivity of the anterior insula with the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex and angular gyrus were predictive of greater frequency of future substance use. These findings remained after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the critical role of cognitive control-related neural connectivity in predicting substance use initiation and frequency during adolescence. The results imply that efforts to strengthen and monitor the development of the top-down cognitive control system in the brain from early adolescence can be protective and deter progression into problematic substance use. Furthermore, for adolescents with heightened frequency of substance use, interventions may prove more effective by targeting interoceptive processes in cognitive control training.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable Presence of an Evolutionarily New Brain Structure Is Related to Trait Impulsivity.","authors":"Ethan H Willbrand, Samira A Maboudian, Matthew V Elliott, Gabby M Kellerman, Sheri L Johnson, Kevin S Weiner","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct reflecting poor constraint over one's behaviors. Clinical psychology research has identified separable impulsivity dimensions that are each unique transdiagnostic indicators for psychopathology. However, despite this apparent clinical importance, the shared and unique neuroanatomical correlates of these factors remain largely unknown. Concomitantly, neuroimaging research has identified variably present human brain structures implicated in cognition and disorder: the folds (sulci) of the cerebral cortex located in the latest-developing and most evolutionarily expanded hominoid-specific association cortices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We tethered these 2 fields to test whether variability in one such structure in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)-the paracingulate sulcus (PCGS)-was related to individual differences in trait impulsivity. A total of 120 adult participants with internalizing or externalizing psychopathology completed a magnetic resonance imaging scan and the Three-Factor Impulsivity Index. Using precision imaging techniques, we manually identified the PCGS, when present, and acquired quantitative folding metrics (PCGS length and ACC local gyrification index).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neuroanatomical-behavioral analyses revealed that participants with leftward or symmetrical PCGS patterns had greater severity of Lack of Follow Through (LFT)-which captures inattention and lack of perseverance-than those with rightward asymmetry. Neuroanatomical-functional analyses identified that the PCGS colocalized with a focal locus found in a neuroimaging meta-analysis on a feature underlying LFT. Neither quantitative folding metric related to any impulsivity dimension.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study advances understanding of the neuroanatomical correlates of impulsivity and establishes the notion that the topographical organization of distinct, hominoid-specific cortical expanses underlies separable impulsivity dimensions with robust, transdiagnostic implications for psychopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical Hypoactivation of Frontal Areas Modulates Resting Electroencephalography Microstates in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Chaithanya Leon, Simran Kaur, Rajesh Sagar, Prashant Tayade, Ratna Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the current study, we examined electroencephalography (EEG) microstate alterations and their neural generators during resting state in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to explore a potential state biomarker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 76 participants, 38 with combined-type ADHD and 38 neurotypical children, took part in the study. Five-minute resting (eyes-open) 128 channel EEG data were acquired, and 2 minutes of clean EEG data were analyzed for microstates, its sources, and connectivity in both groups. Between-groups comparisons were done for microstate parameters using modified k-means clustering with Cartool software. Furthermore, the cortical sources and functional connectivity of significant microstate maps were explored using LORETA software. Subsequently microstate parameters were correlated with the behavioral scores from the Conners' Parent Rating Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the microstate parameters examined, children with ADHD displayed significant differences (p < .05) in time frames and time coverage of map B (decreased) and transition probability of map D (increased). Interestingly, source analysis of both microstate maps showed hypoactivation of frontal areas predominantly while functional connectivity showed hyperconnectivity between the medial frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus (executive function area) for map B and hypoconnectivity between the medial frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus (both are suggested to be part of default mode network areas) for map D. Further, cross-spectral density values of map B were found to be correlated with executive function scores from the Conners' questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EEG microstate features, together with source and connectivity measures, could help differentiate children with ADHD from neurotypical children. The hypoactivation of predominantly frontal areas and their connectivity was found to determine microstate maps.