Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Hypoactivation of ventromedial frontal cortex in major depressive disorder: an MEG study of the Reward Positivity.","authors":"Christopher J H Pirrung, Garima Singh, Jeremy Hogeveen, Davin Quinn, James F Cavanagh","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Reward Positivity (RewP) is a sensitive and specific electrophysiological marker of reward receipt. These characteristics make it a compelling candidate marker of dysfunctional reward processing in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We previously proposed that the RewP is a temporal nexus for multiple dimensions of reward value, and that a diminished RewP in depression might only reflect a deficit in some of these features. Specifically, we predicted a diminished ventromedial contribution in depression in the context of maintained reward learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings of reward receipt in 43 individuals with MDD (35 female) and 38 healthy controls (21 female). MEG allows effective source estimation due to the absence of volume conduction that compromises electroencephalographic recordings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MEG RewP analogue was generated by a broad set of cortical areas, yet only right ventromedial and right ventral temporal areas were diminished in MDD. These areas correlated with a principal component of anhedonia derived from multiple questionnaires. Compellingly, BA25 was the frontal region with the largest representation in both of these effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings not only advance our understanding underlying the computation of the RewP, but they also dovetail with convergent findings from other types of functional source imaging in depression, as well as from deep brain stimulation treatments. Together, these discoveries suggest that the RewP may be a valuable marker for objective assessment of reward affect and its disruption in anhedonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aperiodic (1/f) neural activity robustly tracks symptom severity changes in treatment-resistant depression.","authors":"Carl Hacker, Madaline M Mocchi, Jiayang Xiao, Brian Metzger, Joshua Adkinson, Bailey Pascuzzi, Raissa Mathura, Denise Oswalt, Andrew Watrous, Eleonora Bartoli, Anusha Allawala, Victoria Pirtle, Xiaoxu Fan, Isabel Danstrom, Ben Shofty, Garrett Banks, Yue Zhang, Michelle Armenta-Salas, Koorosh Mirpour, Sanjay Mathew, Jeff Cohn, David Borton, Wayne Goodman, Nader Pouratian, Sameer Anil Sheth, Kelly R Bijanki","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A reliable physiological biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder is essential for developing and optimizing neuromodulatory treatment paradigms. This study investigates a passive electrophysiologic biomarker that tracks changes in depressive symptom severity on the order of minutes to hours.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyze brief recordings from intracranial electrodes implanted deep in the brain during a clinical trial of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression in 5 human subjects (n_female= 3, n_male = 2). This surgical setting allows for precise temporal and spatial sensitivity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a challenging area to measure. We focused on the aperiodic slope of the power spectral density, a metric reflecting the balance of activity across all frequency bands and serving as a proxy for excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that shifts in aperiodic slope correlate with depression severity, with flatter (less negative) slopes indicating reduced depression severity. This significant correlation was observed in all N=5 subjects, particularly in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This biomarker offers a new way to track patient responses to Major Depressive Disorder treatment, paving the way for individualized therapies in both intracranial and non-invasive monitoring contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Amygdala Activation during Symptom Provocation Predicts Response to Combined Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Exposure Therapy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Milan Houben, Tjardo S Postma, Sophie M D D Fitzsimmons, Chris Vriend, Neeltje M Batelaan, Adriaan W Hoogendoorn, Ysbrand D van der Werf, Odile A van den Heuvel","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), combined with exposure and response prevention (ERP), is a promising treatment modality for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, not all patients respond sufficiently to this treatment. We investigated whether brain activation during a symptom provocation task could predict treatment response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-one adults with OCD (22 male/ 39 female) underwent symptom provocation with OCD- and fear-related visual stimuli during fMRI prior to an 8-week combined rTMS and ERP treatment regimen. Participants received one of the three following rTMS treatments as part of a randomized controlled trial: (1) 10Hz rTMS (110% resting motor threshold (RMT)) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC); (2) 10Hz rTMS (110% RMT) to the left pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA); or (3) 10Hz control rTMS (60% RMT) to the vertex. Multiple regression and correlation were used to examine the predictive value of task-related brain activation for treatment response in the following ROIs: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, DLPFC, and