Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Empirical drift capacity models for fully grouted reinforced masonry shear walls","authors":"Seyed Meghdad Ghaseminia,&nbsp;Tatheer Zahra,&nbsp;Hossein Derakhshan,&nbsp;Julian Thamboo,&nbsp;David P. Thambiratnam","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02068-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02068-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper outlines an empirical approach to predict the drift capacities of fully grouted reinforced masonry (RM) shear walls under in-plane loading. The RM walls are provided with centrally placed single layer of reinforcement curtain, which raises a question on their drift and ductility characteristics over double layered reinforced concrete (RC) walls. To study the drift capacities of RM walls, an experimental database was developed comprising 152 shear walls tested under in-plane loading conditions. This database was then used to assess the critical parameters that influence the in-plane drift capacities of RM walls. It was found that the shear reinforcement ratio, shear stress demand, aspect and effective slenderness ratios are most sensitive to in-plane drift capacities of RM walls. Existing analytical and empirical models to predict the in-plane drift capacities of shear walls were initially considered to verify their applicability in predicting the drift capacities of RM walls. The analyses showed that existing analytical models under-predicted and the empirical models over-predicted the ultimate drift capacities of RM walls. Consequently, this study used the developed experimental database to propose a set of empirical models to predict the in-plane drift capacities of RM walls. The proposed models would facilitate the analysis of drift capacities of RM walls with different configurations and thereby enable the implementation of displacement-based performance design approach for such walling systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"213 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic resilience-based strategies for prioritization of interventions on a subregional area","authors":"Marco Vona,&nbsp;Angelo Anelli,&nbsp;Teresa Tufaro,&nbsp;Paolo Harabaglia,&nbsp;Federico Mori,&nbsp;Benedetto Manganelli","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02072-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02072-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study focuses on seismic resilience at a sub-regional level and its effect on proactive planning of seismic strengthening. The case study for application is the sub-regional community of Agri Valley in Southern Italy. A resilience priority index is proposed and quantified, to determine the priority ranking of communities requiring retrofit interventions. In this study, the role of residential building stock is emphasized, since as this paper shows, it can strongly affect community resilience and mitigation strategies. The analysis presented in the study is only seemingly simplistic. In reality, its goal is to provide simple tools that are easy to apply. In this way, the study could improve mid and long-term resilience through the implementation of financially sustainable mitigation strategies based on a multidisciplinary approach. It considers a quantitative approach to resilience and combines the latter with socio-economic data in order to set priorities in the large-scale application of seismic risk mitigation strategies. The resilience values of the considered housing systems are calculated and are integrated with the processed economic and social data in order to prioritize retrofit interventions in the study area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"113 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct loss-based seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete frames","authors":"Giorgio Rubini,&nbsp;Gian Michele Calvi,&nbsp;Roberto Gentile","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02027-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02027-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In earthquake-prone areas, structures not compliant with modern design codes significantly contribute to seismic risk. Therefore, risk mitigation strategies (e.g., seismic retrofit) should be employed to reduce the expected economic and human losses. This paper introduces a procedure for the design of retrofit solutions for reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings to achieve - rather than be bounded by - a desired target level of earthquake-induced loss for a given site-specific seismic hazard profile. The presented methodology is “direct” because the designer and/or client can set a loss target in the first step of the procedure and no design iterations are virtually required. Direct loss-based seismic retrofit (DLBR) relies on a simplified loss assessment methodology enabled by a surrogate probabilistic seismic demand model. This defines the probability distribution of seismic deformation demand of single degree of freedom (SDoF) systems conditioned on different shaking intensity levels. The proposed design methodology enables designers to account for risk/loss-based considerations from the conceptual/preliminary design phase, thus facilitating the choice among different retrofit solutions. Starting from two under-designed case-study buildings, four illustrative applications of the procedure are provided. They involve considering different economic expected annual loss targets and different retrofit solutions involving the addition of RC walls and RC column jacketing. Benchmark loss estimates are calculated using non-linear time-history analyses of refined, multi-degree-of-freedom models showing satisfactory results: the simplified loss estimate introduces an overestimation maximum equal to 15.4% among the four illustrative applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"327 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-024-02027-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stochastic numerical approach on the diagonal shear behavior of brick masonry wallettes fabricated with traditional lime-sand mortar","authors":"Abed Soleymani,&nbsp;Ali Johari,&nbsp;Mohammad Amir