Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Chronic early-life obesity linked to childhood impulsivity predicts long-term psychosis trajectory through dose-dependent cerebellar dysmaturation in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.","authors":"Corrado Sandini, Natacha Reich, Farnaz Delavari, Lara Pajic, Andrea Escelsior, Silas Forrer, Andrea Imparato, Nada Kojovic, Caren Latreche, Valeria Parlatini, Samuele Cortese, Maude Schneider, Stephan Eliez","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent epidemiological evidence links early-life obesity and metabolic dysregulation to adult psychosis vulnerability, though a causal relationship remains unclear. Establishing causality in highly heritable psychotic disorders requires: 1) demonstrating that early-life metabolic factors mediate between genetic vulnerability and psychosis trajectory, 2) dissecting mechanisms leading to early-life obesity in genetically vulnerable individuals, and 3) clarifying downstream neurodevelopmental pathways linking early-life obesity to psychosis symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here we investigated bidirectional pathways linking behavioral, BMI, and neurodevelopment trajectories in a unique longitudinal cohort of 184 individuals at high genetic risk for psychosis, due to 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS), and 182 neurotypical controls, followed-up since childhood. We combined repeated BMI measurements with clinical/neurocognitive phenotyping and neuroimaging. We investigated the relationship between BMI trajectories with risk of psychosis and tested whether altered cortical or cerebellar development could underlie this association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Childhood behavioral impulsivity predicted early and progressive deviations in BMI trajectories, mediating the effects of 22q11DS vulnerability to early-life obesity. Chronic BMI-increases manifesting during childhood predicted the subsequent emergence of psychosis during late-adolescence/early-adulthood, mediating the effects of behavioral impulsivity. A dose effect relationship linked duration of increased BMI-status to worsening of motor and cognitive disorganization, a key schizophrenia symptom domain, which was mediated by progressive gray matter volume reductions in posterior-inferior cerebellum.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity may link childhood behavioral impulsivity to psychosis vulnerability in 22q11DS, by influencing cerebellar maturation. These findings might support preventive interventions targeting early-life metabolic trajectories in individuals at risk of psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Dynamic Network Stability in Remitted Late Life Depression Associated with Depression Recurrence.","authors":"Damek Homiack, Brian Boyd, Aifeng Zhang, J Patrick Begnoche, Meryl Butters, Carmen Andreescu, Warren D Taylor, Olusola Ajilore","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with negative outcomes including high rates of recurrence and cognitive decline. However, the neurobiological changes influencing such outcomes in LLD are not well understood. Disequilibrium in large-scale brain networks may contribute to LLD-related cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Never-depressed older adults and participants in early remission from LLD were recruited as part of the REMBRANDT study. At study entry, participants completed a resting-state fMRI scan and neuropsychological testing and were subsequently monitored over two years for depression recurrence. Using a previously described algorithm, recurring whole-brain states of spatial co-activation were identified by k-means consensus clustering. Co-occurring network state properties from never-depressed participants (n = 40) were then compared to LLD participants who remained in remission (n = 50) or experienced depression recurrence (n = 33).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A three-network solution overlapping anatomically with the Default Mode Network, Cognitive Control Network, and Anterior Salience Network best explained recurring network states. Compared with never-depressed older adults, participants who remitted from LLD exhibited decreased network resilience and altered transitions between networks. Stability of specific networks were associated with baseline clinical and neuropsychological markers in never-depressed and sustained remission participants but were blunted for participants who experienced depression recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, these data suggest that LLD alters dynamic network stability lasting into remission. Furthermore, stability of specific networks states is associated with clinical and neuropsychological markers which may predict the likelihood of a recurrent episode of LLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual-Specific Neural Subspaces Reveal Reward Dysregulation and State Transition Vulnerabilities in Internet Gaming Disorder.","authors":"Min Wang, Ningning Zeng, Hui Zheng, Shaoyu Cui, Xuefeng Xu, Xin Luo, Guang-Heng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a clinically heterogeneous condition, yet the underlying neurobiological subtypes remain to be elucidated. Investigating the sub-patterns of spontaneous neural activity and the state switching from individual to group patterns may provide deeper insights into the etiology of IGD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state functional MRI data were collected from 519 participants (257 with IGD; 262 recreational game users, RGU). The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation was computed to assess spontaneous neural activity. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was employed to extract features predictive of subjects' addictive severity. Network control theory (NCT) was utilized to quantify the energy required for brain state transitions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to RGU, IGD subjects exhibited heightened activity in brain patterns (involving the basal ganglia, and thalamic regions) associated with reward processing. The individual weight of this pattern was positively associated with addiction severity and the spatial intensity was negatively correlated with the density of 5-HT_1A receptors. Furthermore, NCT analysis demonstrated that transitioning to a high-craving state required less control energy than transitioning to other states.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although neural activity varies among IGD individuals, the homogeneity can be embedded in reward processing related brain areas. The reduction in 5-HT_1A receptor density could be a potential substrate for this pattern. IGD subjects' transition more readily to high-craving states than to other states. These results elucidate neural mechanisms underlying IGD and highlight the importance of individualized approaches in treating the disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing interthalamic adhesion morphology in schizophrenia: associations with aging, neuropsychological functioning, and atypical hippocampal development.","authors":"Zachary Bergson, Maxwell J Roeske, Baxter P Rogers, Anna S Huang, Victoria Fox, Stephan Heckers, Neil D Woodward","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interthalamic adhesion (IA) is a midline structure connecting the left and right thalamus that typically develops during the 2^nd trimester of pregnancy. Missing and smaller IA has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, and subtle deficits in cognition. However, findings are inconsistent and the association between IA and other anatomical variants linked to atypical brain development in schizophrenia, including incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI), is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Presence/absence and morphology of the IA were ascertained on structural T1-weighted MRI images obtained at 3T in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD; n = 223) and healthy individuals (n = 194) and compared between groups. Associations between IA morphology, cognitive function, and incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of missing IA was 1.7% and did not differ between groups. IA was significantly smaller in SSD (p <.001). However, follow-up analyses revealed that smaller IA size in SSD was due to a significant Diagnosis x Age interaction characterized by a stronger negative age effect in SSD. IHI was significantly more common in individuals with missing IA. Neurocognition was not correlated with IA size when controlling for age and diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stronger effects of age on IA size in SSD suggests that abnormal IA size measured in adulthood may not be a reliable static indicator of atypical neurodevelopment, but may reflect disease progression or accelerated aging. Missing IA was rare in our sample. Conversely, missing IA was associated with IHI suggesting a shared neurodevelopmental disruption in the 2^nd trimester.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma from the Eye of the Beholder: Reporter Discordance in Child's Trauma, Psychopathology, and Neurobiology.","authors":"John McClellan France, Shaurel Amaria Valbrun, Lana Ruvolo Grasser, Charis Wiltshire, Sattvik Basarkod, William M Davie, Mariam H Reda, Sophie A George, Sterling Winters, Bekh Bradley-Davino, Anaïs F Stenson, Sanne J H van Rooij, Jennifer S Stevens, Ana M Daugherty, Tanja Jovanovic","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood trauma is a risk factor for adolescent psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Most research has relied on caregiver (i.e. parent or legal guardian) reports of child trauma. This study investigated the impact of reporter, child versus caregiver, in assessing neurobiological correlates of trauma and PTSD in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two independent samples of youth (Original n=76, 47%Female, M(SD)_age=9.39(.492); Replication: n=98, 51%Female, M(SD)_age=9.38(.089)) and their caregivers were interviewed regarding their child's trauma exposure and PTSD severity. Original sample youth were assessed for fear-potentiated startle (FPS) during fear conditioning, and bilateral amygdala reactivity during an emotional faces functional MRI task. To assess reporter effects, effect sizes and directions of associations between interview measures and neurobiological correlates were compared using multiple linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Child's self-reported trauma exposure was associated with child's self-reported PTSD severity (Original: β=.55, p<.001; Replication: β=.37, p<.01), while caregivers' report of child's trauma exposure was not associated with child's self-reported PTSD severity (Original: β=-.01, p=.99; Replication: β=.07, p=.57). Child's self-report of PTSD severity was positively associated with FPS (Original: β=.29, p<.05) and amygdala reactivity (Original: β=.39, p<.05), while caregivers' report of child's PTSD were not (ps>.