Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Aspects of seismic response margins and overstrength of massive low-rise RC shear walls","authors":"Adrián Bekő,&nbsp;Helmut Wenzel,&nbsp;Barbora Bánská","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02500-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02500-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The nonlinear seismic behavior of massive low-rise shear walls under various earthquake motions is studied to contrast design assumptions with actual structural behavior. Various perspectives are herein adopted to understand the evolution of structural changes and their connection to possible margins. We specifically focus on behavior up to the reinforcement yield. A dedicated analytical model is used to calculate the structural response. The change in the apparent vibration frequency due to stiffness degradation is assessed using a time-frequency analysis, separately for the wall responding to the yield limit and to the ultimate limit. A considerable decrease in the apparent vibration frequency is noted also in the first case. When approaching the problem through load categorization, we see that such a categorization changes as the structure utilizes its ductile capacity. Next, assuming an elastoplastic idealization, we compare the code-based response spectrum with response spectra derived for scaled acceleration records, which would provoke a structural response to the yield limit. For such excitation, spectral ordinates higher than code-based values have been found. Seismic overstrength, defined in terms of yield reduction factors, has been calculated for various natural periods of the system. The strengthened yield reduction factors have been found to be 0.85–2.43 for the wall when responding to its yield limit and 1.16–5.11 when responding to its ultimate limit. Utilization of the overstrength over the idealized yield strength strongly depends on the character of the excitation and the natural period of the structure and can mean slight or considerable margins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 9","pages":"7545 - 7572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-026-02500-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variation of stress drop, b-value and Z-value around the Bandar-Abbas earthquake","authors":"Muhammed Hossein Mousavi,&nbsp;Parva Sadeghi Alavijeh,&nbsp;Faegheh Mina Araghi","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02503-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02503-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Southern Zagros fold-thrust belt is a seismically hazardous area with complex fault geometry, thick sedimentary cover, and extensive hydrocarbon infrastructure. This research examines the spatial variability of stress drop, b-value, and Z-value in the Southern Zagros during the time interval around the 2021 Mw 6.3 Bandar Abbas earthquake. Based on a seismic catalog of 10,616 earthquakes for the period 2006–2024, we examined these parameters over four time windows: 2.5 years prior to, 1 year prior to, 1 year after, and 2.5 years after the mainshock. Our combined results show a consistent seismic cycle pattern. In the pre-earthquake period, we found a notable stress accumulation (up to ~ 0.22 MPa), a clear reduction in b-value (down to ~ 0.7), and a clear pre-seismic seismic quiescence (rising Z-value) in the impending epicentral region. Such a combination marks a period of elevated differential stress and crustal preparation for failure. The mainshock ruptured this stress accumulation, leading to a dramatic post-seismic stress drop, a simultaneous rise in b-value, and an abrupt increase in Z-value in response to intensive aftershock activity. A modest recovery of stress and stabilization of both b- and Z-values over the subsequent years suggest the recommencement of tectonic loading by sustained Arabian-Eurasian convergence. The study highlights the collective diagnostic potential of stress drop, b-value, and Z-value analyses for the interpretation of stress evolution and for enhancing seismic hazard analyses in convergent tectonic environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 8","pages":"5545 - 5561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sliding joint masonry infill with deformable contact material: interaction with the RC frame and design guidelines","authors":"Simone Pelucco,&nbsp;Riccardo R. Milanesi,&nbsp;Paolo Morandi,&nbsp;Valentino Bolis,&nbsp;Andreas Stavridis,&nbsp;Guido Magenes,&nbsp;Marco Preti","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02492-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02492-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The seismic vulnerability of traditionally constructed masonry infilled frames has been repeatedly highlighted in post-event surveys, as well as by experimental and numerical studies. Infill walls with sliding joints can improve the seismic response of these structures. The paper describes some design equations derived from a parametric numerical analysis focusing on the interaction between the RC frame and the masonry infill with sliding joints. A previously proposed analytical model, able to predict the lateral strength contribution and the column shear overload due to the infill-frame interaction, is here extended to widen its field of application to walls with column-to-infill contact material characterized by and elastic response instead of an elastic-plastic one. A previously validated finite element modelling method is used to