Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging最新文献

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Face Processing in School-Age Preterm Children: Assessing Neural Sensitivity to Facial Identity and Expression Using Frequency-Tagging Electroencephalography. 学龄早产儿的面部加工:使用频率标记脑电图评估面部识别和表情的神经敏感性。
IF 4.8
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.015
Tiffany Tang, Matthijs Moerkerke, Nicky Daniels, Stephanie Van der Donck, Jean Steyaert, Gunnar Naulaers, Kaat Alaerts, Els Ortibus, Bart Boets
{"title":"Face Processing in School-Age Preterm Children: Assessing Neural Sensitivity to Facial Identity and Expression Using Frequency-Tagging Electroencephalography.","authors":"Tiffany Tang, Matthijs Moerkerke, Nicky Daniels, Stephanie Van der Donck, Jean Steyaert, Gunnar Naulaers, Kaat Alaerts, Els Ortibus, Bart Boets","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preterm (PT) birth is associated with important social vulnerabilities that can have long-term implications and may result in psychopathology (e.g., autism spectrum disorder). A recurring preterm behavioral phenotype has been described, although these difficulties may often be subtle and subclinical. As face processing is crucial for social interactions, and several studies have reported impaired face-processing performance in PT populations, we hypothesized that face-processing difficulties may contribute to or be a part of these social difficulties. Here, we investigated neural sensitivity to crucial sociocommunicative facial cues in school-age PT children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-nine 8- to 12-year-old PT children born between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation and 38 term-born matched control children performed a series of innovative facial identity and expression discrimination frequency-tagging electroencephalography paradigms. More specifically, we evaluated the neural sensitivity to implicitly and automatically discriminate a different facial identity among a stream of identical faces, as well as an expressive face (fearful and happy, in separate sequences) among a stream of neutral faces.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found intact implicit facial identity and expression processing in both groups. Unexpectedly, PT participants showed a significantly greater neural sensitivity toward these subtle sociocommunicative facial cues. Correlations with neonatal measures such as gestational age and birth weight showed that this greater neural sensitivity was uniformly present among the PT group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evidence suggests that impaired neural sensitivity to facial cues may not be the primary cause of the behavioral face-processing and social difficulties often encountered in PT children.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Granularity of Emotions in Brain and Behavior and Resilience to Childhood Violence Exposure. 情绪在大脑中的粒度和行为以及对儿童暴力暴露的恢复力。
IF 4.8
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.012
David G Weissman, Shafi Rubbani, Stephanie N DeCross, Steven W Kasparek, Katie A McLaughlin
{"title":"Granularity of Emotions in Brain and Behavior and Resilience to Childhood Violence Exposure.","authors":"David G Weissman, Shafi Rubbani, Stephanie N DeCross, Steven W Kasparek, Katie A McLaughlin","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study identified behavioral and neural indices of the specificity of emotion representations in adolescents' brains and assessed their association with resilience to childhood violence exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty 13- to 18-year-old adolescents with variable exposure to violence viewed emotion-eliciting videos and rated how angry, disgusted, sad, scared, and upset they felt. Sixty-nine participants viewed the same videos in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner, once while labeling their emotions and once while counting the number of people.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emotion labeling (vs. counting) led to greater blood oxygen level-dependent activation in the medial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Based on representational similarity analysis, if 2 stimuli elicited more similar patterns of activation within those brain regions, those stimuli had more similar emotion ratings, suggesting that encoding of emotion categories within these brain regions is reflected in their activation patterns. Moreover, emotion differentiation measured behaviorally and the mean neural dissimilarity across all stimulus pairs for each participant each moderated the association between violence exposure and psychopathology such that the association between violence exposure and psychopathology was weaker in individuals with greater emotion differentiation and neural dissimilarity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The granularity of emotions reflected in adolescents' brains and behavior contributes to resilience and therefore may serve as a target for preventive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computationally Informed Insights Into Anhedonia and Treatment by Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonism. 通过k-阿片受体拮抗剂对快感缺乏症和治疗的计算信息见解。
