Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Neural Rewiring of Resilience: The Effects of Combat Deployment on Functional Network Architecture.","authors":"Noga Yair, Tom Zalmenson, Omer Azriel, Dana Shamai-Leshem, Yaron Alon, Niv Tik, Lucian Tatsa-Laur, Ariel Ben-Yehuda, Daniel S Pine, Anderson M Winkler, Ido Tavor, Yair Bar-Haim","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although combat-deployed soldiers are at high risk for developing trauma-related psychopathology, most will remain resilient for the duration and aftermath of their deployment tour. The neural basis of this type of resilience is largely unknown, and few longitudinal studies exist on neural adaptation to combat in resilient individuals for whom a pre-exposure measurement was collected. Here, we delineate changes in the architecture of functional brain networks from pre- to postcombat in psychopathology-free, resilient participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tier 1 infantry recruits (n = 50) participated in this longitudinal, functional magnetic resonance imaging study together with a comparison group of university students (n = 50). Changes in within- and between-network functional connectivity were analyzed as a function of exposure group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group × time interactions manifested in the default mode, cognitive control, and ventral attention networks; significant increases from baseline in both within- and between-network connectivity were noted postdeployment in soldiers only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate global changes in brain functional architecture in resilient combat-deployed participants relative to age-matched students, suggesting that neural adaptation may support resilience to combat exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological Markers of Regulation Success in Everyday Life in Depression.","authors":"Jonathan P Stange, Ellie P Xu, Sarah L Zapetis, Jiani Li, Lisanne Jenkins, Jagan Jimmy, Zihua Ye, Pia Sellery, Coralie S Phanord, Erika Forbes, Timothy J Trull, Robin J Mermelstein, Olusola Ajilore","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-regulation is often disrupted in depression and is characterized by negative affect and inflexible parasympathetic responses. However, our understanding of brain mechanisms of self-regulatory processes has largely been limited to laboratory contexts. Measuring individual differences in self-regulatory processes in everyday life-and their neural correlates-could inform our understanding of depression phenotypes and reveal novel intervention targets that impact everyday functioning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In individuals with remitted major depressive disorder and healthy comparison participants (N = 74), we measured 2 dimensions of regulation success in everyday life-perceived success with regulating affect and physiological success (parasympathetic augmentation following regulation attempts)-and their neural correlates using a functional magnetic resonance imaging emotion regulation task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceptions of success were weakly associated with physiological success and had partially distinct neural correlates. Perceived success and physiological success in everyday life predicted reduced activity in brain regions involved in emotional salience while reacting to aversive stimuli in the scanner. During reappraisal in the scanner, greater perceived success in everyday life was dimensionally associated with more reappraisal-related activity in regions involved in cognitive control (including the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices); in contrast, physiological success predicted enhanced downregulation of salience network activity (amygdala, insula).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results suggest that linking psychophysiology with behavior in everyday life can provide a window into dissociable dimensions of self-regulatory functioning. Integrating ambulatory and brain-based metrics may elucidate self-regulatory phenotypes with distinct neurophysiological mechanisms and targets for intervention to impact functioning in daily life.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Computational Mechanisms of Uncertainty Processing Explain Opposing Exploratory Behaviors in Anxiety and Apathy.","authors":"Xinyuan Yan, R Becket Ebitz, Nicola Grissom, David P Darrow, Alexander B Herman","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decision making in uncertain environments can lead to varied outcomes, and how we process those outcomes may depend on our emotional state. Understanding how individuals interpret the sources of uncertainty is crucial for understanding adaptive behavior and mental well-being. Uncertainty can be broadly categorized into 2 components: volatility and stochasticity. Volatility describes how quickly conditions change. Stochasticity, on the other hand, refers to outcome randomness. We investigated how anxiety and apathy influenced people's perceptions of uncertainty and how uncertainty perception shaped explore-exploit decisions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (N = 1001, nonclinical sample) completed a restless 3-armed bandit task that was analyzed using both latent state and process models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with anxiety perceived uncertainty as resulting more from volatility, leading to increased exploration and learning rates, especially after reward omission. Conversely, individuals with apathy viewed uncertainty as more stochastic, resulting in decreased exploration and learning rates. The