Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Multiscale Analysis Reveals Hippocampal Subfield Vulnerabilities to Chronic Cortisol Overexposure: Evidence From Cushing's Disease.","authors":"Guosong Shang, Tao Zhou, Xinyuan Yan, Kunyu He, Bin Liu, Zhebin Feng, Junpeng Xu, Xinguang Yu, Yanyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic cortisol overexposure plays a significant role in the development of neuropathological changes associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The hippocampus, the primary target of cortisol, may exhibit characteristic regional responses due to its internal heterogeneity. In this study, we explored structural and functional alterations of hippocampal (HP) subfields in Cushing's disease (CD), an endogenous model of chronic cortisol overexposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 169 participants (86 patients with CD and 83 healthy control participants [HCs]) recruited from a single center, we investigated specific structural changes in HP subfields and explored the functional connectivity alterations driven by these structural abnormalities. We also analyzed potential associative mechanisms between these changes and biological attributes, neuropsychiatric representations, cognitive function, and gene expression profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with HCs, patients with CD exhibited significant bilateral volume reductions in multiple HP subfields. Notably, volumetric decreases in the left HP body and tail subfields were significantly correlated with cortisol levels, Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, and quality of life measures. Disrupted connectivity between the structurally abnormal HP subfields and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex may impair reward-based decision making and emotional regulation, with this dysconnectivity being linked to structural changes in right HP subfields. Another region that exhibited dysconnectivity was located in the left pallidum and putamen. Gene expression patterns associated with synaptic components may underlie these macrostructural alterations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings elucidate the subfield-specific effects of chronic cortisol overexposure on the hippocampus, enhancing understanding of shared neuropathological traits linked to cortisol dysregulation in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualized Spectral Features in First-Episode and Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder: Insights From Periodic and Aperiodic Electroencephalography Analysis.","authors":"Jiaxin Li, Dongsheng Xiong, Chenyang Gao, Yuanyuan Huang, Zhaobo Li, Jing Zhou, Yuping Ning, Fengchun Wu, Kai Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The detection of abnormal brain activity plays an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent studies have shown that the decomposition of the electroencephalography (EEG) spectrum into periodic and aperiodic components is useful for identifying the drivers of electrophysiologic abnormalities and avoiding individual differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we aimed to elucidate the pathological changes in individualized periodic and aperiodic activities and their relationships with the symptoms of MDD. EEG data in the eyes-closed resting state were continuously recorded from 97 first-episode and drug-naïve patients with MDD and 90 healthy control participants. Both periodic oscillations and aperiodic components were obtained via the fitting oscillations and one-over f (FOOOF) algorithm and then used to compute individualized spectral features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with MDD presented higher canonical alpha and beta band power but lower aperiodic-adjusted alpha and beta power. Furthermore, we found that alpha power was strongly correlated with the age of patients but not with disease symptoms. The aperiodic intercept was lower in the parieto-occipital region and was positively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores after accounting for age and sex. In the asymmetry analysis, alpha activity appeared asymmetrical only in the healthy control group, whereas aperiodic activity was symmetrical in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study provide insights into the role of abnormal neural spiking activity and impaired neuroplasticity in MDD progression and suggest that the aperiodic intercept in resting-state EEG may be a potential biomarker of MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial Discrimination-Related Interoceptive Network Disruptions: A Pathway to Disconnection.","authors":"Aziz Elbasheir, Rachel Bond, Nathaniel G Harnett, Alfonsina Guelfo, Maya C Karkare, Travis M Fulton, Timothy D Ely, Timothy J McDermott, Ruth A Lanius, Vishwadeep Ahluwalia, Bekh Bradley, Greg J Siegle, Negar Fani","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Racial discrimination (RD) disrupts regulatory systems in minoritized individuals, particularly systems that govern attention, including attention to visceral signals (interoception). RD frequency is linked to physiological shutdown responses, characterized clinically by dissociation. We examined associations between RD frequency and functional connectivity of attention and interoceptive networks in a sample of trauma-exposed Black women, investigating potential links between connectivity and dissociation severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two Black women who were recruited as part of two trauma studies underwent magnetic resonance imaging during performance of an affective Stroop (AS) task and completed dissociation and RD measures. Generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses were used to examine seed-to-voxel (seeds: bilateral amygdala and insula) functional connectivity with RD as a regressor; connectivity was examined during presentation of threat-relevant versus neutral AS distractor images. Connectivity values were extracted from significant clusters and examined in association with dissociative symptoms. We also investigated connectivity in association with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms for comparison analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During attention to threat-relevant AS trials, greater RD frequency was associated with less insula connectivity to several medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) clusters (false discovery rate-corrected ps < .05). Insula-mPFC connectivity was significantly and negatively associated with derealization symptoms (r = -0.31, p = .009), but not PTSD (r = -0.16, p = .182).