V S Evsyukova, I E Sorokin, P A Kulikov, A V Kulikov
{"title":"Dechorionation at an Early Stage of Embryogenesis Modifies the Behavior and Biogenic Amines in the Brain of Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio).","authors":"V S Evsyukova, I E Sorokin, P A Kulikov, A V Kulikov","doi":"10.1007/s10517-026-06661-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-026-06661-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The removal of the cuticular membrane (chorion) in developing Danio rerio embryos was used as a model of mild and long-acting influences to study their consequences for adult D. rerio. We studied the effect of dechorionation 12 h after fertilization on survival, body weight, sex ratio, behavior in the home tank and in the novel tank test, the level of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and their metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine acetic (DOPAC) acids in the brain of 6-month-old fish. Dechorionation did not affect survival, body weight, sex ratio, and locomotor activity of adult fish. At the same time, it significantly affected vertical activity of adult fish: the time spent in the upper third of the tank increased in a familiar environment (in a school and in a home tank), but decreased under stressful conditions (novel tank test). Dechorionation did not affect the levels of DA, DOPAC, 5-HT, 5-HIAA, the DOPAC/DA ratio and 5-HIAA/5-HT, but significantly decreased the level of NE in the brain of adult fish. Thus, we have demonstrated the critical role of the chorion for tuning of the brain NE system and the formation of defensive behavior in adult D. rerio: dechorionation causes long-term changes in the brain NE system and in the defensive behavior in the novel tank test in adult fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":9331,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Depression in Mature Male Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta): Direct and Delayed Consequences of Deprivation.","authors":"N V Meishvili, V G Chalyan, A E Anikaeva","doi":"10.1007/s10517-026-06660-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-026-06660-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied the effect of 6-month deprivation (individual housing) on the manifestations of depression in mature male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). It was found that two weeks after the cessation of deprivation and return to group housing conditions, all males showed a significantly higher level of depressive manifestations. In most males, increased level of depressive manifestations in comparison with baseline conditions persisted a year after the cessation of deprivation. The severity of depressive manifestations at all stages of the study largely depended on the individual characteristics of the monkeys.</p>","PeriodicalId":9331,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N V Arbuzova, M V Shpilevaya, G L Katunin, O E Kuznetsov, N Yu Nosov, A A Kubanov
{"title":"Differentiation of Late Latent Syphilis and False-Positive Serological Reactions: A Combination of ELISA and Discriminant Analysis.","authors":"N V Arbuzova, M V Shpilevaya, G L Katunin, O E Kuznetsov, N Yu Nosov, A A Kubanov","doi":"10.1007/s10517-026-06659-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-026-06659-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effectiveness of ELISA in combination with multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) for differentiating late latent syphilis (LLS) and false positive reactions (FPR) for syphilis was assessed. ELISA was used to determine IgG levels in the sera of patients with confirmed LLS and FPR to five recombinant Treponema pallidum antigens: Tp319, Tp453, Tp684, Tp965, and Tp1038. The three most informative antigens Tp0453, Tp0684, and Tp1038 were identified by using stepwise discriminant analysis, and a discriminant function was constructed to distinguish the patient groups with LLS and FPR. The accuracy of differentiating the two nosologies was 90.3%. The Tp0684 antigen was the most substantial differentiating factor. The results demonstrate the promise of using a combination of ELISA and MDA to improve the diagnosis of latent forms of syphilis and reduce the frequency of erroneous interpretations of the serological tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":9331,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147762308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L M Sosedova, V A Vokina, A A Pankova, V S Rukavishnikov
{"title":"Reproductive Toxicity of Wildfire Smoke.","authors":"L M Sosedova, V A Vokina, A A Pankova, V S Rukavishnikov","doi":"10.1007/s10517-026-06658-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-026-06658-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied the effect of peat smoke intoxication in pregnant rats on the early postnatal development of the second-generation offspring. The smoke was inhaled on days 14-18 of pregnancy. The first-generation offspring at puberty (3 months) was mated to produce the second-generation offspring in the following 3 variants: females exposed to prenatal smoke and intact males (experiment 1), males exposed to prenatal smoke and intact females (experiment 2), and males and females exposed to prenatal smoke (experiment 3); intact females and males comprised the control group. In the second-generation offspring, physical development, body weight gain dynamics, rate of maturation of sensorimotor reflexes, and parameters of open-field behavior were assessed. The results showed that exposure to peat smoke in pregnant rats reduced survival rates and impaired physical development in the second-generation offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":9331,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147762989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E A Tyrina, I V Andrianova, E R Andreeva, Yu A Romanov, L B Buravkova
{"title":"Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Exhibit Resistance to Long-Term Simulated Microgravity.","authors":"E A Tyrina, I V Andrianova, E R Andreeva, Yu A Romanov, L B Buravkova","doi":"10.1007/s10517-026-06666-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-026-06666-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We performed a comprehensive analysis of changes in the functional state of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the umbilical cord tissue (UC-MSCs) after a 30-day simulated microgravity exposure. It was found that simulated microgravity induced changes in the expression of stromal markers and cell cycle regulators in UC-MSCs but did not alter their viability and expression of the cytoskeletal genes. We also observed shifts in the expression of adhesion molecules and enhanced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. These findings indicate that microgravity modulates functional properties of MSCs and confirm the possibility of using these cells as a model system for studies of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying adaptation to microgravity during long-term spaceflights.</p>","PeriodicalId":9331,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147762760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I V Kholodenko, R Yu Saryglar, A Y Lupatov, K V Kovalskaya, O A Bystrykh, A V Kuprin, K N Yarygin