perceived volatility to stochasticity ratio mediated the anxiety-exploration relationship post adverse outcomes. Dimensionality reduction showed exploration and uncertainty estimation to be distinct but related latent factors shaping a manifold of adaptive behavior that is modulated by anxiety and apathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings reveal distinct computational mechanisms for how anxiety and apathy influence decision making, providing a framework for understanding cognitive and affective processes in neuropsychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expectancy-Mood Neural Dynamics Predict Mechanisms of Short- and Long-Term Antidepressant Placebo Effects.","authors":"Kevin Handoko, Alyssa Neppach, Ian Snyder, Helmet T Karim, Alexandre Y Dombrovski, Marta Peciña","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute experimental models of antidepressant placebo effects suggest that expectancies, encoded within the salience network (SN), are reinforced by sensory evidence and mood fluctuations. However, whether these dynamics extend to longer timescales remains unknown. To answer this question, we investigated how SN and default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity during the processing of antidepressant expectancies facilitates the shift from salience attribution to contextual cues in the SN to belief-induced mood responses in the DMN, both acutely and long term.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty psychotropic-free patients with major depressive disorder completed an acute antidepressant placebo functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment manipulating placebo-associated expectancies and their reinforcement while assessing trial-by-trial mood improvement before entering an 8-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or placebo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Learned antidepressant expectancies predicted by a reinforcement learning model modulated SN-DMN connectivity. Acutely, greater modulation predicted higher effects of expectancy and reinforcement manipulations on reported expectancies and mood. Over 8 weeks, no significant drug effects on mood improvement were observed. However, participants who believed that they were receiving an antidepressant exhibited significantly greater mood improvement irrespective of the actual treatment received. Moreover, increased SN-DMN connectivity predicted mood improvement, especially in placebo-treated participants who believed that they received a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SN-DMN interactions may play a critical role in the evolution of antidepressant response expectancies, drug-assignment beliefs, and their effects on mood.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Neural Responses to Punishment Learning in Conduct Disorder.","authors":"Erik M Elster, Ruth Pauli, Graeme Fairchild, Maria McDonald, Sarah Baumann, Justina Sidlauskaite, Stephane De Brito, Christine M Freitag, Kerstin Konrad, Veit Roessner, Inti A Brazil, Patricia L Lockwood, Gregor Kohls","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conduct disorder (CD) is associated with deficits in the use of punishment for reinforcement learning (RL) and subsequent decision making, contributing to reckless, antisocial, and aggressive behaviors. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine whether differences in behavioral learning rates derived from computational modeling, particularly for punishment, are reflected in aberrant neural responses in youths with CD compared with typically developing control participants (TDCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 75 youths with CD and 99 TDCs (9-18 years, 47% girls) performed a probabilistic RL task with punishment, reward, and neutral contingencies. Using fMRI data in conjunction with computational modeling indices (learning rate α), we investigated group differences for the 3 learning conditions in whole-brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses, including the ventral striatum and insula.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole-brain analysis revealed typical neural responses for RL in both groups. However, linear regression models for the ROI analyses revealed that only the response pattern of the (anterior) insula during punishment learning was different in participants with CD compared with TDCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Youths with CD have atypical neural responses to learning from punishment (but not from reward), specifically in the insula. This suggests a selective dysfunction of RL mechanisms in CD that contributes to punishment insensitivity/hyposensitivity as a hallmark of the disorder. Because the (anterior) insula is involved in avoidance behaviors related to negative affect or arousal, insula dysfunction in CD may contribute to inappropriate behavioral decision making, which increases the risk for reckless, antisocial, and aggressive behaviors in affected youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-network Effective Connectivity During An Emotional Working Memory Task in Two Independent Samples of Young Adults.","authors":"Renata Rozovsky, Michele Bertocci, Vaibhav Diwadkar, Richelle S Stiffler, Genna Bebko, Alexander S Skeba, Haris Aslam, Mary L Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective connectivity (EC) analysis provides valuable insights into the directionality of neural interactions, which are crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying cognitive and emotional regulation in depressive and anxiety disorders. In this study, we examined EC within key neural networks during working