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RD frequency was linked to reduced functional connectivity between the insula and mPFC, 2 interoceptive network nodes, during attention to threat, and diminished connectivity was linked to more severe dissociation. RD may interrupt interoceptive network functioning, and these network alterations may, in turn, influence mind-body disconnection, or physiological shutdown response in Black individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing Delay Discounting in Human Cocaine Addiction Using Computational Modeling and Neuroimaging.","authors":"Michal M Graczyk, Rudolf N Cardinal, Tsen Vei Lim, Salvatore Nigro, Elijah Mak, Karen D Ersche","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A preference for sooner-smaller over later-larger rewards, known as delay discounting, is a candidate transdiagnostic marker of waiting impulsivity and a research domain criterion. While abnormal discounting rates have been associated with many psychiatric diagnoses and abnormal brain structure, the underlying neuropsychological processes remain largely unknown. Here, we deconstruct delay discounting into choice and rate processes by testing different computational models and investigate their associations with white matter tracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD) (n = 107) and healthy participants (n = 81) completed the Monetary Choice Questionnaire. We computed their discounting rate using the well-known Kirby method, as well as logistic regression, single-subject Bayesian, and full hierarchical Bayesian models. In Bayesian models, we also included a choice sharpness parameter. Seventy patients with CUD and 69 healthy participants also underwent diffusion tensor imaging tractography to quantify streamlines that connect the executive control and valuation brain networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with CUD showed significantly higher discounting rates and lower choice sharpness, suggesting greater indifference in their choices. Importantly, the full Bayesian model had the greatest reliability for parameter recovery when compared to the Kirby and logistic regression methods. Using Bayesian estimates, we found that white matter streamlines that connect the executive control network with the nucleus accumbens predicted the discounting rate in healthy participants but not in patients with CUD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrated that measuring delay discounting and choice sharpness directly with a novel computational model explained impulsive discounting choices in patients with CUD better than standard hyperbolic discounting. Our findings highlight a distinct neuropsychological phenotype of impulsive discounting, which may be generalizable to other patient groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amygdala-Centered Emotional Processing in Prolonged Grief Disorder: Relationship With Clinical Symptomatology.","authors":"Gyujoon Hwang, Nutta-On P Blair, B Douglas Ward, Timothy L McAuliffe, Stacy A Claesges, Abigail R Webber, Keri R Hainsworth, Yang Wang, Charles F Reynolds, Elliot A Stein, Joseph S Goveas","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a multidimensional condition with adverse health consequences. We hypothesized that enhanced negative emotional bias characterizes this disorder and underlies its key clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional design, chronically grieving older adults (age 61.5 ± 8.9 years) experiencing probable PGD (n = 33) were compared with demographic- and time since loss-equated integrated (adaptive) grief participants (n = 38). To probe generalized negative affective reactivity, participants performed an emotional face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning and completed demographic and clinical assessments. Contrast maps (fearful + angry faces [-] shapes) were generated to determine group differences in brain activity within hypothesized affective and regulatory processing regions (amygdala, anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and in exploratory whole-brain regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PGD group showed higher right amygdala activation to negative emotional stimuli than the integrated grief group (p_corrected < .05), which positively correlated with intrusive thoughts. Generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed lower task-dependent functional connectivity (FC) between the right amygdala and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus in PGD (p_corrected < .05), which negatively correlated with avoidance of loss reminders. Resting-state FC between the identified right amygdala and thalamus was higher in PGD (p_corrected < .05), which negatively correlated with loneliness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dysregulated amygdala-centric neural activity and FC during processing of negative affective stimuli and at rest appear to differentiate prolonged from