Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Beyond the Descriptive: A Comprehensive, Multi-domain Validation of Symptom Trajectories for Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.","authors":"Wisteria Deng, Benjamin Chong, Jean Addington, Carrie E Bearden, Kristin S Cadenhead, Barbara A Cornblatt, Matcheri Keshavan, Daniel H Mathalon, Diana O Perkins, William Stone, Elaine F Walker, Scott W Woods, Tyrone D Cannon","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) criteria are widely used to ascertain individuals at heightened risk for imminent onset of psychosis, it remains controversial whether CHR-P status define a diagnostic construct in its own right. In a prior study, CHR-P non-converters were observed to follow three distinct trajectories in symptoms and functioning: remission, partial remission, and maintenance of symptoms and functional impairments at subthreshold levels of intensity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we utilized the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Phase 3 (NAPLS3) sample (N = 806) to determine whether: 1) the same trajectory groups can be detected when assessing symptoms at 2-month intervals over an 8-month period and 2) the resulting trajectory groups differ from each other and from healthy controls and converting CHR-P cases in terms of risk factors, comorbidities, and functional outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three distinctive subgroups within the CHR non-converters were identified, largely paralleling those previously observed. Importantly, these extracted groups, along with non-CHR controls and CHR converters, differ from each other significantly with respect to putative etiological risk factors (e.g., predicted risk scores, physiological and self-report measures of stress), affective comorbidities, as well as functional outcomes, providing converging evidence supporting the validity of the identified trajectory groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pattern, along with the fact that even the subgroup of CHR-P nonconverters showing a remission trajectory deviated from healthy controls, supports treating the CHR-P syndrome not just as a status that denotes risk for onset of full psychosis, but also as a marker of ongoing distress for a population in need of interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverging Effects of Violence Exposure and Psychiatric Symptoms on Amygdala-Prefrontal Maturation During Childhood and Adolescence.","authors":"Taylor J Keding, Justin D Russell, Xiaojin Zhu, Quanfa He, James J Li, Ryan J Herringa","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Violence exposure during childhood and adolescence is associated with increased prevalence and severity of psychopathology. Neurobiological correlates suggest that abnormal maturation of emotion-related brain circuitry, such as the amygdala-prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuit, may underlie the development of psychiatric symptoms after exposure. However, it remains unclear how amygdala-PFC circuit maturation is related to psychiatric risk in the context of violence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we analyzed individual differences in amygdala-PFC circuit maturity using data collected from the PNC (Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort) (n = 1133 youths). Neurodevelopment models of amygdala-PFC resting-state functional connectivity were built using deep learning and trained to predict chronological age in typically developing youths (not violence exposed and without a psychiatric diagnosis). Using the brain age gap estimate, an index of relative circuit maturation, patterns of atypical neurodevelopment were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Violence exposure was associated with delayed maturation of basolateral amygdala (BLA)-PFC circuits, driven by increased BLA-medial orbitofrontal cortex functional connectivity. In contrast, increased psychiatric symptoms were associated with advanced maturation of BLA-PFC functional connectivity, driven by decreased BLA-dorsolateral PFC functional connectivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Delayed frontoamygdala maturation after exposure to violence suggests atypical, but adaptive, development of threat appraisal processes, potentially reflecting a greater threat generalization characteristic of younger children. Advanced circuit maturation with increasing symptoms suggests divergent neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying illness after emotion circuits have adapted to adversity, exacerbated by preexisting vulnerabilities to early maturation. Disentangling the effects of adversity and psychopathology on neurodevelopment is crucial for helping youths recover from violence and preventing illness from continuing into adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Eye Movement Dynamics Reveal Altered Face Prioritization in Early Visual Processing Among Autistic Children.","authors":"Jason W Griffin, Adam Naples, Raphael Bernier, Katarzyna Chawarska, Geraldine Dawson, James Dziura, Susan Faja, Shafali Jeste, Natalia Kleinhans, Catherine Sugar, Sara Jane Webb, Frederick Shic, James C McPartland","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reduced social attention - looking at faces - is one of the most common manifestations of social difficulty in autism central to social development. Although reduced social attention is well-characterized in autism, qualitative differences in how social attention unfolds across time remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a computational modeling (i.e., hidden Markov modeling) approach to assess and compare the spatiotemporal dynamics of social attention in a large, well-characterized sample of autistic (n = 280) and neurotypical (n = 120) children (ages 6-11) that completed three social eye-tracking assays across three longitudinal time points (Baseline, 6 weeks, 24 weeks).