IF 4.8
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.011
Bilal A Bari, Andrew D Krystal, Diego A Pizzagalli, Samuel J Gershman
{"title":"Computationally Informed Insights Into Anhedonia and Treatment by Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonism.","authors":"Bilal A Bari, Andrew D Krystal, Diego A Pizzagalli, Samuel J Gershman","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anhedonia, the loss of pleasure, is prevalent and impairing. Parsing its computational basis promises to explain its transdiagnostic character. One manifestation of anhedonia, reward insensitivity, may be linked to limited memory. Furthermore, the need to economize on limited memory engenders a perseverative bias toward frequently chosen actions. Anhedonia may also be linked with deviations from optimal perseveration for a given memory capacity, a pattern that causes inefficiency because it results in less reward for the same memory cost.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To test these hypotheses, we applied a theory of optimal decision making under memory constraints that decomposes behavior into a memory component and an efficiency component. We applied this theory to behavior on the Probabilistic Reward Task, a reward learning paradigm that has been validated in anhedonia, and performed secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial testing kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonism for anhedonia (n = 24 KOR; n = 31 placebo), as well as analyses of 3 other datasets (n = 100, 66, 24, respectively). We fit a resource-bounded reinforcement learning model to behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across clinical and nonclinical populations, anhedonia was associated with deficits in efficiency but not memory. The reinforcement learning models demonstrated that deficits in efficiency arise from the inability to perseverate optimally. KOR antagonism, which likely elevates tonic dopamine, increases both memory and efficiency, and the model demonstrated that this arises from increased reward sensitivity and perseveration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therefore, KOR antagonism has distinct cognitive effects, only one related to anhedonia. These findings have potential implications for the applications of KOR antagonists.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12354190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visual Deficits in Contrast and Depth Perception in Psychotic Disorders: Implications for a Neural Hierarchy. 精神障碍中对比度和深度知觉的视觉缺陷:对神经层次的影响。
IF 4.8
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.009
Baktash Babadi, Daphne J Holt, Roger B H Tootell
{"title":"Visual Deficits in Contrast and Depth Perception in Psychotic Disorders: Implications for a Neural Hierarchy.","authors":"Baktash Babadi, Daphne J Holt, Roger B H Tootell","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A key challenge in understanding the neurobehavioral mechanisms of psychotic disorders (PDs) is identifying the level and interactions of the affected brain regions. The early visual system, with its hierarchical structure, offers a model for studying such mechanisms. Specifically, variations in visual contrast are detected as early as in the retina, whereas binocular depth perception emerges at a higher level, in the visual cortex. Comparing these processes within individuals can provide insights into the mechanisms and progression of perceptual deficits in PDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychophysical sensitivity to stimulus contrast and binocular disparity were assessed in 53 participants with PDs and 58 demographically matched healthy control participants (HCs). Across the 2 tasks, the physical features of the stimuli were matched except for the primary variable of interest. Psychometric functions were fitted to the performance of each participant, and the normalized area under the psychometric curves quantified the average performance across stimulus strengths.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PD group showed significantly impaired performance in both visual contrast detection (p < .007) and binocular depth perception (p < .021) compared with the HC group. In the PD but not the HC group, the performance levels across the 2 tasks were correlated with each other. A direct comparison revealed a more pronounced deficit in depth perception than in contrast detection in the PD group. Differences in psychometric parameters (i.e., threshold, flatness, and lapse rate) revealed additional cognitive and attentional dysfunctions in the PD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide evidence for a progressive accumulation of deficits through the visual hierarchy in psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polygenic Risks for Depression and Neural Responses to Reward and Punishment in Young Adults. 年轻人抑郁和奖惩神经反应的多基因风险。
IF 4.8
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.008
Yu Chen, Huey-Ting Li, Xingguang Luo, Guangfei Li, Jaime S Ide, Chiang-Shan R Li
