Tanzanian economic review最新文献_第10页

Presumptive Tax System and its Influence on the Ways Informal Entrepreneurs Behave in Tanzania 假定税收制度及其对坦桑尼亚非正式企业家行为方式的影响

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2015-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v5i1-2.17

Samboja Haji Hatibu Haji

{"title":"Presumptive Tax System and its Influence on the Ways Informal Entrepreneurs Behave in Tanzania","authors":"Samboja Haji Hatibu Haji","doi":"10.56279/ter.v5i1-2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v5i1-2.17","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides an analysis of how the presumptive tax system in Tanzania influenced the ways in which informal entrepreneurs behave. The established presumptive income tax system is based on solid sector and fiscal policies, and effective legal and institutional systems. Whereas the absolute increases in presumptive tax revenues and SME behaviour changes have partly been contributed by improvement of the presumptive scheme system, the study suggests that overall government reforms, tax surveys and patrols, tax severance and tax audits: all have their contributions to these achievements. However, the relative contribution of presumptive tax to total tax has been low and insignificant despite the presumptive tax reforms. Many SME firms are still outside the TRA tax net, suggesting the existence of weaknesses in the existing presumptive tax system. There is a need to intensify effective presumptive taxation reforms for SME entrepreneurs through rationalizing turnover tax regime, monitoring and controlling factors influencing behavioural patterns of SMEs, promoting segments focused on education and service to drive voluntary compliance, and improving operational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73938556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Effect of Microfinance on Poverty Reduction in Tanzania: A Case Study of the African Microfinance Limited 小额信贷对坦桑尼亚减贫的影响——以非洲小额信贷有限公司为例

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2014-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v4i1-2.12

Joyce M. Kaseva

{"title":"Effect of Microfinance on Poverty Reduction in Tanzania: A Case Study of the African Microfinance Limited","authors":"Joyce M. Kaseva","doi":"10.56279/ter.v4i1-2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v4i1-2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Microfinance is defined as the provision of financial services to low-income people, particularly women. It is an attempt to improve access to small loans for poor individuals who are neglected by formal commercial banks. Microfinance is an effective way of financial inclusion of the poor, and therefore a key driver of poverty alleviation. Using the African Microfinance Limited as a case, this study aims at assessing the effect of microfinance institutions on poverty reduction in Kinondoni District in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data were collected from 115 clients who live in the district; and 3 loan officers were purposively selected and interviewed. The effectiveness of microfinancing is measured by total income generated from the enterprise. Descriptive statistics as well as ordinary least square method was then used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that individual’s income increases as a result of access to loan; the latter being a function of collateral, cash inflows and education. Even though the poor were targeted as beneficiaries, only the ones with high collateral and high cash inflow; as well as those with high education appear to be the successful ones. Giving training for would-be borrowers on the fundamentals of business management would render microfinance more effective.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89343928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Factors Affecting the Choice of Adaptation Measures To Climate Change: The Case of Famers In the Sudano-Sahelian Area of Cameroon 影响气候变化适应措施选择的因素——以喀麦隆苏丹-萨赫勒地区农民为例

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2014-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v4i1-2.10

Dorothé Ngondjeb Yong

引用次数: 7

An Applied Macro-econometric Model for Supply Constrained African Economy: A Rwandan Macro Model 供给约束下非洲经济的应用宏观计量模型:一个卢旺达宏观模型

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2014-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v4i1-2.9

A. Geda, Addis Yimer

{"title":"An Applied Macro-econometric Model for Supply Constrained African Economy: A Rwandan Macro Model","authors":"A. Geda, Addis Yimer","doi":"10.56279/ter.v4i1-2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v4i1-2.9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we have developed a macro-econometric model for a typical supply constrained African economy. This is aimed at developing a theoretical and empirical template for such policy tools that are increasingly being demanded in African ministries of finance and central banks. We have concretized it by building a macro-econometric model for Rwanda. The Rwanda macro-econometric model has 107 equations, of which 72 are endogenous. In addition, a supplementary ARIMA based model with 33 equations for exogenous variable is built to make the model useful for forecasting. The fiscal, balance of payment and money supply block of the model is fairly disaggregated to offer an adequate picture of the macro economy. An econometric estimation of the core behavioral equations of the model using equilibrium [error]-correction approach, with the database that stretches from 1960 to 2009 is made. The model can easily be further extended to the support budgeting, forecasting and macro-economic policy analysis work at the relevant ministries and central banks in Africa. We have managed to successfully solve the model and reproduced historical values from 1999 to 2009, and forecasted major macro variables for the year 2010 to 2015. We have also used the model to conduct a policy and external shock related simulation exercise that is very important for policy makers. We hope this model offers a theoretical and empirical framework for building similar applied macro models across Africa.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76267624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Factors Affecting Engagement and Commercialization Of Innovation Activities of Firms in Tanzania 影响坦桑尼亚企业创新活动参与与商业化的因素

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2014-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v4i1-2.11

O. Osoro, S. Kirama, J. Knoben, P. Vermeulen

引用次数: 9

Determinants of Households Willingness to Participate In Solid Waste Separation for Reduce, Reuse and Recycle: The Case of Dar es Salaam 家庭参与固体废物分类减量化、再利用和再循环意愿的决定因素:以达累斯萨拉姆为例