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis supported the existence of two common eye movement patterns that emerged across three ET assays. A focused pattern was characterized by small face regions of interest, which had high probability of capturing fixations early in visual processing. In contrast, an exploratory pattern was characterized by larger face regions of interest, with lower initial probability of fixation, and more non-social regions of interest. In the context of social perception, autistic children showed significantly more exploratory eye movement patterns than neurotypical children across all social perception assays and all three longitudinal time points. Eye movement patterns were associated with clinical features of autism, including adaptive function, face recognition, and autism symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Decreased likelihood of precisely looking to faces early in social visual processing may be an important feature of autism that was associated with autism-related symptomology and may reflect less visual sensitivity to face information.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing brain iron and its relationship to cognition and comorbidity in children with ADHD with quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).","authors":"Marcel Schulze, David Coghill, Silke Lux, Alexandra Philipsen, Tim Silk","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a neuroimaging technique that detects local changes in magnetic susceptibility induced by brain iron. Brain iron and the dopaminergic system are linked since iron is an important cofactor for dopamine synthesis. ADHD is associated with dysregulation of dopaminergic transmission. Therefore, we applied QSM on subcortical structures, to study potential alterations in brain iron and its impact on cognition and mental health in children with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>3 Tesla QSM-data of 111 participants (n_ADHD= 58, mean age: 13.2 (0.63); n_Controls=53, mean age: 13.2 (0.51)) were analyzed. Subcortical regional brain iron values were extracted. ANOVAs examined group differences for each region of interest. For dimensional approaches, Pearson correlation analysis was performed across the cohort examining the association with symptoms, mental health, and cognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found in iron susceptibility between ADHD and control, between persistent and remitted ADHD, or between medication use. An unexpected finding was that children with internalising disorder had significantly higher iron susceptibility, but the result did not survive multiple comparison corrections. Higher brain iron was associated with sustained attention, but not on inhibition, IQ, and working memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study addressing brain iron susceptibility and its association with comorbidities and cognition in ADHD. Alterations in brain iron may not account for the full diagnosis of ADHD but may be an indicator of internalising problems in children. Alterations in brain iron content in children were linked to detrimental sustained attention and may represent developmental variation in cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reward Positivity Mediates the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Anhedonia in Young Adults With Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder.","authors":"Ciqing Bao, Qiaoyang Zhang, Haowen Zou, Chen He, Rui Yan, Lingling Hua, Qing Lu, Zhijian Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current clinical studies have indicated that major depressive disorder (MDD) concurrent with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with greater anhedonia. However, little is known about whether the change in reward sensitivity among young individuals with MDD and ACEs is related to anhedonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated anhedonia and ACEs in 86 patients with MDD (31 with no or 1 ACE and 55 with 2 or more ACEs) and 44 healthy control participants. Then, participants completed the Iowa Gambling Task during electroencephalography to measure the reward positivity (RewP) and its difference (ΔRewP; gains minus losses). Furthermore, we constructed a mediation model to assess whether aberrant ΔRewP mediated the relationship between ACEs and anhedonia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with healthy control participants and MDD patients with no or 1 ACE, MDD patients with 2 or more ACEs had the most severe symptoms of anhedonia and impaired decision making and showed significantly reduced reward sensitivity (most blunted ΔRewP). More importantly, ΔRewP mediated the relationship between ACEs and anhedonia in MDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that the ΔRewP partially mediated the association between ACEs and anhedonia in patients with MDD, which provides evidence for the neurobiological basis of abnormal changes in the reward system in MDD individuals with early adverse experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sandesh Reddy, Katherine E Kabotyanski, Samad Hirani, Tommy Liu, Zain Naqvi, Nisha Giridharan, Mohammed Hasen, Nicole R Provenza, Garrett P Banks, Sanjay J Mathew, Wayne K Goodman, Sameer A Sheth","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment-resistant depression affects about 30% of individuals with major depressive disorder. Deep brain stimulation is an investigational intervention for treatment-resistant depression with varied results. We undertook