{"title":"Polygenic Risks for Depression and Neural Responses to Reward and Punishment in Young Adults.","authors":"Yu Chen, Huey-Ting Li, Xingguang Luo, Guangfei Li, Jaime S Ide, Chiang-Shan R Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extensive research has shown aberrant reward and punishment processing in people with depression. Genetic risks contribute to depression, but whether or how these risks of depression may affect behavioral and neural responses to reward and punishment remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We curated the data of 879 young adults performing a gambling task during brain imaging from the Human Connectome Project. Depression severity was assessed with the Achenbach Adult Self Report. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for depression were computed for all participants. With published routines and at a corrected threshold, we evaluated how brain responses to reward and punishment were associated with depression scores and PRSs in a linear regression in all, male, and female participants, with age, sex (for all), race, and drinking severity as covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed broad frontal, parietal, and occipital cortical activation in negative correlation with PRSs during both reward and punishment processing. Notably, posterior cingulate cortical activation was specifically associated with PRS-related punishment processing. In addition, men and women displayed both shared and distinct neural responses to PRS-related reward and punishment processing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the influence of genetic risks for depression on neural responses to reward and punishment and provide insights into genetically informed markers of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12354074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neural Response to Reward and Loss Following Basic Combat Training. 基础战斗训练后对奖励和损失的神经反应。
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.007
Clara Freeman, Eric Rawls, Collin D Teich, Scott R Sponheim, Melissa A Polusny, Craig Marquardt
{"title":"Neural Response to Reward and Loss Following Basic Combat Training.","authors":"Clara Freeman, Eric Rawls, Collin D Teich, Scott R Sponheim, Melissa A Polusny, Craig Marquardt","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The brain's responsiveness to rewarding stimuli is essential for adaptive functioning, while deficits in neural reward processing have been linked to the transdiagnostic symptom of anhedonia. Acute or prolonged stressors may negatively impact neural reward responses; however, few studies have examined whether real-world naturalistic stressors prospectively predict reductions in brain responses to rewards.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This preregistered analysis (https://osf.io/f6e8w) used data from the ARMOR (Advancing Research on Mechanisms of Resilience) study to assess whether exposure to basic combat training (BCT), which is a demanding and stress-inducing 10-week program, led to reductions in electrophysiological measures of reward response. One hundred fifteen military recruits completed a virtual gambling task while an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded before and after BCT. Mean EEG activity in the time window of the reward positivity (RewP; 175-325 ms post-feedback at FCz) was averaged separately for the gain and loss conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that neural response to both gain and loss feedback in the time window of the RewP significantly decreased from baseline following BCT (b = -0.67, p < .001), but the difference between conditions did not decrease (b = 0.28, p = .23). Greater reports of BCT-related stressors predicted decreased neural response to gain but not loss. Finally, baseline reward-related power in the delta-band frequency prospectively predicted less self-reported BCT-related stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that experiencing the stress of BCT is associated with reductions in neural processing of both reward and loss feedback. Furthermore, individuals with greater reward-related delta oscillatory activity may perceive less negative impact of real-world stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel Neural Activity Profiles Underlying Inhibitory Control Deficits of Clinical Relevance in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Insights From Electroencephalography Tensor Decomposition. 新的神经活动谱潜在的抑制控制缺陷的ADHD临床相关性-从脑电图张量分解的见解。
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.001
Negin Gholamipourbarogh, Veit Roessner, Annet Bluschke, Christian Beste