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Buffering of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Longitudinal Effects and Neural Mediators.","authors":"Justin L C Santos, Nathaniel G Harnett, Sanne J H van Rooij, Timothy D Ely, Tanja Jovanovic, Lauren A M Lebois, Francesca L Beaudoin, Xinming An, Thomas C Neylan, Sarah D Linnstaedt, Laura T Germine, Kenneth A Bollen, Scott L Rauch, John P Haran, Alan B Storrow, Christopher Lewandowski, Paul I Musey, Phyllis L Hendry, Sophia Sheikh, Christopher W Jones, Brittany E Punches, Jose L Pascual, Mark J Seamon, Erica Harris, Claire Pearson, David A Peak, Roland C Merchant, Robert M Domeier, Niels K Rathlev, Brian J O'Neil, Paulina Sergot, Leon D Sanchez, Steven E Bruce, Diego A Pizzagalli, Steven E Harte, Kerry J Ressler, Karestan C Koenen, Samuel A McLean, Jennifer S Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-characterized psychiatric disorder that features changes in mood and arousal following traumatic events. Previous animal and human studies of social support during the peritraumatic window have demonstrated a buffering effect with regard to acute biological and psychological stress symptoms. Fewer studies have explored the magnitude of and mechanism through which early posttrauma social support can reduce longitudinal PTSD severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we investigated the beneficial impact of social support on longitudinal PTSD symptoms and probed brain regions sensitive to this buffering phenomenon, such as the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In the multisite AURORA study, 315 participants reported PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5) and perceived emotional support (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) at 2 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post emergency department visit. Additionally, neuroimaging data were collected at 2 weeks posttrauma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We hypothesized that early posttrauma social support would be linked with greater fractional anisotropic values in white matter tracts that have known connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex and would predict reduced neural reactivity to social threat cues in the amygdala. Interestingly, while we observed greater fractional anisotropy in the bilateral cingulum and bilateral uncinate fasciculus as a function of early posttrauma emotional support, we also identified greater threat reactivity in the precuneus/posterior cingulate, a component of the default mode network.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the neurocircuitry underlying the response to social threat cues is facilitated through broader pathways that involve the posterior hub of the default mode network.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Claustrum Volumes Are Lower in Schizophrenia and Mediate Patients' Attentional Deficits.","authors":"David Schinz, Antonia Neubauer, Rebecca Hippen, Julia Schulz, Hongwei Bran Li, Melissa Thalhammer, Benita Schmitz-Koep, Aurore Menegaux, Jil Wendt, Sevilay Ayyildiz, Felix Brandl, Josef Priller, Michael Uder, Claus Zimmer, Dennis M Hedderich, Christian Sorg","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the last decade of extensive research revealed the prominent role of the claustrum for mammalian forebrain organization (i.e., widely distributed claustral-cortical circuits coordinate basic cognitive functions such as attention), it is poorly understood whether the claustrum is relevant for schizophrenia and related cognitive symptoms. We hypothesized that claustrum volumes are lower in schizophrenia and also that potentially lower volumes mediate patients' attention deficits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, advanced automated claustrum segmentation, and attention symbol coding task in 90 patients with schizophrenia and 96 healthy control participants from 2 independent sites, the COBRE open-source database and Munich dataset, we compared total intracranial volume-normalized claustrum volumes and symbol coding task scores across groups via analysis of covariance and related variables via correlation and mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients had lower claustrum volumes of about 13% (p < .001, Hedges' g = 0.63), which not only correlated with (r = 0.24, p = .014) but also mediated lower symbol coding task scores (indirect effect ab = -1.30 ± 0.69; 95% CI, -3.73 to -1.04). Results were not confounded by age, sex, global and claustrum-adjacent gray matter changes, scanner site, smoking, and medication.