{"title":"Microbial production of aromatic compounds and synthesis of high-performance bioplastics.","authors":"Shunsuke Masuo","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbae111","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bbb/zbae111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial fermentation has provided fermented foods and important chemicals such as antibiotics, amino acids, and vitamins. Metabolic engineering of synthetic microbes has expanded the range of compounds produced by fermentation. Petroleum-derived aromatic compounds are widely used in industry as raw materials for pharmaceuticals, dyes, and polymers and are in great demand. This review highlights the current efforts in the microbial production of various aromatic chemicals such as aromatic amines, cinnamic acid derivatives, and flavoring aromatics, including their biosynthesis pathways. In addition, the unique biosynthetic mechanism of pyrazine, a heterocyclic compound, from amino acids is described to expand the use of biomass-derived aromatic compounds. I also discuss our efforts to develop high-performance bioplastics superior to petroleum plastics from the aromatic compounds produced by microbial fermentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1247-1253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141900957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inhibitory effects of extracts from Eucalyptus gunnii on α-synuclein amyloid fibrils.","authors":"Masatomo So, Misaki Ono, Shigeki Oogai, Minako Kondo, Kaede Yamazaki, Charlotte Nachtegael, Hiroshi Hamajima, Risa Mutoh, Masaki Kato, Hisaya Kawate, Tomoyuki Oki, Yasushi Kawata, Shiho Kumamoto, Noritaka Tokui, Toshiki Takei, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Akio Inoue, Naoki Yamamoto, Motoko Unoki, Kenichi Tanabe, Kinichi Nakashima, Hiroyuki Sasaki, Hironobu Hojo, Yasuo Nagata, Isao Suetake","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbae114","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bbb/zbae114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyloid fibril formation is associated with various amyloidoses, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Despite the numerous studies on the inhibition of amyloid formation, the prevention and treatment of a majority of amyloid-related disorders are still challenging. In this study, we investigated the effects of various plant extracts on amyloid formation of α-synuclein. We found that the extracts from Eucalyptus gunnii are able to inhibit amyloid formation, and to disaggregate preformed fibrils, in vitro. The extract itself did not lead to cell damage. In the extract, miquelianin, which is a glycosylated form of quercetin and has been detected in the plasma and the brain, was identified and assessed to have a moderate inhibitory activity, compared to the effects of ellagic acid and quercetin, which are strong inhibitors for amyloid formation. The properties of miquelianin provide insights into the mechanisms controlling the assembly of α-synuclein in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1289-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gyeong Han Jeong, Hanui Lee, Kyung-Bon Lee, Byung Yeoup Chung, Hyoung-Woo Bai
{"title":"Molecular modification of chlorogenic acid via radiolysis with inhibitory effects on NO production.","authors":"Gyeong Han Jeong, Hanui Lee, Kyung-Bon Lee, Byung Yeoup Chung, Hyoung-Woo Bai","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbae123","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bbb/zbae123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The molecular modification of chlorogenic acid (1) through γ-irradiation resulted in the formation of five new products: chlorogenosins A (2), B (3), C (4), D (5), and E (6) along with known compounds rosmarinosin B (7), protocatechuic acid (8), and protocatechuic aldehyde (9). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods, including one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The potential anti-inflammatory activities of all the isolated compounds were determined by evaluating their inhibitory effects on the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Notably, compounds 2 and 3, which contained two hydroxymethyl functionalities instead of the trans-olefinic moiety present in the original chlorogenic acid, exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on NO production than that of the original compound. These findings suggest that the predominant chemical changes induced in chlorogenic acid by γ-irradiation may enhance its anti-inflammatory properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1261-1269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ken-Ichi Yoshida, Kyosuke Yokoyama, Ayşegül Öktem, Shu Ishikawa, Jan Maarten van Dijl, Masato Yotsuya, Ryosuke Sato