memory (WM) and emotional regulation (ER) tasks in young adults, both healthy individuals and those seeking help from mental health professionals for emotional distress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dynamic causal modeling was used to analyze EC in 2 independent samples (n = 97 and n = 94). Participants performed an emotional n-back task to assess EC across the central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and face processing network. Group-level parametric empirical Bayes analyses were conducted to examine EC patterns, with subanalyses comparing individuals with and without depression and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consistent patterns of positive (posterior probability > .95) DMN→CEN and DMN→SN EC were observed in both samples, predominantly in low and high WM conditions without ER. However, individuals without depressive or anxiety disorders exhibited a significantly greater number of preserved connections that were replicated across both samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the different patterns of DMN→CEN EC in conditions with high and low WM loads with and without ER, suggesting that in higher WM loads with ER, the integration of the DMN with the CEN is reduced to facilitate successful cognitive task performance. The findings also suggest that DMN→CEN and DMN→SN EC are significantly reduced in depressive and anxiety disorders, highlighting this pattern of reduced EC as a potential neural marker of these disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale Analysis Reveals Hippocampal Subfield Vulnerabilities to Chronic Cortisol Overexposure: Evidence From Cushing's Disease.","authors":"Guosong Shang, Tao Zhou, Xinyuan Yan, Kunyu He, Bin Liu, Zhebin Feng, Junpeng Xu, Xinguang Yu, Yanyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic cortisol overexposure plays a significant role in the development of neuropathological changes associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The hippocampus, the primary target of cortisol, may exhibit characteristic regional responses due to its internal heterogeneity. In this study, we explored structural and functional alterations of hippocampal (HP) subfields in Cushing's disease (CD), an endogenous model of chronic cortisol overexposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 169 participants (86 patients with CD and 83 healthy control participants [HCs]) recruited from a single center, we investigated specific structural changes in HP subfields and explored the functional connectivity alterations driven by these structural abnormalities. We also analyzed potential associative mechanisms between these changes and biological attributes, neuropsychiatric representations, cognitive function, and gene expression profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with HCs, patients with CD exhibited significant bilateral volume reductions in multiple HP subfields. Notably, volumetric decreases in the left HP body and tail subfields were significantly correlated with cortisol levels, Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, and quality of life measures. Disrupted connectivity between the structurally abnormal HP subfields and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex may impair reward-based decision making and emotional regulation, with this dysconnectivity being linked to structural changes in right HP subfields. Another region that exhibited dysconnectivity was located in the left pallidum and putamen. Gene expression patterns associated with synaptic components may underlie these macrostructural alterations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings elucidate the subfield-specific effects of chronic cortisol overexposure on the hippocampus, enhancing understanding of shared neuropathological traits linked to cortisol dysregulation in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial Discrimination-Related Interoceptive Network Disruptions: A Pathway to Disconnection.","authors":"Aziz Elbasheir, Rachel Bond, Nathaniel G Harnett, Alfonsina Guelfo, Maya C Karkare, Travis M Fulton, Timothy D Ely, Timothy J McDermott, Ruth A Lanius, Vishwadeep Ahluwalia, Bekh Bradley, Greg J Siegle, Negar Fani","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Racial discrimination (RD) disrupts regulatory systems in minoritized individuals, particularly systems that govern attention, including attention to visceral signals (interoception). RD frequency is linked to physiological shutdown responses, characterized clinically by dissociation. We examined associations between RD frequency and functional connectivity of attention and interoceptive networks in a sample of trauma-exposed Black women, investigating potential links between connectivity and dissociation severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two Black women who were recruited as part of two trauma studies underwent magnetic resonance imaging during performance of an affective Stroop (AS) task and completed dissociation and RD measures. Generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses were used to examine seed-to-voxel (seeds: bilateral amygdala and insula) functional connectivity with RD as a regressor; connectivity was examined during presentation of threat-relevant versus neutral AS distractor images. Connectivity values were extracted from significant clusters and examined in association with dissociative symptoms. We also investigated connectivity in association with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms for comparison analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During attention to threat-relevant AS trials, greater RD frequency was associated with less insula connectivity to several medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) clusters (false discovery rate-corrected ps < .05). Insula-mPFC connectivity was significantly and negatively associated with derealization symptoms (r = -0.31, p = .009), but not PTSD (r = -0.16, p = .182).