integrated grief in older adults. Future investigations that use interventions to target amygdala-centric neural circuit abnormalities may provide new insights into the role of enhanced negative bias and related mechanisms that underlie PGD and support treatment efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delusional Unreality and Predictive Processing.","authors":"Santiago Castiello, Rosa Rossi-Goldthorpe, Siyan Fan, Joshua Kenney, James A Waltz, Molly Erickson, Sonia Bansal, James M Gold, Philip R Corlett","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phenomenological psychopathologists have recently highlighted how people with delusions experience multiple realities (delusional and nondelusional) and have suggested that this double bookkeeping cannot be explained via predictive processing. Here, we present data from Kamin blocking and extinction learning that show how predictive processing might, in principle, explain a pervasive sense of dual reality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 3 participant groups: patients with schizophrenia (SZ) (n = 42), healthy participants with elevated esoteric beliefs (EEBs) (clairaudient psychics) (n = 31), and healthy control participants (HCs) with neither illness nor significant delusional ideation (n = 62). We examined belief formation using a Kamin blocking causal learning task with extinction and delusions with the 40-item Peters Delusion Inventory, specifically the unreality item \"Do things around you ever feel unreal, as though it was all part of an experiment?\" as a proxy for unreality experiences and beliefs. A clinician also assessed symptoms with a structured clinical interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Some people with SZ did not report a sense of unreality, and some people with elevated esoteric beliefs (but no psychotic illness) reported unreality experiences. No HCs reported them (despite reporting other delusion-like beliefs). Unreality experiences in clinical delusions and nonclinical delusion-like beliefs were associated with different types of aberrant prediction error processing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data suggest how predictive processing may explain the sense of unreality. They indicate that different prediction error dysfunctions are associated with delusions with different contents. In this case, we have used predictive processing to address a salient issue raised by our phenomenological colleagues, namely the impact of psychosis on experiences of and beliefs about reality.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Equanimity With Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: A Novel Framework for Mindfulness Interventions.","authors":"Brian Lord, John J B Allen, Shinzen Young, Joseph L Sanguinetti","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mindfulness has gained widespread recognition for its benefits for mental health, cognitive performance, and well-being. However, the multifaceted nature of mindfulness, which encompasses elements such as attentional focus, emotional regulation, and present-moment awareness, complicates its definition and measurement. A key component that may underlie its broad benefits is equanimity-the ability to maintain an open and nonreactive attitude toward all sensory experiences. Empirical research suggests that mindfulness works through a combination of top-down attentional control and bottom-up sensory and emotional processes and that equanimity's role in regulating those bottom-up processes drives the psychological and physiological benefits, making it a promising target for both theoretical and practical exploration. Given these findings, the development of interventions that specifically augment equanimity could improve the impact of mindfulness practices. Research into noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) suggests that it is a potential tool for altering neural circuits involved in mindfulness. However, most NIBS studies reported to date have focused on improving cognitive control systems and have left equanimity relatively unexplored. Preliminary findings from focused ultrasound interventions targeting the posterior cingulate cortex suggest that NIBS can directly facilitate equanimity by inhibiting self-referential processing in the default mode network to promote a more present-centered state of awareness. Future research should prioritize the integration of NIBS with well-defined mindfulness training protocols, focusing on equanimity as a core target. This approach could provide a novel framework for advancing both contemplative neuroscience and clinical applications, offering new insights into the mechanisms of mindfulness and refining NIBS methodologies to support individualized, precision wellness interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Brain Structure: A Neuroradiological Investigation Into White Matter Hyperintensities, Atrophy, and Microbleeds.","authors":"Vera Jane Erchinger, Ole Johan Evjenth Sørhaug, Stein Magnus Aukland, Gunnar Moen, Peter Moritz Schuster, Lars Ersland, Renate Grüner, Ketil J Oedegaard, Ute Kessler, Olga Therese Ousdal, Leif Oltedal","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-established treatment for severe depression, but it remains stigmatized due to public perceptions linking it with brain injury. Despite extensive research, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying ECT have not been fully elucidated. Recent findings suggest that ECT may work through disrupting depression circuitry. However, whether ECT is associated with neuroradiological correlates of brain injury, including white matter changes, atrophy, and microbleeds, remains largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans on 36 ECT patients (19 female), 19 healthy control participants (11 female), and 18 patients with atrial fibrillation (1 female) who were treated with electrical cardioversion while receiving an equivalent anesthetic as the ECT group. Scans were conducted at 4 time points: at baseline, after the first ECT treatment, after the ECT series, and at 6-month follow-up. We evaluated white matter changes using the Fazekas and the age-related white matter changes scales, atrophy using the global cortical atrophy and medial temporal lobe atrophy scales, and cerebral microbleeds using the Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients did not show any changes in radiological scores after ECT (all ps > .1), except for a decrease in microbleeds (p = .