{"title":"Bacillus subtilis grown in a \"breathing\" vessel without sparger aeration.","authors":"Ken-Ichi Yoshida, Kyosuke Yokoyama, Ayşegül Öktem, Shu Ishikawa, Jan Maarten van Dijl, Masato Yotsuya, Ryosuke Sato","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbae120","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bbb/zbae120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we present a \"breathing\" vessel consisting of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, which allows gas exchange but no liquid permeation. The bacterial culture inside needs only agitation to promote air supply. Using this setup, a Bacillus subtilis cell factory for scyllo-inositol production grew to produce scyllo-inositol efficiently. The results indicate that our approach represents a sustainable \"greener\" approach for the cell factory.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1389-1393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soymilk yogurt fermented using Pediococcus pentosaceus TOKAI 759 m improves mice gut microbiota and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production.","authors":"Yuki Nakashima, Kotone Onuki, Tomoyuki Hibi, Rei-Ichi Ohno, Hikari Sugawa, Yuki Tominaga, Shin Yasuda, Hideki Kinoshita","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbae112","DOIUrl":"10.1093/bbb/zbae112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory activities and bioactive compounds of soymilk yogurt prepared using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TOKAI 17 or Pediococcus pentosaceus TOKAI 759 m. Mice were divided into five groups: normal diet (ND), soymilk, soymilk yogurt using L. plantarum TOKAI 17 (SY 17) or P. pentosaceus TOKAI 759 m (SY 759 m), and 0.5 × 109 cells of each starter strain (BC 17 or BC759m). In the SY 759 m group, the serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells were attenuated compared to the ND group. In the cecum microbiota, the abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria increased in the SY 759 m and BC 17 groups. Furthermore, SY 759 m metabolites contained high levels of aglycone isoflavone, adenine and showed a significant decrease in CCL-2 and interleukin-6 production in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage. In conclusion, soymilk yogurt produced using P. pentosaceus TOKAI 759 m modulates the gut microbiota and can potentially prevent pro-inflammatory cytokine production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1349-1361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation and determination of CoQ10(H2) and CoQ10(H4) species from black yeast-like fungi and filamentous fungi.","authors":"Jomkwan Jumpathong, Ikuhisa Nishida, Yasuhiro Matsuo, Tomohiro Kaino, Makoto Kawamukai","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbae149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbae149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coenzyme Q (CoQ) or ubiquinone functions as an electron transporter in the electron transport system in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The isoprenyl side chain of CoQ is modified in some organisms, especially in fungi, for optimal electron transport performance under various conditions. In this study, we investigated the side chain saturated dihydro CoQ (CoQ10(H2)) in Aureobasidium pullulans EXF-150, Sydowia polyspora NBRC 30562, and naturally isolated Plowrightia sp. A37, all of which are melanized Dothideomycetes species within the Ascomycota, and also in filamentous fungi Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus terreus. Plowrightia sp. A37 produced the rarely synthesized tetrahydro type CoQ10(H4), especially in glucose-rich medium, during extended cultivation in contrast to CoQ10(H2) in time-limited cultivation. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identified demethoxyubiquinone-H2 (DMQ(H2)) as an indicative intermediate that suggests that the side chain-saturation of CoQ occurs after the formation of DMQ and not always in the last step as previously considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of sodium concentration in condiments, soft drinks and mineral water by external standard 23Na-qNMR.","authors":"Kenji Ogura","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbae150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbae150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium is essential for human health, but excessive intake can lead to hypertension. Accurate sodium labeling in foods is critical due to increasing health awareness. This study investigated the use of 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) for sodium quantification in condiments, soft drinks and mineral water. In this study, external standard quantitative 23Na-NMR was used to measure sodium concentrations. Key steps included sample preparation, 90° pulse width calibration, and linewidth evaluation. The results showed that 23Na-NMR can accurately quantify sodium concentrations over a wide range, with good agreement with ion electrode methods. The results demonstrated that 23Na-NMR is a reliable method for the quantification of sodium in various liquid foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jewel C De Padua, Takashi Kikuchi, Futa Sakakibara, Angeles M De Leon, Melfei E Bungihan, Kotomi Ueno, Thomas Edison E Dela Cruz, Atsushi Ishihara
