Slow oscillation-sleep spindle coupling is associated with expectancy measures of fear extinction retention in trauma-exposed individuals.

IF 4.8
Dan Denis, Ryan Bottary, Tony J Cunningham, Per Davidson, Cagri Yuksel, Mohammed R Milad, Edward F Pace-Schott
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Abstract

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be characterized as a disorder of fear learning and memory, in which there is a failure to retain memory for the extinction of conditioned fear. Sleep has been implicated in successful extinction retention. The coupling of sleep spindles to slow oscillations (SOs) during non-rapid eye movement sleep has been shown to broadly underpin sleep's beneficial effect on memory consolidation. However, the role of this oscillatory coupling in the retention of extinction memories is unknown.

Methods: In a large sample of 124 trauma-exposed individuals, we investigated SO-spindle coupling in relation to fear extinction memory.

Results: We found that participants with a PTSD diagnosis, relative to trauma-exposed controls, showed significantly altered SO-spindle timing, such that PTSD participants exhibited spindle coupling further away from the peak of the SO. Across participants, the amount of coupling significantly predicted extinction retention, with coupled spindles uniquely predicting successful extinction retention compared to uncoupled spindles.

Conclusions: These results suggest that SO-spindle coupling is critical for successful retention of extinguished fear, and that SO-spindle coupling dynamics are altered in PTSD. These alterations in the mechanics of sleep may have substantial clinical implications, meriting further investigation.

慢振荡-睡眠纺锤体耦合与创伤暴露个体恐惧消退保留的预期测量有关。
背景:创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)可以被描述为一种恐惧学习和记忆障碍,其特征是无法保留记忆以消除条件恐惧。睡眠与成功的灭绝保留有关。在非快速眼动睡眠期间,睡眠纺锤波与慢振荡(so)的耦合已被证明广泛支持睡眠对记忆巩固的有益作用。然而,这种振荡耦合在消退记忆保留中的作用尚不清楚。方法:以124名创伤暴露个体为样本,研究了SO-spindle耦合与恐惧消退记忆的关系。结果:我们发现被诊断为PTSD的参与者,相对于创伤暴露的对照组,显示出明显改变的SO-纺锤体时间,因此PTSD参与者显示纺锤体耦合离SO峰值更远。在所有参与者中,耦合的数量显著地预测消去保留,与不耦合的纺锤波相比,耦合纺锤波唯一地预测成功的消去保留。结论:这些结果表明,SO-spindle耦合对成功保留已消失的恐惧至关重要,并且在PTSD中SO-spindle耦合动力学发生改变。这些睡眠机制的改变可能具有重要的临床意义,值得进一步研究。
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