Tanzanian economic review最新文献_第8页

Economic Implications of the Quality of Antimalarials in Dar es Salaam 达累斯萨拉姆抗疟药质量的经济影响

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v10i1.57

O. Osoro

{"title":"Economic Implications of the Quality of Antimalarials in Dar es Salaam","authors":"O. Osoro","doi":"10.56279/ter.v10i1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v10i1.57","url":null,"abstract":"This paper economically analyses the actual quality of antimalarials in Dar es Salaam using drug quality analysis involving identification, uniformity of weight, and an assay of active ingredients. It seeks to determine the actual quality of antimalarials in Dar es Salaam and to determine the impact of this quality on health consumer utility, using the drug quality results to infer on the impact of quality on health consumer utility. Findings reveal all sampled drugs met the necessary condition of good quality drugs by containing amounts of active ingredients that complied with the British Pharmacopoeial (BP) specifications. However, analysis beyond the assay of active ingredients tests revealed some batches of antimalarials manufactured in Tanzania possessed less quality relative to other sampled drugs. Thich increased the probability of the production of drugs that may be outside the pharmacopoeial specified active ingredients quantities. Some locally manufactured antimalarials are thus less adequate in reducing sick time, and therefore provide less utility to healthcare consumers. Regulation can thus be enhanced increasing focus on drug quality monitoring activities beyond assessing whether drugs comply with pharmacopoeial standards or not, as well as well as increasing emphasis on monitoring drug manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85046887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electronic Payment and Revenue Collection in Local Government Authorities in Tanzania: Evidence from Kinondoni Municipality 坦桑尼亚地方政府机构的电子支付和税收:来自基隆多尼市的证据

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v9i2.47

S. Kessy

{"title":"Electronic Payment and Revenue Collection in Local Government Authorities in Tanzania: Evidence from Kinondoni Municipality","authors":"S. Kessy","doi":"10.56279/ter.v9i2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v9i2.47","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role of e-payment on revenue collection in Kinondoni Municipal, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to revenue collectors and administrators using simple random sampling procedure; obtaining a total of 77 respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. The findings revealed that most of the respondents admitted that e-payment influences revenue collection by enabling the Municipal increase tax compliance. It was further revealed that e-payment can provide additional competitive edge in monitoring revenue sources, and improving the quality of financial reporting. Furthermore, the findings revealed a positive linear relationship between e-payment and revenue collection in terms of tax compliance, monitoring of revenue sources, and financial reporting. The study indicated that all e-payment modes are aligned with tax compliance. Apart from positive achievements of e-payment, poor connectivity, limited awareness, lack of technical assistance, poor experience of the technology by tax collectors, and unreliable power supply were considered as challenges in implementing e-payment system. Thus, to hasten the use of e-payment system in revenue collection, it is crucial to address the identified challenges and conduct training to all tax collectors and tax payers. Also, the geographical information system (GIS) should be integrated in the e-payment system to automate the process of allocating revenue sources.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83205452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Determinants of Interest Rate Spreads In Uganda’s Commercial Banking Sector: A Panel Data Analysis 乌干达商业银行部门利差的决定因素:面板数据分析

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v9i2.44

Robert Nabende, Ibrahim Mukisa, Edward Bbaale

{"title":"Determinants of Interest Rate Spreads In Uganda’s Commercial Banking Sector: A Panel Data Analysis","authors":"Robert Nabende, Ibrahim Mukisa, Edward Bbaale","doi":"10.56279/ter.v9i2.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v9i2.44","url":null,"abstract":"Uganda’s interest rate spreads have persistently remained high despite the financial liberalisation undertaken in the 1990s. Using data for 24 banks, we assess the determinants of interest rate spreads in Uganda’s commercial banking sector for the period 2005-2015. Results show that, among the bank-specific factors, interest rate spreads increase with increase in credit risk, liquidity risk, and capital adequacy ratio. Contrary to most studies and a priori expectations, non-interest income is shown to be positively related to bank spreads. Bank size is shown to be negatively related to interest rate spreads. For industry-specific factors, foreign bank participation in loans markets is associated with higher spreads. For macroeconomic factors, high inflation rates are shown to translate into high spreads, whilst high real GDP growth rates and broad money supply are associated with lower spreads. Contrary to theory and most literature, exchange rate volatility is associated with lower bank spreads. Going forward, banks and government should devise mechanisms to encourage loan repayment, and banks should be encouraged to reduce on holding excess liquid assets. At a macro-level, the Bank of Uganda should maintain its stance on curbing inflation. Economic growth and financial development should as well be encouraged. \u0000JEL Classifications: C23; E43; E44; G21; L11","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79813180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Do Workers Join Trade Unions? 工人为什么要加入工会?