this meta-analysis to synthesize outcome data across trial designs, anatomical targets, and institutions to better establish efficacy and side-effect profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic PubMed review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seven randomized controlled trials (n = 198) and 8 open-label trials (n = 77) were included spanning 2009 to 2020. Outcome measures included Hamilton Depression Rating Scale or Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores, as well as response and remission rates over time. Outcomes were tracked at the last follow-up and quantified as a time course using model-based network meta-analysis. Linear mixed models were fit to individual patient data to identify covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Deep brain stimulation achieved 47% improvement in long-term depression scale scores, with an estimated time to reach 50% improvement of around 23 months. There were no significant subgroup effects of stimulation target, time of last follow-up, sex, age of disease onset, or duration of disease, but open-label trials showed significantly greater treatment effects than randomized controlled trials. Long-term (12-60 month) response and remission rates were 48% and 35%, respectively. The time course of improvement with active stimulation could not be adequately distinguished from that with sham stimulation, when available.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deep brain stimulation produces significant chronic improvement in symptoms of treatment-resistant depression. However, the limited sham-controlled data do not demonstrate significant improvement over placebo. Future advancements in stimulation optimization and careful blinding and placebo schemes are important next steps for this therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Neural Signature for Reappraisal as an Emotion Regulation Strategy: Relationship to Stress-Related Suicidal Ideation and Negative Affect in Major Depression.","authors":"Sarah Herzog, Noam Schneck, Hanga Galfalvy, Tse Hwei-Choo, Mike Schmidt, Christina A Michel, M Elizabeth Sublette, Ainsley Burke, Kevin Ochsner, J John Mann, Maria A Oquendo, Barbara H Stanley","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impaired emotion regulation (ER) contributes to major depression, and suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior. ER is typically studied by explicitly directing participants to regulate, but this may not capture depressed individuals' spontaneous tendencies to engage ER in daily life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In N=82 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD), we examined the relationship of spontaneous engagement of ER to real-world responses to stress. We used a machine learning-derived neural signature reflecting neural systems underlying cognitive reappraisal (an ER strategy) to identify reappraisal-related activity while participants recalled negative autobiographical memories under the following conditions: 1) unstructured recall; 2) distanced recall, a form of reappraisal; and 3) immersed recall (comparison condition). Participants also completed a week of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measuring daily stressors, suicidal ideation (SI), and negative affect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher reappraisal signature output for the unstructured period, a proxy for the spontaneous tendency to engage ER, was associated with greater increases in SI following stressors (b=0.083, p=0.041). Higher signature output for distanced recall, a proxy for the capacity to engage ER when directed, was associated with lower negative affect following stressors (b=-0.085, p=0.029). Output for the immerse period was not associated with EMA outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that, in MDD, the spontaneous tendency to react to negative memories with attempts to reappraise may indicate greater reactivity to negative cues; while intact capacity to use reappraisal when directed may be associated with more adaptive responses to stress. These data have implications for understanding stress-related increases in suicide risk in depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Losing Control: Prefrontal Emotion Regulation Is Related to Symptom Severity and Predicts Treatment-Related Symptom Change in Adolescent Girls With Conduct Disorder.","authors":"Nora Maria Raschle, Réka Borbás, Plamina Dimanova, Eva Unternaehrer, Gregor Kohls, Stephane De Brito, Graeme Fairchild, Christine M Freitag, Kerstin Konrad, Christina Stadler","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emotion regulation skills are linked to corticolimbic brain activity (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [dlPFC] and limbic regions) and enable an individual to control their emotional experiences, thus allowing healthy social functioning. Disruptions in emotion regulation skills are reported in neuropsychiatric disorders, including conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder (CD/ODD). Clinically recognized means to ameliorate emotion regulation deficits observed in CD/ODD include cognitive or dialectical behavioral skills therapy as implemented in the START NOW program. However, the role of emotion regulation and its neural substrates in symptom severity and prognosis following treatment of adolescent CD/ODD has not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data including functional magnetic resonance imaging responses during emotion regulation (N = 114; average age = 15 years), repeated-measures assessments of symptom severity (pretreatment, posttreatment, long-term follow-up), and functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected prior to and following the START NOW randomized controlled trial (n = 44) for female adolescents with CD/ODD were analyzed using group comparisons and multiple regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First, behavioral and neural correlates of emotion regulation were disrupted in female adolescents with CD/ODD. Second, ODD symptom severity was negatively associated with dlPFC/precentral gyrus activity during regulation. Third, treatment-related symptom changes were predicted by pretreatment ODD symptom severity and regulatory dlPFC/precentral activity. Additionally, pretreatment dlPFC/precentral activity and ODD symptom severity predicted long-term reductions in symptom severity following treatment for participants who received the START NOW treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate the important role that emotion regulation skills play in the characteristics of CD/ODD and show that regulatory dlPFC/precentral activity is positively associated with treatment response in female adolescents with CD/ODD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Activation and Aberrant Effective Connectivity in the Mentalizing Network of Preadolescent Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder.","authors":"Lotte Veddum, Vibeke Bliksted, Yuan Zhou, Anna Krogh Andreassen, Christina Bruun Knudsen, Aja Neergaard Greve, Nanna Lawaetz Steffensen, Merete Birk, Nicoline Hemager, Julie Marie Brandt, Maja Gregersen, Line Korsgaard Johnsen, Kit Melissa Larsen, William Frans Christiaan Baaré, Kathrine Skak Madsen, Hartwig Roman Siebner, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup, Leif Østergaard, Merete Nordentoft, Ole Mors, Torben Ellegaard Lund, Martin Dietz","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are characterized by social cognitive impairments, and recent research has identified alterations of the social brain. However, it is unknown whether familial high risk (FHR) of these disorders is associated with neurobiological alterations already present in childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As part of the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study-VIA 11, we examined children at FHR of schizophrenia (n = 121, 50% female) or bipolar disorder (n = 75, 47% female) and population-based control children (PBCs) (n = 128, 48% female). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic causal modeling, we investigated brain activation and effective connectivity during the social cognition paradigm from the Human Connectome Project.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found similar activation of the mentalizing network across groups, including visual area V5, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). Nonetheless, both FHR groups showed aberrant brain connectivity in the form of increased feedforward connectivity from left V5 to pSTS compared with PBCs. Children at FHR of schizophrenia had reduced intrinsic connectivity in bilateral V5 compared with PBCs, whereas children at FHR of bipolar disorder showed increased reciprocal connectivity between the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the pSTS, increased intrinsic connectivity in the right pSTS, and reduced feedforward connectivity from the right pSTS to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex compared with PBCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results provide first-time evidence of aberrant brain connectivity in the mentalizing network of children at FHR of schizophrenia or FHR of bipolar disorder. Longitudinal research is warranted to clarify whether aberrant brain connectivity during mentalizing constitutes an endophenotype associated with the development of a mental disorder later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized Slowing of Resting-State Neural Oscillations in People With Schizophrenia.","authors":"Scott R Sponheim, Ian S Ramsay, Peter A Lynn, Sophia Vinogradov","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent interest in how neural oscillations reflect the flow of information through the brain has led to partitioning electroencephalography (EEG) recordings into periodic (i.e., oscillatory) and aperiodic (i.e., non-oscillatory) components. While both contribute to conventional measures of power within the frequencies that compose EEG recordings, the periodic aspect characterizes true oscillations, the speed of which is thought to be critical to efficient functioning of neural systems. Given evidence of EEG power abnormalities in schizophrenia (SCZ), we sought to determine whether the periodic aspect of EEG was aberrant in people with SCZ and could serve as a general measure of brain efficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state EEGs were gathered from 104 participants with SCZ and 105 healthy control participants. We used the FOOOF toolbox to remove aperiodic neural activity. We computed the cross-correlation between power spectra for individual participants and the mean power spectrum for all participants to quantify the relative speed of neural oscillations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Periodic activity in SCZ was shifted toward lower frequencies than control participants during eyes-closed rest. On average, participants with SCZ had a 0.55-Hz shift toward oscillatory slowing across the frequency spectrum that predicted worse perceptual reasoning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Slowed periodic activity at rest is evident in SCZ and may represent inefficient functioning of neural circuits as reflected in worse perceptual reasoning. A slower pace of neural oscillations may be a general limitation on the transmission of information within the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}