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest the reporter's perspective may influence associations between trauma, PTSD, and their neurobiological correlates. Child rather than caregiver reports may better align with the child's perceived experience, and thereby better predict underlying neurobiology. These findings support the inclusion of child's self-reports of trauma and PTSD when investigating candidate biomarkers of PTSD vulnerability in trauma-exposed youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slow oscillation-sleep spindle coupling is associated with expectancy measures of fear extinction retention in trauma-exposed individuals.","authors":"Dan Denis, Ryan Bottary, Tony J Cunningham, Per Davidson, Cagri Yuksel, Mohammed R Milad, Edward F Pace-Schott","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be characterized as a disorder of fear learning and memory, in which there is a failure to retain memory for the extinction of conditioned fear. Sleep has been implicated in successful extinction retention. The coupling of sleep spindles to slow oscillations (SOs) during non-rapid eye movement sleep has been shown to broadly underpin sleep's beneficial effect on memory consolidation. However, the role of this oscillatory coupling in the retention of extinction memories is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a large sample of 124 trauma-exposed individuals, we investigated SO-spindle coupling in relation to fear extinction memory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that participants with a PTSD diagnosis, relative to trauma-exposed controls, showed significantly altered SO-spindle timing, such that PTSD participants exhibited spindle coupling further away from the peak of the SO. Across participants, the amount of coupling significantly predicted extinction retention, with coupled spindles uniquely predicting successful extinction retention compared to uncoupled spindles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that SO-spindle coupling is critical for successful retention of extinguished fear, and that SO-spindle coupling dynamics are altered in PTSD. These alterations in the mechanics of sleep may have substantial clinical implications, meriting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12421132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision-Making Signatures of Methamphetamine and Alcohol Use Disorders.","authors":"Xinyu Cheng, Jing Shen, Junhui Li, Wei Yuan, Duanwei Wang, Hairong Wang, Ru-Yuan Zhang, Yu-Feng Xia, Xinyu Cao, Wannian Sha, Shuhua He, Yi Liu, Junjie Tang, Yi Zhang, Yuqi Cheng, Ti-Fei Yuan, Di Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aberrant decision-making is a hallmark of substance use disorders (SUDs), often impeding recovery. While uncertainty, comprising risk and ambiguity, is central to real-world choices, its distinct effects in SUDs remain underexplored. This study disentangles risk and ambiguity to identify context-specific impairments in methamphetamine (MUD) and alcohol use disorders (AUD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a Choice under Risk and Ambiguity (CRA) task to examine uncertainty decision-making (UDM) in 101 individuals with MUD, 56 with AUD, and their respective healthy control groups (HCs; n = 45 and n = 75). Group-level analyses applied a modified psychometric function to estimate decision parameters, while individual-level UDM indicators were derived using custom computational methods and subjective value models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with MUD exhibited heightened reward sensitivity and a stronger preference for large rewards under high uncertainty, with flexible shifts across ambiguity levels. Besides, reward sensitivity under high ambiguity was linked to symptom severity. In contrast, individuals with AUD showed no evident decision-making impairments across conditions and, like HCs, adopted conservative strategies under ambiguity. Direct comparisons confirmed more pronounced UDM impairments in MUD than in AUD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the heterogeneity of decision-making patterns across SUDs, validating the need for precision in therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific cortical brain differences in children at familial high risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.","authors":"Kathrine Skak Madsen, William F C Baaré, Enedino Hernandez-Torres, Kit Melissa Larsen, Adam Kaminski, Line Korsgaard Johnsen, Nicoline Hemager, Maja Gregersen, Julie Marie Brandt, Mette Falkenberg Krantz, Nanna Weye, Anne Søndergaard, Aja Neergaard Greve, Christina Bruun Knudsen, Anna Krogh Andreassen, Lotte Veddum, Torben E Lund, Ole Mors, Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup, Leif Østergaard, Merete Nordentoft, Hartwig R Siebner","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Familial high risk (FHR) is the strongest predictor of developing schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). Children at FHR uniquely allow for identifying early brain markers of vulnerability. Previous studies often span wide age ranges and neglect sex differences, despite evidence of distinct sex-specific brain developmental trajectories. We investigated sex-specific group differences in brain morphometry among 11-12-year-old children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 278 children from the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study (VIA11): 101 FHR-SZ (51 males), 64 FHR-BP (32 males), and 113 population-based controls (PBCs, 57 males). Structural MRI scans were acquired on 3T scanners at two sites. Brain volume, cortical volume, surface area, and cortical thickness were extracted using FreeSurfer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group-by-sex interactions were observed for brain, cortical, and intracranial volume, and surface area (eta²=0.030-0.038; p=0.006-0.016). Males at FHR-SZ exhibited smaller brain, cortical, and intracranial volume, and surface area than PBC males (Cohen's d=-0.677--0.489; p=0.001-0.015). FHR-BP females had larger brain and cortical volumes than PBC females (Cohen's d=0.525-0.537; p=0.017-0.020). No significant differences were observed for cortical thickness (p>0.210).