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results demonstrate lower claustrum volumes that mediate patients' attention deficits in schizophrenia. Data indicate the claustrum as being relevant for schizophrenia pathophysiology and cognitive functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala and Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Adolescents and Adults With Depression.","authors":"Shijia Fan, Yuxi Wang, Yin Wang, Yinyin Zang","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent depression is a growing public health concern, and neuroimaging offers a promising approach to its pathology. We focused on the functional connectivity of the amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), which is theoretically important in major depressive disorder (MDD), but empirical evidence has remained inconsistent. This discrepancy is likely due to the limited statistical power of small sample sizes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We rigorously examined sgACC-amygdala connectivity in adolescents and adults with depression using data from the Healthy Brain Network (n = 321; 170 female), the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study (n = 141; 56 female), the Boston Adolescent Neuroimaging of Depression and Anxiety study (n = 108; 75 female), and the REST-meta-MDD project (n = 1436; 880 female). Linear mixed models, Bayesian factor analyses, and meta-analysis were used to assess connectivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analyses revealed that sgACC-amygdala connectivity in adolescents with MDD was comparable to that in healthy control individuals, whereas adults with recurrent MDD exhibited reduced connectivity. Resampling analysis demonstrated that small sample sizes (i.e., n < 30 MDD cases) tend to inflate effects, potentially leading to misinterpretations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings clarify the state of sgACC-amygdala connectivity in MDD and underscore the importance of refining neurocognitive models separately for adolescents and adults. The study also highlights the necessity for large-scale replication studies to ensure robust and reliable findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Brain Age Indicators of Internalizing Problems in Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Investigation.","authors":"Niamh MacSweeney, Dani Beck, Lucy Whitmore, Kathryn L Mills, Lars T Westlye, Tilmann von Soest, Lia Ferschmann, Christian K Tamnes","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescence is a time of increased risk for the onset of internalizing problems, particularly in females. However, how individual differences in brain maturation are related to the increased vulnerability for internalizing problems in adolescence remains poorly understood due to a scarcity of longitudinal studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study data, we examined longitudinal associations between multimodal brain age and youth internalizing problems. Brain age models were trained, validated, and tested independently on T1-weighted imaging (n = 9523), diffusion tensor imaging (n = 8834), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (n = 8233) data at baseline (mean_age = 9.9 years) and 2-year follow-up (mean_age = 11.9 years). Self-reported internalizing problems were measured at 3-year follow-up (mean_age = 12.9 years) using the Brief Problem Monitor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latent change score models demonstrated that although brain age gap (BAG) at baseline was not related to later internalizing problems, an increase in BAG between time points was positively associated with internalizing problems at 3-year follow-up in females but not males. This association between an increasing BAG and higher internalizing problems was observed in the T1-weighted imaging (β = 0.067, SE = 0.050, false discovery rate [FDR]-corrected p = .020) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (β = 0.090, SE = 0.025, p_FDR = .007) models but not diffusion tensor imaging (β = -0.002, SE = 0.053, p_FDR = .932) and remained significant when accounting for earlier internalizing problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A greater increase in BAG in early adolescence may reflect the heightened vulnerability shown by female youth to internalizing problems. Longitudinal research is necessary to understand whether this increasing BAG signifies accelerated brain development and its relationship to the trajectory of internalizing problems throughout adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoactivation of the Ventromedial Frontal Cortex in Major Depressive Disorder: A Magnetoencephalography Study of the Reward Positivity.","authors":"Christopher J H Pirrung, Garima Singh, Jeremy Hogeveen, Davin Quinn, James F Cavanagh","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The reward positivity (RewP) is a sensitive and specific electrophysiological marker of reward receipt. These characteristics make it a compelling candidate marker of dysfunctional reward processing in major depressive disorder. We previously proposed that the RewP is a temporal nexus for multiple dimensions of reward value and that a diminished RewP in depression might only reflect a deficit in some of these features. Specifically, we predicted a diminished ventromedial contribution in depression in the context of maintained reward learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected magnetoencephalography recordings of reward receipt in 43 individuals with major depressive disorder (35 female) and 38 healthy control individuals (21 female). Magnetoencephalography allows effective source estimation due to the absence of volume conduction that compromises electroencephalographic recordings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The magnetoencephalography