{"title":"Variability of the Immunosuppressive Properties of Glioma Cell Lines.","authors":"I V Kholodenko, R Yu Saryglar, A Y Lupatov, K V Kovalskaya, O A Bystrykh, A V Kuprin, K N Yarygin","doi":"10.1007/s10517-026-06665-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-026-06665-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunotherapeutic methods, such as the use of checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cells, dendritic cell vaccines, etc., offer promising approach to the treatment of glioblastomas. Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines used in glioma therapy have been well studied and are effective in some cases. However, the use of DC vaccines for the treatment of patients with gliomas, though shows promising results, is still limited by the suboptimal choice of tumor antigen and the method of its loading, as well as the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor cell microenvironment. In this work, we showed that glioma cell lines express a broad spectrum of immune checkpoints, suppress the maturation of allogeneic DCs during direct co-culturing, and do not stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic lymphocytes. Lymphocytes primed with dendritic cells loaded with the corresponding tumor lysates effectively lysed only two of three glioma cell lines, T98G and U373 MG, whereas 1321N1 cells completely suppressed the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes primed by co-culturing with DCs loaded with the lysate of these cells. Thus, the efficacy of DC vaccines may be related to the individual characteristics of glioma cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":9331,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O B Tseilikman, I A Buksha, I A Lipatov, A E Epitashvili, A K Shonina, M V Shamshurin, E R Tepikina, M S Zhukov, V A Shatilov, V E Tseilikman, M A Grabchuk, A R Mustafaeva
{"title":"Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of Chronic Predatory Stress in Danio rerio Fish.","authors":"O B Tseilikman, I A Buksha, I A Lipatov, A E Epitashvili, A K Shonina, M V Shamshurin, E R Tepikina, M S Zhukov, V A Shatilov, V E Tseilikman, M A Grabchuk, A R Mustafaeva","doi":"10.1007/s10517-026-06649-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-026-06649-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A model of chronic predatory stress was effectively reproduced in Danio rerio. It was found that during chronic stress, the fish used an active coping strategy. The results of the novel tank diving test indicate the presence of anxiety and phobic disorders in stressed fish. Behavioral disorders are associated with an increase in serotonin levels with a simultaneous decrease in Z-MAO activity and a decrease in the level of cortisol in stressed fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":9331,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E A Melnikova, A V Sentyabreva, I S Tsvetkov, A M Kosyreva
{"title":"Biomolecular Changes in the Myocardium of Female and Male BALB/c Mice with Autoimmune Myocarditis.","authors":"E A Melnikova, A V Sentyabreva, I S Tsvetkov, A M Kosyreva","doi":"10.1007/s10517-026-06664-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-026-06664-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune myocarditis is a disease with pronounced sex-related differences. It is known that the incidence of myocarditis is higher in men; however, other autoimmune diseases are more commonly observed in women. The aim of this study was to assess molecular and biological changes in the myocardium of male and female BALB/c mice on days 14 and 60 of experimental autoimmune myocarditis. We examined the morphological properties of the myocardium, the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in the myocardium, and the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-10 in blood serum. Sex-specific differences in the molecular and biological changes in the myocardium were identified at both time points of autoimmune myocarditis. In males, a pronounced lymphoid-histiocytic infiltration was observed, along with alterations in the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Males showed increased expression of Il1b, Il6, Hif1a, and Tgfb mRNA on day 14 and Il1b, Nfkb, Il10, and Tgfb mRNA on day 60. In females, changes were less pronounced: the expression of Il1b mRNA was elevated on day 14, but no significant changes were observed on day 60. The serum levels of IL-10 and IL-1β in males increased on days 14 and 60, respectively. These findings may explain the sex-specific differences in the course of autoimmune myocarditis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9331,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A E Proshchina, Yu S Krivova, A S Kharlamova, G A Sonin, S V Saveliev
{"title":"CK19 and PDX1 as Markers of Differentiation and Maturation of Pancreatic Islet Endocrine Cells.","authors":"A E Proshchina, Yu S Krivova, A S Kharlamova, G A Sonin, S V Saveliev","doi":"10.1007/s10517-026-06663-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-026-06663-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied patterns of staining for early cell markers in the forming pancreatic islets during months 5 and 6 of human prenatal development. The study was performed on 10 autopsy specimens of the fetal pancreas (gestational age 16-23 weeks) using multiple immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to PDX1 and CK19. Two main types of cells have been identified: cells with the intense staining for PDX1 and weak or no staining for CK19 that were located in the central area of the mantle islets or at one the poles of bipolar islets and may be referred to a population of β cells and cells with staining for CK19 and weak or no staining for PDX1 that were located at the periphery of the mantle islets or at the other pole of bipolar islets and may be referred to a population of α cells. The islet cells had additional phenotypes based on the staining for CK19 and PDX1, which requires further studies to determine the fate of these cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":9331,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Possible Ways of Reducing Adverse Events Associated with mRNA Vaccines Encapsulated in Lipid Nanoparticles.","authors":"L A Kisakova, S A Ilyicheva, A P Rudometov","doi":"10.1007/s10517-026-06645-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-026-06645-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>mRNA vaccines have a number of advantages over traditional vaccines: high safety (no risk of infection, minimal possibility of integration into the genome), the ability to induce both cellular and humoral immune responses, as well as the possibility of repeated administration due to the absence of antiviral immunity. The effectiveness of Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech products that use lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery have been proven, but they have disadvantages, including the need for ultra-low-temperature storage and side effects associated with lipid components of vaccines. Polymers, polypeptides, dendrimers, and other delivery systems are being investigated as alternative methods of mRNA delivery. This review analyzes the side effects of mRNA vaccines encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles and promising approaches to reducing their reactogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9331,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}