preSMA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The different treatment groups responded equally to treatment. Higher pre-treatment task-related activation of the right amygdala to OCD-related stimuli showed a positive association with treatment response in all groups. Exploratory whole-brain analyses showed positive associations between activation in multiple task-relevant regions and treatment response. Only dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activation to fear-related stimuli showed a negative association with treatment outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher pre-treatment right amygdala activation during symptom provocation predicts better treatment response to combined rTMS and ERP in OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding mindfulness with multivariate predictive models.","authors":"Jarrod A Lewis-Peacock, Tor D Wager, Todd S Braver","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying the brain mechanisms that underlie the salutary effects of mindfulness meditation and related practices is a critical goal of contemplative neuroscience. Here we suggest that the use of multivariate predictive models represents a promising and powerful methodology that could be better leveraged to pursue this goal. This approach incorporates key principles of multivariate decoding, predictive classification, and model-based analyses, all of which represent a strong departure from conventional brain mapping approaches. We highlight two such research strategies - state induction and neuromarker identification - and provide illustrative examples of how these approaches have been used to examine central questions in mindfulness, such as the distinction between internally directed focused attention and mind wandering, and the role of mindfulness interventions on somatic pain and drug-related cravings. We conclude by discussing important issues to be addressed with future research, including key tradeoffs between using a personalized versus population-based approach to predictive modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reward positivity as a predictor of first lifetime onsets of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in high-risk adolescents.","authors":"Gia-Huy L Hoang, Kent G Hecker, Connor Maxey, Ford Burles, Olave E Krigolson, Daniel C Kopala-Sibley","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reduced reward Positivity (RewP), an electroencephalography (EEG) marker elicited by feedback indicating reward, has been associated with an increased risk for depression in adolescence. However, the predictive capability of RewP in predicting the first-lifetime onset of depressive disorders, as opposed to anxiety and suicidal ideation in high-risk populations, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the authors examine if RewP predicts the first-lifetime onset of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation over 18 months in familial high-risk adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample included 145 adolescents (64.8% male), aged 11-17 years, who had at least one parent with a history of mood and anxiety disorders and completed baseline and at least one follow-up measurement. At baseline, RewP was measured using a simple gambling task, their current internalizing symptoms were assessed using self-report questionnaires, and the youth's psychiatric diagnoses were evaluated with diagnostic interviews. The same interview was administered to the adolescents again at 9 months and 18 months later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression models showed that higher RewP scores significantly predicted a lower likelihood of developing a first onset of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) over 18 months, even after controlling for sex, age, and baseline internalizing symptoms. In contrast, RewP did not significantly predict the first onset of anxiety disorders or suicidal ideation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reduced RewP precedes the first onset of depression in high-risk adolescents, highlighting RewP's predictive capability in predicting depression risk in predisposed populations. Blunted RewP could complement self-reported symptoms in screening and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness as a way of reducing automatic constraints on thought.","authors":"Kalina Christoff Hadjiilieva","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of mindfulness-based wellness promotion programs offered by institutions, governments, and through mobile apps, has grown exponentially in the last decade. Yet, the scientific understanding of what mindfulness is and how it works is still evolving. Here I focus on two common mindfulness practices: focused attention (FA) and open-monitoring (OM). First, I summarize what is known about FA and OM meditation at the psychological level. While they share similar emotion regulation goals, they differ in terms of some of their attention regulation goals. Second, I turn to the neuroscientific literature, showing that FA meditation is associated with consistent activations of cortical 'control' network regions and deactivations of cortical 'default' network regions. In contrast, OM meditation seems to be most consistently associated with changes in the functional connectivity patterns of subcortical structures, including the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Finally, I present a novel account of the mental changes during FA and OM meditation as understood