Brain Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Autobiographical Memory: A Scoping Meta-Review of Neuroimaging Data Enlightens the Inconsistencies Between Theory and Experimentation.","authors":"Edoardo Donarelli, Cristina Civilotti, Giulia Di Fini, Gabriella Gandino, Alessia Celeghin","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050515","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15050515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Autobiographical memory (AM) is typically viewed in terms of comprising episodic (EAM) and semantic (SAM) components. Despite the emergence of numerous meta-analyses, the literature on these constructs remains fragmented. We aimed to summarize neural activations and to discuss the relations between constructs based on theory and experimentation, while evaluating the consistency between literature sources and discussing the critical issues and challenges of current research. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a scoping meta-review on AM, EAM, and SAM based on meta-analytic studies in five scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsychInfo, and PsychArticles). No temporal or language limits were applied. <b>Results:</b> We included twelve meta-analyses on AM, EAM and SAM in healthy populations. The meta-analyses of AM and EAM actually investigated the same construct, leading to misinterpretation. The two available meta-analyses on SAM used two different operationalizations of the construct. Neural data about EAM were analyzed via mean rank classification, finding the most relevant areas in the posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, precuneus, temporo-parietal junction, angular gyrus, and medial prefrontal cortex. SAM was linked to the posterior and anterior cingulate cortexes, middle and inferior frontal gyri, thalamus, middle and superior temporal gyri, inferior frontal and fusiform gyri, and parahippocampal cortex. <b>Conclusions:</b> Variability in reported activation patterns persists, reflecting differences in methodology and assumptions. We propose the homogenization the notations of EAM and AM based on experimental practice. In this notation, AM does not have a separate experimental task nor activation pattern and may not indicate a separate construct but an array of its components.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impathy and Emotion Recognition: How Attachment Shapes Self- and Other-Focused Emotion Processing.","authors":"Dirk W Eilert, Karin de Punder, Jeff Maerz, Johanna Dose, Manuela Gander, Philipp Mensah, Stefanie Neubrand, Josef Hinterhölzl, Anna Buchheim","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050516","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15050516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Early attachment experiences and psychopathology both shape individuals' emotion processing. However, the specific influence of adult attachment representations on self- (intrapersonal) and other-focused (interpersonal) emotion processing remains unclear, particularly in the context of personality disorders. This study examined how attachment representations (organized vs. unresolved) modulate intrapersonal emotion perception (\"impathy\") and interpersonal emotion recognition while accounting for personality pathology. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty-three adults (twenty-four patients with a personality disorder and nine healthy controls) were assessed for attachment representation using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). Emotion processing was measured via the Impathy Inventory and a facial emotion recognition task (READ-64). Group differences (organized vs. unresolved attachment; patients vs. controls) and correlations with the severity of unresolved attachment status were analyzed. <b>Results:</b> Patients with organized attachment representations did not differ from healthy controls in emotion recognition but showed significantly reduced impathy (<i>M</i> difference = -21.72, <i>SE</i> = 6.20, <i>p</i> = 0.002, 95% CI [-34.42, -9.01], <i>d</i> = -1.57). In contrast, patients with unresolved attachment exhibited impairments in both intrapersonal (<i>M</i> difference = -32.99, <i>SE</i> = 6.20, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI [-45.69, -20.29], <i>d</i> = -2.39) and interpersonal (<i>M</i> difference = -12.37, <i>SE</i> = 4.36, <i>p</i> = 0.008, 95% CI [-21.28, -3.46], <i>d</i> = -1.23) emotion processing compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the severity of unresolved attachment status correlated with greater impairment in recognizing anger (<i>r</i> = -0.74, <i>p</i> = 0.004). <b>Conclusions:</b> An organized attachment representation may act as a protective factor, preserving interpersonal emotion recognition even in the presence of psychopathology. Conversely, an unresolved attachment constitutes an additional risk factor that exacerbates emotion processing impairments in the context of personality pathology. Attachment representation thus emerges as an active modulator of core emotion processes, with important implications for theory and targeted interventions in personality disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Excitability of the Unstimulated Contralateral Primary Motor Cortex.","authors":"Erik W Wilkins, Richard J Young, Ryder Davidson, Reese Krider, George Alhwayek, Jonathan A Park, Armaan C Parikh, Zachary A Riley, Brach Poston","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050512","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15050512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can enhance primary motor cortex (M1) excitability and improve motor skill when delivered unilaterally to the dominant hemisphere. However, the impact of tACS on contralateral M1 excitability both during and after application has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tACS delivered to the dominant left M1 on the excitability of the unstimulated contralateral non-dominant right M1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study implemented a double-blind, randomized, SHAM-controlled, within-subjects, crossover experimental design. Eighteen young adults completed a tACS condition and a SHAM condition on two different days in counterbalanced order with a week washout period between days. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was utilized to assess excitability of the contralateral right M1 while tACS was delivered to the left M1. TMS was administered in five test blocks (termed Pre, D5, D10, D15, and Post) relative to a 20 min application of tACS (70 Hz, 1 mA current strength). The Pre and Post TMS test blocks were conducted before and immediately after tACS was applied to the left M1, whereas the TMS test blocks performed during tACS were completed at time points starting at the 5, 10, and 15 min marks of the 20 min stimulation period. The primary dependent variable was the 1 mV motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude. MEP data were analyzed with a 2 <i>condition</i> (tACS, SHAM) × 5 <i>test</i> (Pre, D5, D10, D15, Post) within-subjects ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main effect for <i>condition</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.704) and <i>condition</i> × <i>test</i> interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.349) were both non-statistically significant. There was a significant main effect for <i>test</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.003); however, post hoc analysis indicated that none of the pairwise comparisons were statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the findings indicate that tACS applied to the left M1 does not significantly modulate contralateral right M1 excitability during or immediately after stimulation, at least when utilizing the present tACS parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Subcutaneous Preservation of Bone Flaps with Cryogenic Preservation of Bone Flaps for Cranioplasty in Cases of Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Rachith Sridhar, Anil Kumar, Harendra Kumar, Abdul Vakil Khan, Abdul Hakeem, Deepak Kumar, Anurag Kumar, Majid Anwer","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050514","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15050514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical procedure, useful for relieving the intracranial pressure following trauma. Following reduction in cerebral oedema, the bone is placed back to cover the defect. During the interim period, the bone flap may be preserved using cryopreservation or in subcutaneous tissue. This leads to a need to determine the benefits and risks involved in preservation of bone flap in a subcutaneous pocket or conventional freezer following decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An open randomized controlled trial was conducted at a level one trauma centre from July 2023 to December 2024. Simple randomization was performed in order to allocate patients into the subcutaneous preservation group and the cryogenic preservation group. Patients underwent cranioplasty after 3 months and were followed up post-operatively for complications and Glasgow Outcome Scale assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study initially recruited a total of 158 patients, out of which 104 patients remained eligible for the final analysis. The patients with cryopreserved flaps were found to have a higher rate of surgical site infection (31.3%) as compared to those with subcutaneously preserved flaps (5.6%), with the differences being statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Among the 87 patients who had a poorer Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score before the intervention, 55 (63.2%) patients had at least some improvement in GOS over a period of one month.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of subcutaneous preservation of bone is more beneficial in resource-limited settings as compared to conventional freezer storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of Psychotropic Medication Use Following Outpatient Behavioral Assessment and Treatment.","authors":"Maria G Valdovinos, Melissa Trites, Janelle Ausenhus","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050513","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15050513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Psychotropic medications are often prescribed to treat challenging behavior in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This study examined patterns of psychotropic medication use following outpatient behavioral assessment and treatment in children ages 2-16 years. <b>Methods:</b> Medication use at the time of behavioral assessments, six months after the assessment, and a later follow-up time point (mean 25 months following the six-month time point, range 1 month to 41 months) were evaluated via a chart review. Alterations in psychotropic medication use were grouped into eight categories according to the type of medication change experienced. Care providers also completed a social validity survey rating their satisfaction with the assessment and interventions developed for their child. <b>Results:</b> This retrospective study revealed that children in this sample were more likely to experience starting a new medication and increases in the dose of psychotropic medication as time passed. Children were also less likely to remain on the same regimen of psychotropic medication as when they were first seen in the clinic. Additionally, although caregivers generally rated their experiences and outcomes with the behavioral clinic as favorable, additions and increases to psychotropic medication regimens still occurred. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings are consistent with other reports of continued and increased prescribing of psychotropic medication across time in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, however, the results must be interpreted with caution given the small sample size which limits generalizability of these findings. Additionally, the lack of follow-up with the patients in this sample made it difficult to correlate changes in challenging behavior with psychotropic medication prescribing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Versus Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt on Neuropsychological and Motor Performance in Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus-ENVENTOR-iNPH: Study Protocol.","authors":"Gianluca Scalia, Nicola Alberio, Pietro Trombatore, Mariangela Panebianco, Grazia Razza, Gianluca Galvano, Giovanni Federico Nicoletti, Francesca Graziano","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050508","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15050508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by cognitive decline, gait disturbances, and urinary incontinence. Surgical interventions such as ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) are the primary treatment options. While VPS is the standard of care, ETV offers a minimally invasive alternative with potentially fewer complications. However, comparative evidence regarding their impact on cognitive, motor, and structural outcomes remains limited. This study, titled ENVENTOR-iNPH (endoscopic ventriculostomy versus shunt on neuropsychological and motor performance in patients with iNPH), aims to address this gap through a rigorously designed comparative protocol. <b>Methods:</b> This protocol is designed as a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (ENVENTOR-iNPH) to compare the effects of ETV and VPS in patients diagnosed with iNPH. The study will enroll 100 patients aged 60 years or older, randomly assigned to undergo ETV (n = 50) or VPS (n = 50). Preoperative and postoperative evaluations will include comprehensive cognitive and motor assessments, standardized quality-of-life instruments, and advanced neuroimaging techniques such as MRI with flowmetry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Functional outcomes will also be evaluated using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) and wearable motion analysis systems. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of ETV versus VPS in restoring cognitive and motor performance in patients with iNPH. <b>Results:</b> Primary outcomes include cognitive and motor function improvements. Secondary endpoints are surgical complications, hospital stay duration, and changes in quality of life. Neuroimaging will assess changes in white matter integrity and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, while nTMS will provide insights into neuroplasticity and motor pathway recovery. ETV is hypothesized to demonstrate clinical outcomes comparable or superior to VPS, particularly in terms of complication reduction and hospital recovery metrics. <b>Conclusions:</b> The ENVENTOR-iNPH protocol establishes the framework for a comprehensive, multicenter study comparing ETV and VPS in iNPH patients. The findings from this initial study will inform the design of larger-scale multicenter trials, guide clinical decision making, and potentially position ETV as a preferred treatment option for eligible patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superficial Neuromodulation in Dysautonomia in Women with Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Alberto Melián-Ortíz, Eduardo Zurdo-Sayalero, Sara Perpiñá-Martínez, Antonio Delgado-Lacosta, Carmen Jiménez-Antona, Josué Fernández-Carnero, Sofía Laguarta-Val","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050510","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15050510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-COVID-19 condition involves persistent symptoms after acute infection, often linked to dysautonomia, which affects heart rate variability, pain perception, fatigue, and sleep. Superficial neuromodulation has been proposed as a treatment. <b>Objective:</b> To assess the effects of superficial neuromodulation on symptoms, sleep quality, and autonomic function in post-COVID-19 condition patients. <b>Methods:</b> A pilot study was conducted based on a triple-blind randomized controlled trial methodology involving 16 female participants. The experimental group received neuromodulation, while the control group used a placebo device. The intervention spanned 15 sessions over two months. Primary outcomes included heart rate variability, pain threshold, cortisol levels, fatigue, sleep quality, and quality of life, analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. <b>Results:</b> Both groups improved over time. Heart rate variability (SDNN) increased in the experimental group (30.42 to 39.11 ms) but decreased in controls (31.88 to 28.73 ms) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Pain threshold at C5-C6 improved in the experimental group (2.1 to 3.5 kg/cm²) but remained stable in controls (<i>p</i> = 0.032). Fatigue decreased significantly in both groups (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Sleep quality improved, with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores decreasing similarly in both groups. Cortisol levels increased, with a non-significant trend favoring controls. <b>Conclusions</b>: While improvements were seen, both groups benefited, suggesting a possible placebo effect. Superficial neuromodulation appears safe, but further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion, Motivation, Reasoning, and How Their Brain Systems Are Related.","authors":"Edmund T Rolls","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050507","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15050507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A unified theory of emotion and motivation