Najafgholipour","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02069-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02069-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanical properties of masonry materials have an inherent variability which may be attributed to the type of material (brick and mortar) and workmanship. Therefore, using a stochastic approach to investigate the behavior of Un-Reinforced Masonry (URM) structures provides a more realistic insight about their behavior. In this paper, the diagonal shear behavior of square wallettes constructed with traditional lime-sand mortar and clay bricks is evaluated through a Stochastic Finite Element Analysis (SFEA) combined with Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). For this purpose, two important mechanical properties of the masonry, including the compressive strength of the masonry prism and the brick-mortar bond strength are considered as the stochastic input variables. To find the appropriate probabilistic distributions for these parameters, extensive material tests (masonry compression test and brick-mortar shear bond cohesion test) were conducted. Furthermore, diagonal shear tests were carried out on masonry wallettes made with the same materials and workmanship. In order to conduct the stochastic analysis, a Finite Element (FE) model based on a simplified micro-modeling approach was developed in software ABAQUS and validated with the results of the diagonal shear tests. Then, the key response parameters of the masonry wallettes including shear stress-drift curve, maximum shear strength, drift capacity, and the failure mechanism, determined through SFEA, are presented. The results demonstrate that the Normal distribution is the best fitted probability of distribution model for the two stochastic input parameters. Also, for two response parameters including drift capacity and maximum shear strength, the best fitted probability distributions are Weibull and Gamma distributions, respectively. Subsequently, according to the acceptance criteria related to the lateral drifts of URM walls corresponding to the collapse performance level provided in the design codes, the probability that the drift capacity of the wallettes exceeds the allowable drift corresponding to collapse performance level is calculated and discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"177 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the performance of intensity prediction equations for the Italian area","authors":"Andrea Antonucci,&nbsp;Giovanni Lanzano,&nbsp;Andrea Rovida,&nbsp;Sara Sgobba,&nbsp;Vera D’Amico,&nbsp;Augusto Antonio Gomez-Capera","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02071-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02071-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we evaluate the performance of five recent Intensity Prediction Equations (IPEs) valid for Italy comparing their predictions with intensities documented at Italian localities. We build four different testing datasets using the data contained in the most recent versions of the Italian Parametric Earthquake Catalogue CPTI15 and Macroseismic Database DBMI15 and we estimate the residuals between observed and predicted intensity values for all the selected IPEs. The results are then analyzed using a measure-oriented approach to score each model according to the goodness of model prediction and a diagnostic-oriented approach to investigate the trend of the residuals as a function of the different variables. The results indicate the capability of all the tested IPEs to reproduce the average decay of macroseismic intensity in Italy although with a general underestimation of high-intensity values. In addition, an in-depth investigation of the spatial and temporal patterns of the event residual term, computed using the best predictive model, is carried out. Lastly, we provide some hints for the selection of calibration datasets for the development of future intensity attenuation models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 2","pages":"807 - 829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-024-02071-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Seismic fragility assessment of reinforced concrete and post-tensioned slab-column connections - reliability-based formulations for storey drift limits","authors":"Aikaterini S. Genikomsou,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Abdelmaksoud,&nbsp;Georgios P. Balomenos","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02026-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02026-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 2","pages":"859 - 859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of the rigid diaphragm conditions for cross laminated timber floors","authors":"Giuseppe D’Arenzo,&nbsp;Pietro Rigo,&nbsp;Valentino Nicolussi,&nbsp;Luca Pozza,&nbsp;Daniele Casagrande","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02025-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02025-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a comprehensive numerical study aimed at defining the conditions for which Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) floor diaphragms of platform-type CLT buildings can be assumed rigid in linear seismic analyses. Numerical analyses are conducted on a regular CLT archetype within a framework of parametric analyses, in which different geometrical and mechanical parameters including the stiffness of the floor panel-to-panel connections, the stiffness of the floor-to-wall connections, the floor span, the distance between two consecutive shear-walls, the lateral stiffness of the shear-walls, and the number of storeys are varied. The conditions to ensure a rigid diaphragm behaviour are derived by calculating the discrepancies in terms of floor displacements, distribution of lateral forces in the shear-walls, and fundamental vibration period of the structure, between numerical models where the floor is modelled with its actual deformability and as rigid. The discrepancies are compared with threshold values given in Eurocode 8 and used to derive the conditions for which CLT floor diaphragms can be assumed rigid. The study reveals that the behaviour of the floor tends toward the rigid diaphragm condition by increasing the stiffness of the floor panel-to-panel connections and the number of storeys, and by decreasing the stiffness of