{"title":"Novel compound, pleuropyronine, and other polyketides isolated from the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus suppress bacterial biofilm formation.","authors":"Jewel C De Padua, Takashi Kikuchi, Futa Sakakibara, Angeles M De Leon, Melfei E Bungihan, Kotomi Ueno, Thomas Edison E Dela Cruz, Atsushi Ishihara","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbae148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbae148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increase in the number of drug-resistant microbes is a major threat to human health. Bacterial drug resistance is mostly mediated by biofilm formation. In this study, the culture filtrate from the edible mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, was fractionated to isolate compounds that inhibit the biofilm formation of six pathogenic bacteria. Notably, we isolated compounds 16 using bioassay-guided chromatographic separations. Spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses identified 1 as a novel fused bicyclic pyrone-furan, named pleuropyronine, whereas 2-6 were known polyketides. Pleuropyronine inhibited biofilm formation in four gram-negative bacteria, with IC50 values ranging from 5.4 to 8.7 µg/mL, whereas 2-6 exhibited IC50 values between 1.0 and 5.3 µg/mL against five bacteria. Additionally, pleuropyronine bioactivity was confirmed by the inhibition of exopolysaccharide and biofilm formation induced by C6-homoserine lactone. Thus, this may serve as a pioneering study on the pharmacological potential of isolated compounds, offering valuable insights for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuka Sasaki, Yuna Mogi, Mizuki Yoshioka, Ke Liu, Yuichi Otsuka
{"title":"A type II toxin-antitoxin system, ECs3274-ECs3275, in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157.","authors":"Yuka Sasaki, Yuna Mogi, Mizuki Yoshioka, Ke Liu, Yuichi Otsuka","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbae146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbae146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The toxin-antitoxin (TA) genetic module controls various bacterial events. Novel toxins with different functions are still being discovered. This study aimed to determine whether the ECs3274-ECs3275 gene pair encoded by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 functions as a TA system. To characterize this putative TA system, we analyzed the growth of E. coli expressing ECs3274, ECs3275, or both; the interaction between ECs3274 and ECs3275 using bacterial adenylate cyclase two-hybrid assays; and the DNA-binding ability of ECs3274 using gel-mobility shift assays. We observed that the ECs3274 antitoxin interacted with the ECs3275 toxin, was destabilized by Lon protease, and repressed its promoter activity via its helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif. These properties are consistent with those of typical type II TA antitoxins. Interestingly, ECs3275 has an HTH motif not observed in other TA toxins and is necessary for ECs3275 toxicity, suggesting that ECs3275 may exert its toxicity by regulating the expression of specific genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of Linalool Disaccharide Glycoside (Linalyl β-Vicianoside) in Soybean Leaves and Its Implication for Herbivore Resistance.","authors":"Juliano Mwenda Ntoruru, Tsukiho Osawa, Toshiyuki Ohnishi, Kenji Matsui","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbae144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbae144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Linalool is anticipated to have significant ecological roles. In this study, linalyl 6-O-α-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (linalyl β-vicianoside: LinVic) was synthesized, and a linalool diglycoside purified from soybean leaves was identified as LinVic by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. High levels of LinVic were detected in leaves and sepals during soybean plant growth. The LinVic content did not significantly increase following methyl jasmonate treatment of the leaves, indicating that its synthesis is independent of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. In addition to LinVic, soybean also contains 1-octen-3-yl primeveroside. We treated soybean leaves with vaporized linalool and 1-octen-3-ol to determine whether the glycosylation system discriminates between these two volatile alcohols. Linalool treatment resulted in the accumulation of LinVic, while 1-octen-3-ol treatment caused little change in the amount of 1-octen-3-yl primeveroside, suggesting discrimination between these compounds. Linalool-treated soybean leaves exhibited increased resistance against common cutworms, indicating that LinVic may contribute to herbivore resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}