from within the Dynamic Framework of Thought (DFT) - a conceptual framework that distinguishes between deliberate and automatic constraints on thought. Although deliberate self-regulation processes are often emphasized in scientific and public discourse on mindfulness, here I argue that mindfulness may primarily involve changes in automatic constraints on thought. In particular, I argue that mindfulness reduces the occurrence of automatized sequences of mental states, or habits of thought. In this way, mindfulness may increase the spontaneity of thought and reduce automatically constrained forms of thought such as rumination and obsessive thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENIGMA-Meditation: Worldwide consortium for neuroscientific investigations of meditation practices.","authors":"Saampras Ganesan, Fernando A Barrios, Ishaan Batta, Clemens C C Bauer, Todd S Braver, Judson A Brewer, Kirk Warren Brown, Rael Cahn, Joshua A Cain, Vince D Calhoun, Lei Cao, Gaël Chetelat, Christopher R K Ching, J David Creswell, Paulina Clara Dagnino, Svend Davanger, Richard J Davidson, Gustavo Deco, Janine M Dutcher, Anira Escrichs, Lisa T Eyler, Negar Fani, Norman A S Farb, Suruchi Fialoke, David M Fresco, Rahul Garg, Eric L Garland, Philippe Goldin, Danella M Hafeman, Neda Jahanshad, Yoona Kang, Sahib S Khalsa, Namik Kirlic, Sara W Lazar, Antoine Lutz, Timothy J McDermott, Giuseppe Pagnoni, Camille Piguet, Ruchika S Prakash, Hadley Rahrig, Nicco Reggente, Luigi F Saccaro, Matthew D Sacchet, Greg J Siegle, Yi-Yuan Tang, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Paul M Thompson, Alyssa Torske, Isaac N Treves, Vaibhav Tripathi, Aki Tsuchiyagaito, Matthew D Turner, David R Vago, Sofie Valk, Fadel Zeidan, Andrew Zalesky, Jessica A Turner, Anthony P King","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meditation is a family of ancient and contemporary contemplative mind-body practices that can modulate psychological processes, awareness, and mental states. Over the last 40 years, clinical science has manualised meditation practices and designed various meditation interventions (MIs), that have shown therapeutic efficacy for disorders including depression, pain, addiction, and anxiety. Over the past decade, neuroimaging has examined the neuroscientific basis of meditation practices, effects, states, and outcomes for clinical and non-clinical populations. However, the generalizability and replicability of current neuroscientific models of meditation are yet to be established, as they are largely based on small datasets entrenched with heterogeneity along several domains of meditation (e.g., practice types, meditation experience, clinical disorder targeted), experimental design, and neuroimaging methods (e.g., preprocessing, analysis, task-based, resting-state, structural MRI). These limitations have precluded a nuanced and rigorous neuroscientific phenotyping of meditation practices and their potential benefits. Here, we present ENIGMA-Meditation, the first worldwide collaborative consortium for neuroscientific investigations of meditation practices. ENIGMA-Meditation will enable systematic meta- and mega-analyses of globally distributed neuroimaging datasets of meditation using shared, standardized neuroimaging methods and tools to improve statistical power and generalizability. Through this powerful collaborative framework, existing neuroscientific accounts of meditation practices can be extended to generate novel and rigorous neuroscientific insights, accounting for multi-domain heterogeneity. ENIGMA-Meditation will inform neuroscientific mechanisms underlying therapeutic action of meditation practices on psychological and cognitive attributes, advancing the field of meditation and contemplative neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Neurocognitive Effects of Right-Unilateral Ultra-Brief Pulse Electroconvulsive Therapy and Magnetic Seizure Therapy for the Treatment of Major Depressive Episode.","authors":"Shawn M McClintock, Zhi-De Deng, Mustafa M Husain, Vishal J Thakkar, Elisabeth Bernhardt, Richard D Weiner, Bruce Luber, Sarah H Lisanby","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is under investigation as a treatment for adults with major depression. Prior research suggested that MST has comparable antidepressant efficacy with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), but with greater cognitive safety. The objective of the study was to compare the neurocognitive outcomes of patients receiving an acute course of MST with those receiving ECT for the treatment of major depressive episode.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a between-subject, double-masked, randomized, multi-center clinical trial. Seventy-three participants with a severe major depressive episode were enrolled and randomly assigned to treatment with MST (N = 38) or ultra-brief pulse right unilateral ECT (N = 35). The main outcomes were change in performance from baseline to end of acute treatment on multiple neurocognitive measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients receiving MST, relative to those receiving ECT, had superior cognitive outcomes up to 72-hours post-treatment. Specifically, following MST treatment, there was significant improvement in fine motor dexterity (p=0.017) and no significant change in cognitive domains of attention, verbal fluency, executive function, and verbal learning and memory. In contrast, following treatment with ECT, patients demonstrated significantly worsened performance on measures of verbal fluency (p<0.001), executive function (p=0.038), and verbal memory retention (p<0.001). Autobiographical memory consistency significantly decreased following treatment with both ECT (p<0.001) and MST, though the magnitude of change was greater for ECT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study findings confirm prior work and provide new evidence supporting the enhanced cognitive safety of MST relative to ECT. Future research is warranted on MST to optimize its application in individuals across the lifespan with neuropsychiatric illnesses.