RewP analog was generated by a broad set of cortical areas, but only right ventromedial and right ventral temporal areas were diminished in major depressive disorder. These areas correlated with a principal component of anhedonia derived from multiple questionnaires. Compellingly, Brodmann area 25 was the frontal region with the largest representation in both of these effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings not only advance our understanding underlying the computation of the RewP, but are also consistent with findings from other types of functional source imaging in depression, as well as from deep brain stimulation treatments. Together, these discoveries suggest that the RewP may be a valuable marker for objective assessment of reward affect and its disruption in anhedonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfiguration of Functional Brain Network Organization and Dynamics With Changing Cognitive Demands in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Cleanthis Michael, Mackenzie E Mitchell, Arianna D Cascone, Nicholas D Fogleman, Keri S Rosch, Sarah A Cutts, James J Pekar, Olaf Sporns, Stewart H Mostofsky, Jessica R Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by atypical brain network organization and dynamics. Although functional brain networks adaptively reconfigure across cognitive contexts, previous studies have largely focused on network dysfunction during the resting state. In this preliminary study, we examined how functional brain network organization and dynamics flexibly reconfigure across rest and 2 cognitive control tasks with different cognitive demands in 30 children with ADHD and 36 typically developing children (ages 8-12 years).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We leveraged graph theoretical analyses to interrogate the segregation (modularity, within-module degree) and integration (global efficiency, node dissociation index) of frontoparietal, cingulo-opercular/salience, default mode, somatomotor, and visual networks. We also conducted edge time series analyses to quantify connectivity dynamics within and between these networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across resting and task-based states, children with ADHD demonstrated significantly lower whole-graph modularity and a greater node dissociation index between default mode and visual networks. Furthermore, a significant task-by-diagnosis interaction was observed for frontoparietal network within-module degree, which decreased from rest to task in children with ADHD but increased in typically developing children. Finally, children with ADHD displayed significantly more dynamic connectivity within and across cingulo-opercular/salience, default mode, and somatomotor networks, especially during task performance. Exploratory analyses revealed associations between network dynamics, cognitive performance, and ADHD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By integrating static and dynamic network analyses across changing cognitive demands, this study provides novel insight into how context-specific, context-general, and timescale-dependent network connectivity is altered in children with ADHD. Our findings highlight the involvement and clinical relevance of both association and sensory/motor systems in ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Functional Connectivity of Unimodal Sensory and Multisensory Integration Networks Is Related to Symptom Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Yahui Chen, Chen Yang, Bicheng Gao, Kehui Chen, R Joanne Jao Keehn, Ralph-Axel Müller, Li-Xia Yuan, Yuqi You","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atypical sensory processing is a prevalent feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and constitutes a core diagnostic criterion in DSM-5. However, the neurocognitive underpinnings of atypical unimodal and multimodal sensory processing and their relationships with autism symptoms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we examined intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) patterns among 5 unimodal sensory and multisensory integration (MSI) networks in ASD using a large multisite dataset (N = 646) and investigated the relationships between altered FC, atypical sensory processing, social communicative deficits, and overall autism symptoms using correlation and mediation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with typically developing control participants, participants in the ASD group demonstrated increased FC of the olfactory network, decreased FC within the MSI network, and decreased FC of the MSI-unimodal sensory networks. Furthermore, altered FC was positively associated with autism symptom severity, and such associations were completely mediated by atypical sensory processing and social communicative deficits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ASD-specific olfactory overconnectivity and MSI-unimodal sensory underconnectivity lend support to the intense world theory and weak central coherence theory, suggesting olfactory hypersensitivity at the expense of MSI as a potential neural mechanism underlying atypical sensory processing in ASD. These atypical FC patterns suggest potential targets for psychological and neuromodulatory interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}