{"title":"Novel Neural Activity Profiles Underlying Inhibitory Control Deficits of Clinical Relevance in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Insights From Electroencephalography Tensor Decomposition.","authors":"Negin Gholamipourbarogh, Veit Roessner, Annet Bluschke, Christian Beste","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder that affects cognitive control processes. While neurophysiological data (e.g., electroencephalography [EEG] data) have provided valuable insights into its underlying mechanisms, fully understanding the altered cognitive functions in ADHD requires advanced analytical approaches capable of capturing the highly dimensional nature of neurophysiological data more effectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined 59 individuals with ADHD and 63 neurotypical participants using a standard Go/NoGo task to assess response inhibition. We used EEG tensor decomposition to extract spectral, temporal, spatial, and trial-level features associated with inhibitory control deficits in ADHD. The trial-level features capture intraindividual variability, which is then used in a machine learning analysis to differentiate individuals with ADHD from neurotypical participants. We also applied a feature selection algorithm to identify the most important features for distinguishing the 2 groups in the classification process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed typical response inhibition deficits in ADHD. Contrary to common assumptions, frontocentral theta band activity did not seem to be the most distinguishing EEG feature between ADHD and neurotypical individuals. Instead, the most important distinguishing features were tensor components reflecting posterior alpha band activity during attentional selection time windows and posterior theta band activity during response selection and control time windows.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified novel neurophysiological facets of response inhibition in ADHD, enabling the classification of ADHD and neurotypical individuals. Our findings suggest that ADHD-related deficits emerge early during attentional selection and persist through response control stages. The findings underscore the need to refine conceptions about neural peculiarities in ADHD and adapt clinical interventions targeting inhibitory control deficits accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reward Sensitivity in Patients Receiving Opioid Agonist and Antagonist Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: An Observational Study. 阿片类药物使用障碍患者接受阿片类药物激动剂和拮抗剂治疗的奖励敏感性:一项观察性研究。
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.013
Martin Trøstheim, Mads Lund Pedersen, Siri Leknes, Lennja Majid Hama, Mathias Nikolai Roland, Philipp Paul Lobmaier, Kristin Klemmetsby Solli, Bente M Weimand, Lars Tanum, Marie Eikemo
{"title":"Reward Sensitivity in Patients Receiving Opioid Agonist and Antagonist Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: An Observational Study.","authors":"Martin Trøstheim, Mads Lund Pedersen, Siri Leknes, Lennja Majid Hama, Mathias Nikolai Roland, Philipp Paul Lobmaier, Kristin Klemmetsby Solli, Bente M Weimand, Lars Tanum, Marie Eikemo","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disrupted reward processing is a core component in neurobiological theories of addictions, including opioid use disorder (OUD). While acute opioid agonist and antagonist administration can modulate reward behavior and experiences, it remains unclear how typical long-term OUD treatment with these medications impacts patients' sensitivity to substance-free rewards. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study of reward sensitivity in opioid agonist- and antagonist-treated patients with OUD and healthy volunteers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-six patients with OUD on extended-release naltrexone (n = 45) or opioid agonists (n = 51) and 50 healthy volunteers completed a probabilistic reward task (PRT) and self-report measures of anhedonia, depression, preoccupation with immediate consequences, substance craving, and life satisfaction in a single session. We used signal detection analysis and drift diffusion modeling to derive behavioral reward bias measures from PRT performance. Group differences were modeled with beta and linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients reported significantly greater anhedonia (Cohen's ds ≥ 0.64), depression (ds ≥ 0.53), and preoccupation with immediate consequences (ds ≥ 0.54) than healthy volunteers, but differences between naltrexone- and opioid agonist-treated patients were nonsignificant (ds ≤ 0.26). Group differences in behavioral reward bias were small and nonsignificant (ps = 1, Bayes factor [BF]<sub>01</sub>s ≥ 84.13). Anhedonia was significantly associated with lower life satisfaction (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.10 [1.04 to 1.17]). There were no other significant associations between reward sensitivity measures and life satisfaction or craving (ps ≥ .31, BF<sub>01</sub>s ≥ 2.58).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data support an association between OUD and reduced well-being irrespective of opioid agonist or antagonist treatment, highlighting patients' need for psychosocial support and/or adjunct interventions. Major detrimental effects of naltrexone treatment on well-being seem unlikely from these and previous results.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Learning Training as a Cognitive Restructuring Intervention. 学习训练作为认知重组干预。
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.008
Agnes Norbury, Quentin Dercon, Tobias U Hauser, Raymond J Dolan, Quentin J M Huys