conduct a parametric study examining the role of the key design parameters of ductile masonry infill walls that implement sliding joints. The main model parameters are calibrated using data obtained from a previous comprehensive experimental campaign. A comparison of numerical and experimental results is also reported. The influence of different infill-frame contact material stiffnesses is analysed together with other design parameters, such as the bay length, the masonry properties, the layout of sliding and contact joints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 8","pages":"6665 - 6699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-026-02492-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence-aware Damage Accumulation Function for light damage in masonry walls under repeated, nonidentical earthquakes","authors":"Paul A. Korswagen,&nbsp;Jan G. Rots","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02476-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02476-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decades of induced seismicity in Groningen have exposed unreinforced clay masonry to frequent, shallow, small-to-moderate earthquakes. Conventional, event-centric vulnerability assessments largely ignore the cumulative effects of repeated shaking and therefore under-predict visible (light, crack-based) damage. We propose a sequence-aware Damage Accumulation Function (DAF) that advances a measured crack-based state Ψ across arbitrary PGV histories by separating similar-intensity repetitions (small increments) from events that set a new maximum (disproportionate jumps). The method integrates (i) earlier full-scale wall and spandrel experiments with high-resolution digital image correlation to quantify crack initiation, widening and extension; (ii) earlier calibrated nonlinear time-history analyses of Groningen-type motions using the Engineering Masonry Model; and (iii) a semi-empirical surrogate linking ∆Ψ to PGV and typological parameters with heteroskedastic, PGV-dependent uncertainty whose incremental contribution decays with sequence position. Applied to historical records and hypothetical futures, DAF results indicate that repeated low-intensity events meaningfully affect accumulation (≈10–20% additional ∆Ψ for same-intensity repeats), while a record-high PGV produces a marked jump. Regional analyses yield exceedance maps that differ from single-event fragility, especially at the edges with low but repeated PGV values and enable decision-facing metrics such as “damage hastening.” The formulation is intended for DS1/early DS2 crack damage of in-plane URM walls and uses PGV as the intensity measure. The DAF provides an interpretable, probabilistic complement to standard fragility where history and repetition govern light-damage progression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 8","pages":"6051 - 6097"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-026-02476-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damping mechanism of flexible rocking structures","authors":"Guiqiang Guo,&nbsp;Dongxia Sun,&nbsp;Luxin Li,&nbsp;Shushan Li,&nbsp;Jihao Chen,&nbsp;Zhihao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02504-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02504-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many theoretical analyses indicated that the circular frequency and damping ratio of flexible rocking structures are increased once they are uplifted, while experiments confirmed the circular frequency increase yet challenged the damping ratio increase. Even though in some studies the uplifted damping ratio is manually revised, this issue has not been truly resolved. To this end, this paper aims to investigate in depth this issue to unveil the damping mechanism. This paper first derives the governing equations of rocking motion of flexible rocking structures in accordance with the existing ways reported in the literature. It is shown that the physically inconsistent increase of damping ratio results from a default Rayleigh dissipation function related to oscillation damping in existing derivations. Then, the governing equations of rocking motion are rederived directly based on damping force, rather than the Rayleigh dissipation function. The new governing equations indicate that the circular frequency and damping ratio of flexible rocking structures are increased and decreased, respectively, which is consistent with the experimental observations. Additionally, new damping mechanism leads to more intense impact events and faster rotation decay. More importantly, the revised analytical model based on new damping mechanism can give better response predictions. Finally, the equivalent rocking damping ratio is defined in terms of the decay of rotation and an equivalent rocking damping coefficient model is proposed by using dimensional analysis. It is shown that the proposed equivalent rocking damping coefficient model is suitable for the simplified spring model of flexible rocking structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 8","pages":"6135 - 6159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-earthquake assessment and strengthening of the historical Elbistan Museum located at the epicenter of the Mw 7.6 Kahramanmaraş earthquake","authors":"Mohammad Manzoor Nasery,&nbsp;Mohammad Saber Sadid,&nbsp;Fatıma Zehra Sadid","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02498-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02498-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Elbistan