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children at FHR-SZ and FHR-BP exhibited sex-specific morphometric differences, potentially reflecting sex-specific endophenotypic markers of risk. Given the smaller size of the FHR-BP group, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Nevertheless, our findings underscore the importance of considering sex as a factor in neurodevelopmental psychiatric research. Longitudinal studies are needed to track how these neuroanatomical differences evolve over time and to evaluate their predictive value for transition to SZ or BP.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144982364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ups and downs of brain stress: Extending the triple network hypothesis.","authors":"Gina-Isabelle Henze, Marina Giglberger, Christoph Bärtl, Julian Konzok, Maja Neidhart, Tabea Krause, Emin Serin, Lea Waller, Hannah L Peter, Ludwig Kreuzpointner, Nina Speicher, Fabian Streit, Ilya M Veer, Peter Kirsch, Thomas E Nichols, Brigitte M Kudielka, Stefan Wüst, Susanne Erk, Henrik Walter","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This pre-registered functional magnetic resonance imaging study aimed to test and possibly extend the triple network hypothesis of psychosocial stress processing, positing that responses in the salience (SN) and default mode network (DMN) dominate at the expense of the central executive network (CEN). Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis that stress-related responses in SN- and DMN-structures are associated with hormonal, cardiovascular, and affective stress responses, while CEN- and DMN-structures are associated with task performance. We also examined sex-specific associations between neural and stress-induced cortisol, heart rate, and negative affect responses as well as task performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed all psychosocial stress studies and conducted a mega-analysis of N=459 ScanSTRESS-datasets (222 females) with harmonized preprocessing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings advanced the original hypothesis, revealing activations and deactivations across all three networks, related in a complex way to cortisol, heart rate, negative affect, and performance parameters. Additionally, we identified a novel age-effect of increasing DMN-activation with age, replicated an exposure-time effect of decreasing activation with duration, showed sex-specific patterns, and confirmed the involvement of all networks by task-based connectivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on our findings we suggest a new, differentiated triple network hypothesis of psychosocial stress processing. Reactivity in SN- and DMN-structures is associated with hormonal, cardiovascular, and affective stress responses, whereas CEN- and DMN-structures process the stress-eliciting tasks. Moreover, the age-effect may indicate that the ability to downregulate the DMN is reduced with age. Finally, we suggest that the exposure-time effect (decreasing signal within ScanSTRESS) may be a promising resilience biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144982380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic and Static Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Canonical Networks in Military and Civilian Populations with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and/or Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Alexandra K Dwulit, Delin Sun, Courtney C Haswell, Ahmed Hussain, Emily L Dennis, Elisabeth A Wilde, Mary R Newsome, David F Tate, William C Walker, Chadi G Abdallah, Christopher L Averill, Jennifer Urbano Blackford, Bunmi O Olatunji, Anthony King, Israel Liberzon, Michael Angstadt, Ivan Rektor, Pavel Říha, Markéta Nečasová, Monika Fňašková, Judith K Daniels, Henrik Walter, Antje Manthey, Anika Sierk, Miranda Olff, Mirjam van Zuiden, Saskia B J Koch, Dick Veltman, Jessie Frijiling, Laura Nawijn, Neda Jahanshad, Paul M Thompson, Rajendra A Morey","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are associated with alterations in the functional connectome, specifically in canonical resting state networks including the default mode (DMN), central executive (CEN), and salience networks (SN). Comorbid PTSD+mTBI is linked to worse functional outcomes, but little is known about effects on the functional connectome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated brain phenotypes from resting-state fMRI associated with PTSD (n=326), mTBI (n=448), and comorbid PTSD+mTBI (n=289) in military veterans and civilians (n=1526) from ENIGMA-TBI and -PTSD. We examined static functional connectivity (SFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (DFC), quantified both as variability in FC (VFC) over time and as dwell time in recurring FC states identified through clustering. ANCOVA was followed by post-hoc linear regression to test main and interaction effects of diagnosis on FC metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a significant (p_FDR<0.05) interaction of diagnosis by age on VFC. Older comorbid subjects had greater VFC within SN, between SN-to-CEN and SN-to-DMN than older controls. Comorbid relative to control subjects had significantly greater dwell time in an externally focused state. Comorbid and mTBI groups, relative to control subjects, had greater dwell time in a moderate connectivity transition state.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DFC related to the SN revealed distinct brain network patterns across diagnostic groups, with comorbid PTSD+mTBI showing age- and anxiety-related effects. Older comorbid subjects had heightened hypervigilance and reduced network segregation. PTSD and anxiety may synergistically worsen network instability, while mTBI reflects more rigid, disconnected states, highlighting DFC as a sensitive marker of neuropsychiatric comorbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144982418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}