{"title":"An eight-ketohexose stereoisomer screen identifies d-allulose as a stereoselective suppressor of AGE-related autofluorescence in Caenorhabditis elegans.","authors":"Masashi Sato, Keiko Hirata, Hiromu Takagishi, Kanon Hosokawa, Yuka Fukushima, Tomoya Shintani","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbag156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbag156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate with age and contribute to age-related disease. Using an autofluorescence assay in Caenorhabditis elegans, we screened all eight ketohexose stereoisomers. The response was highly stereoselective: only d-allulose significantly suppressed autofluorescence (∼22% at 10 mM and ∼20% at 25 mM; corrected p < 0.01), while its enantiomer l-allulose, assayed alongside it, had no detectable effect. The suppression was undetectable at 5 mM and did not deepen between 10 and 25 mM, and suppression was also detected at 25 mM with killed bacteria. Despite this in vivo suppression, d-allulose generated substantial glycation-associated fluorescence in a cell-free bovine serum albumin system at 60 °C, indicating that it is not chemically inert. These results establish a stereochemical activity map of ketohexoses toward AGE-related autofluorescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Onion's ability to reduce feeding and weight in fat-fed obese mice: its induction by cut and incubation at room temperature.","authors":"Yermek Rakhat, Soo Takasu, Kohei Morikawa, Dauren Zhantleu, Lei Wang, Masanori Asada, Hiroshi Doi, Takahiro Sato, Seiya Banno, Shin Tsunekawa, Yusuke Seino, Atsushi Suzuki, Daisuke Yabe, Yutaka Seino, Yusaku Iwasaki, Toshihiko Yada","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbag155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbag155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health benefits with onion have been widely documented. However, its effect on obesity remains elusive. Here, we show an ability of onion to reduce food intake and weight in fat-fed obese mice: it appears upon cut and 35 °C-incubation but is masked under no cut and immediate 100 °C-exposure. We propose \"cut and incubation\" as critical processing/cooking to elicit onion's anti-obesity ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structures and functions of enzymes involved in primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis mediated by amino-group carrier protein.","authors":"Makoto Nishiyama","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbag154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbag154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermus thermophilus, an extremely thermophilic bacterium, synthesizes lysine through a novel type of 2-aminoadipate (AAA) pathway. The pathway starts from the synthesis of homocitrate using 2-oxoglutarate and acetyl-CoA. Homocitrate is converted to 2-oxoadipate by sequential reactions similar to the corresponding reactions in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. AAA formed by the transamination of 2-oxoadipate is loaded on amino-group carrier protein (AmCP) via isopeptide bond linkage. AAA is successively converted to lysine on AmCP by several reactions, and lysine is finally released from the carrier protein. A similar AmCP-mediated system is found in lysine and ornithine/arginine biosyntheses of archaea. Furthermore, the AmCP-mediated system is diversified in secondary metabolite biosynthesis with some modifications in various bacteria, including Streptomyces. This review shares the AmCP-mediated biosynthesis system and its contribution to expanding the structural diversity of natural compounds, along with the evolutionary aspects of lysine and arginine biosyntheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toru Kishimoto, Yuka Koizumi, Kei Bando, Yuta Negishi, Taishi Hirase
{"title":"Raspberry Ketone as a Contributor to the Sweet, Fruity Flavor of Heated Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Leaves and Insights into Its Occurrence Form.","authors":"Toru Kishimoto, Yuka Koizumi, Kei Bando, Yuta Negishi, Taishi Hirase","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbag153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbag153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Raspberry ketone was identified as a contributor to the sweet, fruity flavor of heated Taoerxing Pushan Yezi (TPY) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves through comparisons with an authentic standard, exploratory gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), and descriptive sensory evaluation of spiked samples. Adding 2.0 mg/kg to a Japanese cultivar lacking berry-like aroma elicited qualitative comments on body (flavor richness and fullness), mellowness, softness, and reduced irritation. TDU-GC-MS/MS, which heats leaf samples in the inlet unit, detected 2-9 ppm in TPY leaves. Most importantly, amylase and protease treatments increased free raspberry ketone. LC-MS/MS, without sample heating during measurement, quantified 0.6 mg/kg in the control, versus 2.8, 5.4, and 9.0 mg/kg after amylase, protease, and β-glucosidase treatments, respectively. These results suggest that free raspberry ketone may be retained within a matrix containing starch, proteins, and polyphenolic glycosides, or that raspberry ketone occurs as glycosides, and that it is released upon heating during smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Daidzein treatment exerts antioxidant effect via SIRT3-FOXO3a axis activation.","authors":"Takakazu Mitani, Miu Iwasaki","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbag152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbag152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated progression of steatotic liver disease is closely associated with lipotoxicity-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. This study investigated whether daidzein, a major soy isoflavone, protects hepatocytes against free fatty acid-induced oxidative damage via endogenous antioxidant signaling. In HepG2 cells, daidzein treatment suppressed free fatty acid-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial DNA fragmentation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Daidzein induced the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including MnSOD and catalase, at the transcriptional level and enhanced FOXO3a transcriptional activity. FOXO3a knockdown attenuated daidzein-induced antioxidant enzyme expression and ROS reduction. Daidzein promoted FOXO3a nuclear localization and deacetylation. Furthermore, daidzein increased SIRT3 expression levels, and SIRT3 knockdown suppressed daidzein-mediated FOXO3a activation and antioxidant effects. These findings demonstrate that daidzein