Museum, located near the epicenter of the Mw 7.6 Elbistan earthquake, was affected by the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence (Mw 7.7 Pazarcık and Mw 7.6 Elbistan), with the most severe structural damage occurring during the second mainshock. Diagonal tensile and shear cracks appeared on interior masonry walls, while the exterior façades showed surface cracking, material separation, and partial stone detachment. This study investigates the observed damage through detailed field surveys and digital twin modeling to evaluate the museum’s structural performance. During the 2017 restoration process, the building underwent structural retrofitting interventions. Independent internal steel frames were introduced to carry live and dead loads from visitors and intermediate floors, thereby reducing vertical load demand on the masonry walls. In addition, a continuous steel ring beam was installed at the roof level to provide rigid diaphragm action and enhance global stiffness. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) analyses were performed in ABAQUS using a macro-modeling approach. Linear modal and response spectrum analyses were conducted to evaluate the global dynamic characteristics, followed by nonlinear time-history analyses to assess seismic performance under strong ground motion. The results demonstrated that the steel ring beam significantly improved the structural response. Compared with the Unreinforced Masonry Model (URM), the dominant period decreased by approximately 9%, while stresses and roof displacements in the Steel Roof-Diaphragm Model (SRDM) were reduced by 34% and 41%, respectively. Furthermore, micro-model analyses were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed clamp and dowel reinforcements for wall reconstruction. The strengthened walls exhibited 28% lower out-of-plane displacements and no material detachment, indicating more stable behavior. These findings confirm that the proposed technique provides an effective strengthening solution for thin, ashlar-faced rubble masonry walls such as those of the Elbistan Museum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 8","pages":"5993 - 6050"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-026-02498-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative collapse analysis to determine crack width limits of squat RC shear walls","authors":"William D. Galik,&nbsp;Yealemnegus F. Waktola,&nbsp;Paolo M. Calvi","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02484-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02484-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After an earthquake, the decision to repair or replace a damaged reinforced-concrete (RC) structure depends partly on crack width observations, which are used to classify damage levels. However, empirical crack width limits prescribed by current guidelines are coarsely defined and do not consider the effect of reinforcement configuration, axial load ratio or component size on the damage severity indicated by a crack measurement. This work adopts a simulation framework to assess which parameters affect crack widths at a severe, or “red-tag”, damage state. The so-called relative performance simulation framework quantifies the influence of a damaging earthquake on the collapse probability of a structure in a future earthquake and is implemented herein for seven squat RC shear walls from the experimental literature. The walls are modeled with a thoroughly validated macro-modeling approach and are simulated for 28 back-to-back incremental dynamic analyses to determine their damaged and undamaged collapse fragilities. By plotting the peak crack width during the damaging earthquake against the collapse capacity reduction due to the earthquake-induced damage, a “red-tag” crack width is obtained for each wall. Axial load ratio has a profound effect on red-tag crack width, which ranges from 0.7 mm to 5.5 mm for load ratios between 0 and 20%. It is therefore clear that crack width inspection triggers cannot be invariant, as is the case in existing guidelines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 8","pages":"6637 - 6664"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-026-02484-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of early pulse action characteristics for near-field long-period ground motions on the seismic performance of various design parameters reinforced concrete frame columns","authors":"Jiawei Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Mingchao Tian,&nbsp;Aofei Jia,&nbsp;Ke Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02456-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02456-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the influence of velocity pulses, the elasto-plastic displacement time history response of structures under near-field long-period ground motions are different from those under ordinary ground motions. To investigate the impact of near-field long-period ground motions on structural performance, it is essential to clarify the mechanism by which the unique action characteristics of near-field long-period ground motions affect the seismic behavior of structural components. In this study, a quasi-static loading protocols that reflects the action characteristics of near-field long-period motions was used for quasi-static testing and numerical simulation Subsequently, the influence of near-field long-period ground motions action characteristics on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns was studied through quasi-static tests and