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00488748.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered functional connectivity of unimodal sensory and multisensory integration networks is related to symptom severity in autism spectrum disorders.","authors":"Yahui Chen, Chen Yang, Bicheng Gao, Kehui Chen, R Joanne Jao Keehn, Ralph-Axel Müller, Li-Xia Yuan, Yuqi You","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atypical sensory processing is a prevalent feature in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and constitutes a core diagnostic criterion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental of Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5). However, neurocognitive underpinnings of atypical unimodal and multimodal sensory processing and their relationships with autism symptoms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) patterns among five unimodal sensory and multisensory integration (MSI) networks in ASD with a large multi-site dataset (n = 646), and investigated the relationships among altered FC, atypical sensory processing, social communicative deficits, and overall autism symptoms with correlation and mediation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relative to typically developing (TD) controls, the ASD group demonstrated increased FC of the olfactory network, decreased FC within the MSI network, and decreased FC of the MSI-unimodal-sensory networks. Furthermore, altered FC was positively associated with autism symptom severity, and such associations were completely mediated by atypical sensory processing and social communicative deficits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ASD-specific olfactory overconnectivity and MSI-unimodal-sensory underconnectivity lend support to the Intense World Theory and Weak Central Coherence Theory, suggesting olfactory hypersensitivity at the expense of multisensory integration as potential neural mechanisms underlying atypical sensory processing in ASD. These atypical FC patterns further suggest potential targets for psychological and neuromodulatory interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing Neurophysiological Processes Related to Self-Referential Processing to Predict Improvement for Depressed Adolescents Receiving Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.","authors":"Nayoung Kim, Paul A Bloom, Anthony J Rosellini, Christian A Webb, Diego A Pizzagalli, Randy P Auerbach","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is a gold standard approach for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) among adolescents. However, nearly half of adolescents receiving CBT do not improve. In order to personalize treatment, it is essential to identify objective markers that predict treatment responsiveness. Toward addressing this aim, this study investigated neurophysiological processes related to self-referential processing that predicted CBT response among depressed, female adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At baseline, female adolescents ages 13-18-years-old (N=80) completed a comprehensive clinical assessment, and a self-referential encoding task was administered while electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded. Baseline EEG data were utilized to identify oscillatory differences between healthy (HC, n=38) and depressed (MDD, n=42) adolescents. Following the baseline assessment, depressed youth received up to 12-weeks of CBT. Baseline differences in EEG oscillations between healthy and depressed youth were used to guide CBT prediction analysis. Cluster-based event-related spectral perturbation analysis (ERSP) probed theta and alpha event-related synchronization/desynchronization (ERS/ERD) response to negative and positive words.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline analyses showed that, relative to the healthy adolescents, depressed youth exhibited higher levels of frontal theta ERS and a greater posterior alpha ERD. Multilevel modeling identified primary neural pre-treatment predictors of treatment response: greater theta ERS in the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) after the onset of negative words and lower alpha ERD in both the right PFC and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). ERS and ERD associations with treatment response remained significant, with baseline depressive and anxiety symptoms included as covariates in all analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consistent with prior research, results highlighted that relative to healthy youth, depressed adolescents are characterized by prominent theta synchronization and alpha desynchronization over PFC and PCC, respectively. Cluster-based ERSP analysis also identified key mechanisms underlying depression-related self-referential processing that predicted improved symptoms during the CBT course. Ultimately, a better characterization of the neural underpinnings of adolescent depression and its treatment may lead to more personalized interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}