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v9i2.49

D. Manda, G. Mwabu

引用次数: 0

Adoption of International Standards on Auditing by Small and Medium-Sized Practices in Tanzania: An Examination of Critical Factors 坦桑尼亚中小型企业采用国际审计准则:对关键因素的考察

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v9i2.46

Henry Chalu

{"title":"Adoption of International Standards on Auditing by Small and Medium-Sized Practices in Tanzania: An Examination of Critical Factors","authors":"Henry Chalu","doi":"10.56279/ter.v9i2.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v9i2.46","url":null,"abstract":"Tanzania, like many countries in the world, adopted international standards on auditing (ISAs) in 2004, which made it mandatory for all auditing firms to use to ensure high audit quality. Although several studies have been conducted to explore factors behind the adoption of ISAs, these studies have concentrated on large auditing firms ignoring small and medium practices (SMPs). Moreover, these studies have not focused on successful adoption as a multi-dimensional concept. Based on these gaps, this study seeks to examine the relationship between factors and successful adoption of ISAs by SMPs in Tanzania. The study employs canonical correlation analysis (CCA) as suggested by Fornell and Larcker (1980) to analyse primary data collected using self-administered questionnaire to 113 auditors working in SMPs. Empirical results show that the availability of resources, regulatory enforcement, client capacity, organizational culture, and organizational structure are positively related with successful adoption of ISA. The findings suggest that policies on the adoption of ISA should not only focus on compliance but also on resources availed to SMPs and capacity of clients involved in the auditing process. \u0000JEL Codes: M40, M41, M42","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88954937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Determinant of Healthcare Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲医疗保健投资的决定因素

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v9i2.48

M. Nuhu, M. Kauky

{"title":"Determinant of Healthcare Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"M. Nuhu, M. Kauky","doi":"10.56279/ter.v9i2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v9i2.48","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the determinants of healthcare investment in Sub-SaharanAfrica from 1999 to 2017 involving 35 SSA countries. The econometrics methodsused in the study involves the fixed effect and random effect models, and thegeneralized method of moments (GMM-SYS). The results of the static model showedthat GDP per capita, population and inflation positively affect investment in SubSaharan Africa, while debt service as a share of GDP negatively impacts healthcareinvestment in SSA. On the other hand, the GMM results showed that GDP percapita, population, growth, inflation, and debt service as a share of GDP have anegative relationship with healthcare investment, while infant mortality rate has apositive influence on healthcare investment in SSA. The study recommends that forSSA to improve the health sector and reduce incidences of malaria, HIV,tuberculosis, diarrhoea, and other diseases, it is important for both the governmentsand private investors to raise the level of healthcare investments to pay for betterhealthcare services, build more hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities; andbetter finance research and development in the health sector.Keywords: healthcare investment, per capita, population, debt service and infantmortality rate.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84734304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Nigeria’s New Pensions Reform on National Savings: Empirical Evidence 尼日利亚新养老金改革对国民储蓄的影响:经验证据

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v9i1.43

Werikechukwu J. Okweshine, H. Kanwanye

{"title":"The Impact of Nigeria’s New Pensions Reform on National Savings: Empirical Evidence","authors":"Werikechukwu J. Okweshine, H. Kanwanye","doi":"10.56279/ter.v9i1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v9i1.43","url":null,"abstract":"The study used a simple Keynesian macroeconomic framework to examine the effect of the new pension reform scheme on national savings in Nigeria during 2007-2016. Annual data of the relevant variables were obtained from secondary sources thatinclude the National Pension Commission (Pencom), National Bureau of Statistics 2016, World Bank country data 2016, and the Central Bank of Nigeria bulletin 2016. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression technique was utilized for the analyses.Empirical results show that pension assets have a significant negative effect on national saving, hence, an increase in pension assets hinders the growth of national savings in Nigeria. This situation can be explained by the continuous pension debtpaid by the government to individuals who transited from the old to the new pension scheme. The results also show that income and deposit rates have a significant positive impact on savings. Finally, budget deficit and national savings are inversely related,with the former having a significant influence on the latter. The study recommends that the government should finance pension debt using tax; and that the pension fund should be invested in infrastructural development.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80079006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recession and the Challenge of Sustainable Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Evaluation of Macroeconomic Policies 尼日利亚经济衰退与可持续经济增长的挑战:宏观经济政策评价

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v9i1.42

I. O. Oseni, A. Okwu, D. Babalola, S. B. Adegboyega

引用次数: 1

Macroeconomic Policies, Industrialization and Economic Growth in Nigeria 尼日利亚的宏观经济政策、工业化和经济增长

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v9i1.38

C. Ighodaro, Vincent O. Ajayi-Ojo

引用次数: 0

Why is it Imperative for Tanzania to Industrialize? 为什么坦桑尼亚必须工业化?

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v9i1.41

B. Mkenda

{"title":"Why is it Imperative for Tanzania to Industrialize?","authors":"B. Mkenda","doi":"10.56279/ter.v9i1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v9i1.41","url":null,"abstract":"Tanzania’s average annual growth rate of GDP of 6.4% between 2005 and 2017 has had limited impact on jobs and poverty reduction. The current government’s mantra, ‘Tanzania ya Viwanda’, is meant to tackle these two problems. The objectives of thepaper are fourfold: first, to gain clear understanding of the Tanzanian context and why it is imperative to industrialize; second, to examine to what extent Tanzania has structurally transformed, and how that has been responsible for poverty and growthwithout jobs; third, to examine how industrial development could enhance agricultural production; and fourth, to assess the opportunities and challenges that exist in Tanzania’s industrialization drive and draw some policy implications. The paper uses labour market, macro and trade data from secondary sources, and employs the exploratory analytical approach. It concludes that the imperative to industrialize in Tanzania cannot be overemphasized due to the following gains: structural transformation, job creation, higher agricultural productivity, and poverty reduction. The industrialization drive must focus on Tanzania’s comparative advantage and ensure that some of the challenges identified—i.e., poor infrastructure, weak business environment and regional integration hurdles—are well known, addressed, and given the priority they deserve. \u0000JEL Codes: I30, J60, O55","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82687006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0