{"title":"Learning Training as a Cognitive Restructuring Intervention.","authors":"Agnes Norbury, Quentin Dercon, Tobias U Hauser, Raymond J Dolan, Quentin J M Huys","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A core part of cognitive therapy for low mood is learning to identify and challenge negative beliefs. However, it is currently unclear whether improved ability to recognize such beliefs, and the biased interpretations of events that may maintain them, is a mechanism of symptom change during treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the effects of completing a learning task (training to identify and select self-enhancing interpretations of events) and a brief cognitive restructuring intervention (how exploring alternative explanations of events may result in improved mood) on causal attribution tendencies. Studies were conducted online using randomized controlled experimental designs (N = 200 and N = 164), and data were analyzed using hierarchical Bayesian models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that both learning training and the restructuring intervention decreased tendencies to make unhelpful attributions and increased tendencies to make self-enhancing attributions. Across 2 studies, changes in attribution tendencies were associated with higher learning rates during learning training, an effect specific to learning about different kinds of event attributions. Contrary to expectation, we found no evidence that faster learning was associated specifically with changes in attribution tendencies following cognitive restructuring. Because participants with higher learning rate estimates also provided explicit ratings and free-text descriptions of event causes that were closer to the ground truth, we interpret this as representing a greater benefit of learning training in individuals who were better able to understand the task state space.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We suggest that personalized training, in conjunction with feedback based on interpretable computational model output, may provide a useful form of augmentation or learning support tool during therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Presence, Severity, and Functional Associations of Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. 22q11.2缺失综合征中不完全海马倒置的存在、严重程度和功能关联
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.009
David Roalf, Ally Atkins, Adam Czernuszenko, Margaret K Pecsok, Donna M McDonald-McGinn, J Eric Schmitt, Maxwell J Roeske, Sarah Hopkins, Phoebe Freedman, Aaron Alexander-Bloch, Jenna Schabdach, Benjamin Jung, T Blaine Crowley, R Sean Gallagher, Daniel E McGinn, Paul J Moberg, Kosha Ruparel, Russell T Shinohara, Bruce I Turetsky, Lauren White, Elaine H Zackai, Ruben C Gur, Raquel E Gur
{"title":"Presence, Severity, and Functional Associations of Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.","authors":"David Roalf, Ally Atkins, Adam Czernuszenko, Margaret K Pecsok, Donna M McDonald-McGinn, J Eric Schmitt, Maxwell J Roeske, Sarah Hopkins, Phoebe Freedman, Aaron Alexander-Bloch, Jenna Schabdach, Benjamin Jung, T Blaine Crowley, R Sean Gallagher, Daniel E McGinn, Paul J Moberg, Kosha Ruparel, Russell T Shinohara, Bruce I Turetsky, Lauren White, Elaine H Zackai, Ruben C Gur, Raquel E Gur","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The hippocampus is smaller and functionally disrupted in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), but the cause remains unclear. During gestational weeks 20 to 30, an inversion in the dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis occurs. This process can go awry, resulting in incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI). In the general population, IHI is more common in the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere; however, its prevalence, severity, and functional impact in 22q11DS remain unexplored. Investigating IHI in 22q11DS could uncover morphological hippocampal abnormalities linked to neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging data, the presence and severity of IHI were assessed in individuals with 22q11DS (n = 108) and healthy comparison participants (HCs) (n = 633). Total and subregional hippocampal volumes, psychopathology, and hippocampal-based memory were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IHI prevalence was significantly higher in individuals with 22q11DS compared with HCs in both the left (63% vs. 30%, p < .001) and right (29% vs. 8%, p < .001) hemispheres. IHI severity was also greater in participants with 22q11DS (p < .001) bilaterally. IHI influenced hippocampal volume differences, with left IHI primarily affecting the head (p < .01) and tail (p < .001) and right IHI affecting only the tail (p < .001). In exploratory analyses within participants with 22q11DS, left IHI presence was linked to poorer face memory (p < .05) but not to psychopathology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight a high prevalence of hippocampal morphological alterations in 22q11DS, which are associated with memory performance. Earlier developmental and longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the role of IHI in 22q11DS sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":93900,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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