is updated in which motivational states are states in which instrumental goal-directed actions are performed to obtain anticipated rewards or avoid punishers, and emotional states are states that are elicited when the (conditioned or unconditioned) instrumental reward or punisher is or is not received. This advances our understanding of emotion and motivation, for the same set of genes and associated brain systems can define the primary or unlearned rewards and punishers such as a sweet taste or pain, and the brain systems that learn to expect rewards or punishers and that therefore produce motivational and emotional states. It is argued that instrumental actions under the control of the goal are important for emotion, because they require an intervening emotional state in which an action is learned or performed to obtain the goal, that is, the reward, or to avoid the punisher. The primate including human orbitofrontal cortex computes the reward value, and the anterior cingulate cortex is involved in learning the action to obtain the goal. In contrast, when the instrumental response is overlearned and becomes a habit with stimulus-response associations, emotional states may be less involved. In another route to output, the human orbitofrontal cortex has effective connectivity to the inferior frontal gyrus regions involved in language and provides a route for declarative reports about subjective emotional states to be produced. Reasoning brain systems provide alternative strategies to obtain rewards or avoid punishers and can provide different goals for action compared to emotional systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interrater Reliability of the Occupational Therapy Anticipatory Awareness Test: A Performance-Based Cognitive Assessment.","authors":"Danielle Mahoney, Stephanie Alvarado, Rochelle Mendonca","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050511","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15050511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Functional cognitive impairments caused by acquired brain injury (ABI) negatively impact an individual's daily functioning. Impaired self-awareness can pose obstacles to task execution and participation. Traditional assessment methods for self-awareness lack a functional approach, highlighting the need for performance-based assessments such as the Occupational Therapy Anticipatory Awareness Test (OTAAT). The purpose of this study was to establish the interrater reliability of the OTAAT in adults with ABI. <b>Methods:</b> This was a two-phase study. Phase One involved the recruitment of three participants with ABI, who then underwent OTAAT administration within a setting of their choosing. OTAAT performances were recorded. In Phase Two, ten occupational therapists assessed the Phase One participants' performances using the OTAAT. Phase Two's raters' outcomes were obtained by research personnel. These data were then collected and analyzed by research staff to measure interrater reliability using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) via IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. A two-way random effect, absolute agreement, multiple-rater/measurement ICC was adopted for this study. <b>Results:</b> Data analysis demonstrated strong interrater reliability for the OTAAT, demonstrating its consistency to measure self-awareness in individuals with ABI across different raters. Specifically, the ICC values indicated strong agreement among raters in their assessment of participants' self-awareness performance using the OTAAT. <b>Conclusions:</b> The OTAAT has strong interrater reliability and holds promise as a valuable addition to neurorehabilitation practice. This study demonstrates the reliability of the OTAAT as a tool for assessing self-awareness in the ABI population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG-Based Seizure Detection Using Dual-Branch CNN-ViT Network Integrating Phase and Power Spectrograms.","authors":"Zhuohan Wang, Yaoqi Hu, Qingyue Xin, Guanghao Jin, Yazhou Zhao, Weidong Zhou, Guoyang Liu","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050509","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15050509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder with pathological mechanisms closely associated with the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Although significant progress has been made in epileptic seizure detection methods using time-frequency analysis, current research still faces challenges in terms of an insufficient utilization of phase information. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, we propose an effective epileptic seizure detection framework based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and a hybrid network consisting of convolutional neural network (CNN) and vision transformer (ViT). First, the raw EEG signals are processed by the CWT. Then, the phase spectrogram and power spectrogram of the EEG are generated, and they are sent into the designed CNN and ViT branches of the network to extract more discriminative EEG features. Finally, the features output from the two branches are fused and fed into the classification network to obtain the detection results. <b>Results:</b> Experimental results on the CHB-MIT public dataset and our SH-SDU clinical dataset show that the proposed framework achieves sensitivities of 98.09% and 89.02%, specificities of 98.21% and 95.46%, and average accuracies of 98.45% and 94.66%, respectively. Furthermore, we compared the spectral characteristics of CWT with other time-frequency transforms within the hybrid architecture, demonstrating the advantages of the CWT-based CNN-ViT architecture. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results highlight the outstanding epileptic seizure detection performance of the proposed framework and its significant clinical feasibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}