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Utilizing state-of-the-art MRI techniques, we found no significant evidence that ECT induces white matter changes, atrophy, or microbleeds. Thus, although ECT may work through disrupting depression circuitry, the treatment is not associated with neuroradiological signs of brain injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decomposing the Brain in Autism: Linking Behavioral Domains to Neuroanatomical Variation and Genomic Underpinnings.","authors":"Hanna Seelemeyer, Caroline Gurr, Johanna Leyhausen, Lisa M Berg, Charlotte M Pretzsch, Tim Schäfer, Bassem Hermila, Christine M Freitag, Eva Loth, Bethany Oakley, Luke Mason, Jan K Buitelaar, Christian F Beckmann, Dorothea L Floris, Tony Charman, Tobias Banaschewski, Emily Jones, Thomas Bourgeron, Declan Murphy, Christine Ecker","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autism is accompanied by highly individualized patterns of neurodevelopmental differences in brain anatomy. This variability makes the neuroanatomy of autism inherently difficult to describe at the group level. Here, we examined interindividual neuroanatomical differences using a dimensional approach that decomposed the domains of social communication and interaction (SCI), restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs), and atypical sensory processing (ASP) within a neurodiverse study population. Moreover, we aimed to link the resulting neuroanatomical patterns to specific molecular underpinnings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Neurodevelopmental differences in cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) were correlated with SCI, RRB, and ASP domain scores by regression of a general linear model in a large neurodiverse sample of 288 autistic individuals and 140 nonautistic individuals, ages 6 to 30 years, recruited within the European Autism Interventions Longitudinal European Autism Project (EU-AIMS LEAP). The domain-specific patterns of neuroanatomical variability were subsequently correlated with cortical gene expression profiles via the Allen Human Brain Atlas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across groups, behavioral variations in SCI, RRBs, and ASP were associated with interindividual differences in CT and SA in partially non-overlapping frontoparietal, temporal, and occipital networks. These domain-specific imaging patterns were enriched for genes that 1) are differentially expressed in autism, 2) mediate typical brain development, and 3) are associated with specific cortical cell types. Many of these genes were implicated in pathways governing synaptic structure and function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study corroborates the close relationship between neuroanatomical variation and interindividual differences in autism-related symptoms and traits within the general framework of neurodiversity and links domain-specific patterns of neuroanatomical differences to putative molecular underpinnings.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired Contour Object Perception in Psychosis.","authors":"Rohit S Kamath, Kimberly B Weldon, Hannah R Moser, Samantha A Montoya, Kamar S Abdullahi, Philip C Burton, Scott R Sponheim, Cheryl A Olman, Michael-Paul Schallmo","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contour integration, the process of joining spatially separated elements into a single unified line, has consistently been found to be impaired in schizophrenia. Recent work suggests that this deficit could be associated with psychotic symptomatology rather than a specific diagnosis such as schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Examining a transdiagnostic sample of participants with psychotic psychopathology, we obtained quantitative indices of contour perception in a psychophysical behavioral task. We also measured responses during an analogous task using ultra-high field (7T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found impaired contour discrimination performance among people with psychotic psychopathology (PwPP) (n = 63) compared with healthy control participants (n = 34) and biological relatives of PwPP (n = 44). Participants with schizophrenia (n = 31) showed impaired task performance compared with participants with bipolar disorder (n = 18). fMRI showed higher responses in the lateral occipital cortex of PwPP than in control participants. Using task-based functional connectivity analyses, we observed abnormal connectivity between visual brain areas during contour perception among PwPP. These connectivity differences only emerged when participants had to distinguish the contour object from background distractors, suggesting that a failure to suppress noise elements relative to contour elements may underlie impaired contour processing in PwPP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results are consistent with impaired contour integration in psychotic psychopathology, and especially schizophrenia, that is related to cognitive dysfunction and may be linked to impaired functional connectivity across visual regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}