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RD frequency was linked to reduced functional connectivity between the insula and mPFC, 2 interoceptive network nodes, during attention to threat, and diminished connectivity was linked to more severe dissociation. RD may interrupt interoceptive network functioning, and these network alterations may, in turn, influence mind-body disconnection, or physiological shutdown response in Black individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12202712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing Delay Discounting in Human Cocaine Addiction Using Computational Modeling and Neuroimaging.","authors":"Michal M Graczyk, Rudolf N Cardinal, Tsen Vei Lim, Salvatore Nigro, Elijah Mak, Karen D Ersche","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A preference for sooner-smaller over later-larger rewards, known as delay discounting, is a candidate transdiagnostic marker of waiting impulsivity and a research domain criterion. While abnormal discounting rates have been associated with many psychiatric diagnoses and abnormal brain structure, the underlying neuropsychological processes remain largely unknown. Here, we deconstruct delay discounting into choice and rate processes by testing different computational models and investigate their associations with white matter tracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD) (n = 107) and healthy participants (n = 81) completed the Monetary Choice Questionnaire. We computed their discounting rate using the well-known Kirby method, as well as logistic regression, single-subject Bayesian, and full hierarchical Bayesian models. In Bayesian models, we also included a choice sharpness parameter. Seventy patients with CUD and 69 healthy participants also underwent diffusion tensor imaging tractography to quantify streamlines that connect the executive control and valuation brain networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with CUD showed significantly higher discounting rates and lower choice sharpness, suggesting greater indifference in their choices. Importantly, the full Bayesian model had the greatest reliability for parameter recovery when compared to the Kirby and logistic regression methods. Using Bayesian estimates, we found that white matter streamlines that connect the executive control network with the nucleus accumbens predicted the discounting rate in healthy participants but not in patients with CUD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrated that measuring delay discounting and choice sharpness directly with a novel computational model explained impulsive discounting choices in patients with CUD better than standard hyperbolic discounting. Our findings highlight a distinct neuropsychological phenotype of impulsive discounting, which may be generalizable to other patient groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amygdala-Centered Emotional Processing in Prolonged Grief Disorder: Relationship With Clinical Symptomatology.","authors":"Gyujoon Hwang, Nutta-On P Blair, B Douglas Ward, Timothy L McAuliffe, Stacy A Claesges, Abigail R Webber, Keri R Hainsworth, Yang Wang, Charles F Reynolds, Elliot A Stein, Joseph S Goveas","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a multidimensional condition with adverse health consequences. We hypothesized that enhanced negative emotional bias characterizes this disorder and underlies its key clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional design, chronically grieving older adults (age 61.5 ± 8.9 years) experiencing probable PGD (n = 33) were compared with demographic- and time since loss-equated integrated (adaptive) grief participants (n = 38). To probe generalized negative affective reactivity, participants performed an emotional face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning and completed demographic and clinical assessments. Contrast maps (fearful + angry faces [-] shapes) were generated to determine group differences in brain activity within hypothesized affective and regulatory processing regions (amygdala, anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and in exploratory whole-brain regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PGD group showed higher right amygdala activation to negative emotional stimuli than the integrated grief group (p_corrected < .05), which positively correlated with intrusive thoughts. Generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed lower task-dependent functional connectivity (FC) between the right amygdala and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus in PGD (p_corrected < .05), which negatively correlated with avoidance of loss reminders. Resting-state FC between the identified right amygdala and thalamus was higher in PGD (p_corrected < .05), which negatively correlated with loneliness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dysregulated amygdala-centric neural activity and FC during processing of negative affective stimuli and at rest appear to differentiate prolonged from integrated grief in older adults. Future investigations that use interventions to target amygdala-centric neural circuit abnormalities may provide new insights into the role of enhanced negative bias and related mechanisms that underlie PGD and support treatment efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}