the floor-to-wall connections, the ratio between the distance between two consecutive shear-walls and the floor span, and the stiffness of the shear-walls. Specific threshold values ensuring a rigid diaphragm behaviour are determined for the properties of the system, delivering the geometrical and mechanical conditions for rigid CLT floor diaphragms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 4","pages":"1759 - 1794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-024-02025-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of seismic demands for adjacent irregular buildings with transverse alignment eccentricity","authors":"Shehata E. Abdel Raheem,&nbsp;Ahmed Youssry,&nbsp;Mahmoud H. Soghier,&nbsp;Mohammed Y. M. Fooly,&nbsp;Yasser A. S. Gamal","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02038-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02038-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seismic pounding occurs when adjacent buildings lack adequate spacing, exacerbated by Alignment eccentricity and horizontal irregularities of adjacent buildings. The seismic lateral oscillation of adjacent irregular buildings promotes a torsional response under earthquake excitation, moreover, the gap distances recommended in the regulations to prevent collisions are generally insufficient due to the pounding behavior complicated by irregularity of adjacent buildings. Hence, this research aims to evaluate the eccentric pounding effects on seismic response demands for adjacent irregular buildings with transverse alignment eccentricity. The displacement, inter-story drift, story shear force, and torsional rotation responses are investigated and compared for different levels of irregularity. Results findings reveal that increasing alignment eccentricity of adjacent buildings leads to greater lateral displacements in the rebound direction, reduced displacements in the impact direction, and increased torsional rotation of the buildings, consequently, promote eccentric pounding, higher eccentricity leads to greater horizontal floor displacements and twisting motions, which increases the chances of adjacent floors colliding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"301 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-024-02038-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of seismic risk models for low-rise masonry structures considering age and deterioration effects","authors":"Si-Qi Li,&nbsp;Peng-Fei Qin,&nbsp;Peng-Chi Chen,&nbsp;Lin-Lin Zheng,&nbsp;Can Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02049-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02049-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many seismic damage field observations of masonry structures indicate that buildings constructed in different eras differ in terms of seismic risk and vulnerability under time-varying deterioration. However, the age deterioration effect is rarely considered in structural seismic vulnerability analysis, challenging the accuracy of the developed seismic risk model assessment. This paper considers the impact of age deterioration on seismic hazard and vulnerability, and an innovative probabilistic seismic hazard and risk model was developed. Using earthquake hazard theory and 1452,582 accelerations monitored by 11 stations during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, dynamic time history and response spectrum curves were generated considering the directionality of ground motion. Using the innovative model developed, the seismic vulnerability grade of 1228 low-rise masonry structures (Dujiangyan city) affected by the Wenchuan earthquake that the author investigated was evaluated, and a failure probability matrix of low-rise masonry structures considering the influence of age deterioration was established. A nonlinear fitting function was proposed to assess the seismic vulnerability of low-rise masonry structures, and vulnerability curves were generated via the developed empirical dataset. According to multiple onsite structural damage observations, there is a correlation between adjacent vulnerability and intensity grades. To study the correlation between the adjoining vulnerability grades of low-rise masonry structures under the influence of aging and different seismic intensity measures, an innovative structural seismic risk index model considering empirical and probabilistic algorithms (vulnerability correlation index (VCI) and intensity–vulnerability correlation index (IVCI)) has been proposed. On the basis of the seismic damage dataset, seismic risk curves for low-rise masonry structures were generated, considering the influence of age deterioration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"149 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Monte Carlo simulation approach to Aftershock Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (APSHA): methodology and verification","authors":"Ali Kavand,&nbsp;Khatereh Saghatforoush","doi":"10.1007/s10518-024-02063-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-024-02063-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aftershock probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (APSHA) is an essential element of rescue plan and reoccupying the buildings after large earthquakes. APSHA is usually performed by parametric approaches in which the seismic source causing the mainshock should be accurately identified. As an alternative solution, current study attempts to implement Monte Carlo simulations in APSHA. The main advantage of the proposed APSHA approach is that it does not require identifying the geometry of the causative seismic source. To this end, synthetic aftershock catalogs were generated for three major aftershock sequences occurred in western Zagros in Iran. The catalogs were then employed to predict Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values due to the aftershocks and the results were verified against recorded PGA data. The results of APSHA were generally consistent with the recorded PGA data according to different validation methodologies. However, the accuracy of the results obviously depended on the exceedance probability as well as the time interval elapsed from the mainshock.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"25 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}