finite element analysis with different loading protocols and design parameters, revealing the preliminary impact of near-field long-period ground motions action characteristics on reinforced concrete columns. The results indicate that near-field long-period ground motions has significant early pulse action characteristics, and the early pulse amplitude can be used as an indicator of the action characteristics of near-field long-period ground motions; The early pulse displacement significantly affects the strength, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation, and deformation performance of the specimens, and the influence of pulse amplitude varies under different design parameters. A higher early pulse amplitude tends to cause the structure to enter the plastic stage earlier and results in a larger residual displacement ratio. The early damage caused by the early pulse has a decisive impact on the later response of the specimens. Finally, based on the analysis results, a calculation model for the reduction coefficient of seismic performance indicators considering the early pulse action characteristics of near-field long-period ground motions were proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 7","pages":"4969 - 5012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-plane drift capacities of non-ductile and limited ductile rectangular reinforced concrete shear Walls: empirical predictions","authors":"Seyed Meghdad Ghaseminia,&nbsp;Hossein Derakhshan,&nbsp;Julian Thamboo,&nbsp;David P. Thambiratnam,&nbsp;Tatheer Zahra","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02489-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02489-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reinforced concrete (RC) walls with single-layer (non-ductile walls) and double-layer (limited-ductile walls) reinforcement are commonly used in buildings located in low to moderate seismic regions. Despite being designed for adequate in-plane strength, the drift capacities of these walls remain a concern due to the absence of end confinement detailing. It has been recognised that a better understanding and more accurate estimation of wall drift capacities, using available empirical evidence, is essential for assessing and reducing the risk of structural instabilities observed in past earthquakes. To this end, an experimental database comprising 47 single-layered and 49 double-layered RC walls was developed, capturing the results of past in-plane cyclic shear tests. The database provided insights into the failure patterns and geometrical and mechanical parameters influencing the drift capacities of these walls. The analyses revealed that the double-layered RC walls generally possess higher drift capacities than their single-layered counterparts. The drift capacities of these walls were found to be influenced by complex parameters, including the effective slenderness ratio <span>(left( {{lambda _t}} right))</span>, shear stress demand <span>(left( {{V_u}/{A_g}sqrt {{f_c}} } right))</span>, and axial load ratio <span>(left( {P/{A_g}{f_c}} right))</span>. The existing empirical models, which were primarily developed for RC walls with special detailing in high-seismic regions, systematically over-predict the drift capacities of the non-ductile and limited-ductile walls considered in this study. Consequently, a new set of empirical formulations was developed to predict the drift capacities of single-layered and double-layered rectangular RC walls with non-ductile or limited-ductile detailing, as commonly used in regions of low to moderate seismic hazard. The proposed models were calibrated using regression analyses, demonstrating strong alignment with experimental results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 8","pages":"6599 - 6636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-026-02489-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time hybrid simulation testing of novel sma-based seismic upgrade of precast concrete beam-to-column joints","authors":"DeZhen Chen,&nbsp;Fadi Oudah","doi":"10.1007/s10518-026-02490-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10518-026-02490-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) experimental testing of a new upgrade system for seismically deficient precast buildings using shape memory alloy (SMA). The system, called SMA partial moment transfer (SMA-PMT) is installed strategically at beam-to-column joints within the precast building to develop a frame system (up to the capacity of the existing column and beam at joint) acting along the existing building shear wall to resist lateral loads, as opposed to upgrading the seismic capacity by strengthening the existing shear wall which is often challenging from a constructability perspective. Three beam-to-column joints equipped with SMA-PMT devices were subjected to six RTHS tests using scaled earthquake records. Results indicate that the SMA-PMT devices successfully establish partial frame action at targeted joints, significantly improving lateral load capacity and seismic performance while limiting residual deformations. The findings experimentally validate the previously proposed retrofit concept and demonstrate the potential of SMA-based devices for upgrading deficient lateral systems in existing precast buildings, providing a practical solution for seismic risk mitigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9364,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","volume":"24 8","pages":"6575 - 6598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}