attenuates lipotoxic oxidative damage by activating the SIRT3-FOXO3a axis in hepatocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae PA YEAST SC-1 induces IL‑12p70 production in primary human dendritic cells.","authors":"Papawee Saiki, Saori Yamamoto, Tomoki Abe, Node Junichi, Kikuchi Yosuke, Katsutaka Oishi","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbag151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbag151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A food-grade Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract (PA YEAST SC-1) was evaluated in human dendritic cells. SC‑1 increased interleukin (IL)‑12p40 and IL‑6 expression and induced IL‑12p40, IL‑6, and IL‑12p70 secretion. In contrast, LPS did not induce IL‑12p70, and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) induced IL‑12p35 (IL12A) mRNA expression without detectable IL‑12p70. These results indicate a distinct cytokine response pattern associated with IL‑12p70 production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazumi Ninomiya, Kanta Katagiri, Mai Yamamura, Mami Kitasako, Mario Shibata, Noriaki Aoki, Kazutaka Yamamoto, Hitoshi Kumagai, Yusuke Inoue
{"title":"Physical properties of retrogradation of rice gels produced by high shear during refrigerated storage.","authors":"Kazumi Ninomiya, Kanta Katagiri, Mai Yamamura, Mami Kitasako, Mario Shibata, Noriaki Aoki, Kazutaka Yamamoto, Hitoshi Kumagai, Yusuke Inoue","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbag148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbag148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice gel (RG) is produced by applying high shear to cooked high-amylose rice, whereas rice flour gel (RFG) is prepared by gelatinizing a mixture of rice flour and water. Both gels harden during refrigerated storage because of starch retrogradation; however, the retrogradation behavior of RG remains poorly understood. This study compared the retrogradation behavior of RG and RFG using wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic viscoelasticity measurements, and compression testing. Both RG and RFG exhibited increased crystallinity and hardness with storage. Dynamic viscoelasticity measurements revealed that RG reached rheological characteristics comparable to those of a true gel after 7 d of storage, whereas RFG required 14-21 d. The results suggest that the onset of detectable starch recrystallization contributes to true gel network formation. These findings provide new insights into the retrogradation behavior of RG and may aid in developing strategies to suppress quality deterioration during refrigerated storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Karasawa, Tatsuya Sudo, Shohei Yamashita, Yoshikazu Kitano, Yohei Okada
{"title":"Magnetic decantation-enabled pot- and time-economical liquid-phase peptide synthesis.","authors":"Jun Karasawa, Tatsuya Sudo, Shohei Yamashita, Yoshikazu Kitano, Yohei Okada","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbag149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbag149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soluble support (tag)-assisted liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS) is a greener alternative to solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) because it reduces the consumption of reagents and solvents throughout the synthetic process. In conventional LPPS, tagged peptides are selectively precipitated and isolated by filtration; however, filtration can be time-consuming depending on the physical properties of the precipitate. Herein, we report a magnetic decantation-enabled, filtration-free LPPS protocol using chemically stable and reversibly dispersible hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic decantation performed after each coupling/deprotection sequence enables pot- and time-economical peptide synthesis without filtration. The feasibility of the protocol was demonstrated through the synthesis of leucine-enkephalin as a model peptide, affording the target peptide in excellent yield and high purity without chromatographic purification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phylogeny-guided identification of a 1-kestose-degrading GH32 from fish-derived Clostridium butyricum LZK-08, with exploratory survival observations during natural infectious hematopoietic necrosis exposure in rainbow trout.","authors":"Tadashi Fujii, Kosuke Tomiyama, Shinji Takada, Hiroki Ando, Hideaki Takahashi, Akira Gujo, Takayuki Asahina, Yoshiki Hirooka, Takumi Tochio","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbag147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbag147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary 1-kestose in rainbow trout was associated with higher Clostridiaceae abundance and descriptively higher survival during natural infectious hematopoietic necrosis exposure. To explore a possible microbial basis, we examined GH32 enzymes from fish-derived probiotic Clostridium butyricum LZK-08. Phylogeny-guided testing of E. coli-expressed GH32s identified plasmid-encoded LZK-GH32-2 (XTP15357.1) as a 1-kestose-degrading enzyme, suggesting strain-specific GH32 repertoires may underlie selective prebiotic responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on transglutaminases regulating cell fates and tissue formation.","authors":"Kiyotaka Hitomi","doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbag150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbag150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transglutaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the cross-linking reaction of proteins via glutamine- and lysine residues. In mammals, eight isozymes are distributed in various tissues and play distinct roles by modifying their preferred substrate proteins. In these reactions, each isozyme specifically recognizes glutamine-residues. To clarify the primary sequences preferentially recognized by each enzyme, a phage-displayed peptide library was used to screen for preferred substrate sequences, resulting in the successful identification of 12-mer peptide sequences as the minimum substrate for each isozyme. Using these peptides, several applications were developed, including the detection of in situ and in vitro activities as well as the identification of substrates. For biological studies using these peptides, the induction of enzymatic activity during keratinocyte differentiation was investigated in a three-dimensional reconstructed culture system of epidermis. Additionally, to further clarify their physiological functions, model fish in which TGase genes were genetically deleted were established and characterized.</p>","PeriodicalId":9175,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}