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v3i1-2.4

Joel Monella, V. Leyaro

{"title":"Determinants of Households Willingness to Participate In Solid Waste Separation for Reduce, Reuse and Recycle: The Case of Dar es Salaam","authors":"Joel Monella, V. Leyaro","doi":"10.56279/ter.v3i1-2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v3i1-2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Using households as units of analysis, and Dar es Salaam as a case, this study employs the logistic regression model to investigate and assess factors that determine households’ willingness to participate in wastes separation for reuse and recycle. Analysis based on descriptive statistics established that out of 450 households, most respondents (60%) are not aware of wastes separation and sorting for reduce, reuse and recycle. Of those who aware, only a few engaged in wastes separation and sortingfor reduce, reuse and recycling; and even for these, the sorting is only limited to plastics bottles (more than 70%). Regression results find that households’ willingness to participate in domestic waste separation and sorting for reuse and recycle is influenced by array of factors, including: education, household’s level of income, wards handling status, incentive in terms of monetary and peers influence—all these are statistically significant. To enhance higher levels of household participation in wastesseparation and sorting there must be stronger stakeholders’ participation and involvement in issues of waste collection and management in urban areas; and proper channels for enhancing knowledge and awareness about waste collection andmanagement. More importantly, wastes separation at source is critical to effectively implement the 3Rs initiative, which is today perceived as solutions to challenges of managing wastes as well as offering income to material sorters, generate employment and promote industries and local artisans who utilizing reuse and recycled materials.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73821101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Efficiency of Manufacturing Establishments in Eritrea 厄立特里亚制造业机构的效率

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v3i1-2.5

Tuccu Selomon

引用次数: 0

The Role of Linkages in Determining Informal And Small Firms’ Performance: The Case of the Construction Industry in Tanzania 联系在决定非正式和小型企业绩效中的作用:以坦桑尼亚建筑业为例

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v3i1-2.2

引用次数: 5

Agricultural Inputs and Efficiency in Tanzania Small Scale Agriculture: A Comparative Analysis of Tobacco and Selected Food Crops. 坦桑尼亚小规模农业的农业投入和效率:烟草和选定粮食作物的比较分析。

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v3i1-2.6

A. Kidane, A. Hepelwa, E. Tingum, T. Hu

{"title":"Agricultural Inputs and Efficiency in Tanzania Small Scale Agriculture: A Comparative Analysis of Tobacco and Selected Food Crops.","authors":"A. Kidane, A. Hepelwa, E. Tingum, T. Hu","doi":"10.56279/ter.v3i1-2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v3i1-2.6","url":null,"abstract":"In this study an attempt is made to compare the efficiency in tobacco leaf production with three other cereals - maize, ground nut and rice - commonly grown by Tanzanian small scale farmers. The paper reviews the prevalence of tobacco use in Africa with that of the developed world; while there was a decline in the latter there appears to be an increase in the former. The economic benefit and costs of tobacco production and consumption in Tanzania are also compared. Using a nationally representative large scale data we were able to observe that modern agricultural inputs allotted to tobacco was much higher than those allotted to maize, ground nut and rice. Using A Frontier Production approach, the study shows that the efficiency of tobacco, maize, groundnuts and rice were 75.3%, 68.5%, 64.5% and 46.5% respectively. Despite the infusion of massive agricultural input allotted to it, tobacco is still 75.3% efficient-tobacco farmers should have produced the same amount by utilizing only 75.3% of realized inputs. The relatively high efficiency in tobacco can only be explained by the large scale allocation of modern agricultural inputs such as fertilizer, better seeds, credit facility and easy access to market. The situation is likely to be reversed if more allocation of inputs were directed to basic food crops such as maize, rice and ground nuts. Tanzania's policy of food security and poverty alleviation can only be achieved by allocating more modern inputs to basic necessities such as maize and rice.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84311047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Explaining Growth in Household Real Food Consumption Expenditure in Cameroon: 2001-2007 解释喀麦隆家庭实际食品消费支出的增长:2001-2007年

Tanzanian economic review Pub Date : 2013-12-31 DOI: 10.56279/ter.v3i1-2.1

E. L. Wirba, B. Epo, Francis Menjo Baye

{"title":"Explaining Growth in Household Real Food Consumption Expenditure in Cameroon: 2001-2007","authors":"E. L. Wirba, B. Epo, Francis Menjo Baye","doi":"10.56279/ter.v3i1-2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v3i1-2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to explain growth in household real food consumption expenditure in Cameroon between 2001 and 2007. Specifically, it assesses the relative importance of household real total expenditure in explaining household real food consumption expenditure; evaluates the direction of change of the marginal propensity to consume between the two periods, and investigates the role of access to endowments and returns to endowments in explaining growth in household real foodconsumption spending. To achieve these objectives, use is made of a microeconometric analysis of household real food consumption functions, a ShapleyOaxaca-Blinder decomposition of growth in household consumption spending and the 2001 and 2007 Cameroon household consumption surveys. Results show that the marginal propensity to consume declined significantly between 2001 and 2007; real total spending predominantly explains real food consumption spending and its growth; and returns to endowments overwhelmingly account for the negative growth in real food consumption spending. These results show that well-being marginally improved between 2001 and 2007. These findings are important and have implications for household buffering food crisis in rural household and developing mechanisms to fight against issues related to food insecurity in Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":91807,"journal":{"name":"Tanzanian economic review","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75861058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3