Brain Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Digital Biomarkers and AI for Remote Monitoring of Fatigue Progression in Neurological Disorders: Bridging Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.","authors":"Thorsten Rudroff","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital biomarkers for fatigue monitoring in neurological disorders represent an innovative approach to bridge the gap between mechanistic understanding and clinical application. This perspective paper examines how smartphone-derived measures, analyzed through artificial intelligence methods, can transform fatigue assessment from subjective, episodic reporting to continuous, objective monitoring. The proposed framework for smartphone-based digital phenotyping captures passive data (movement patterns, device interactions, and sleep metrics) and active assessments (ecological momentary assessments, cognitive tests, and voice analysis). These digital biomarkers can be validated through a multimodal approach connecting them to neuroimaging markers, clinical assessments, performance measures, and patient-reported experiences. Building on the previous research on frontal-striatal metabolism in multiple sclerosis and Long-COVID-19 patients, digital biomarkers could enable early warning systems for fatigue episodes, objective treatment response monitoring, and personalized fatigue management strategies. Implementation considerations include privacy protection, equity concerns, and regulatory pathways. By integrating smartphone-derived digital biomarkers with AI analysis approaches, the future envisions fatigue in neurological disorders no longer as an invisible, subjective experience but rather as a quantifiable, treatable phenomenon with established neural correlates and effective interventions. This transformative approach has significant potential to enhance both clinical care and the research for millions affected by disabling fatigue symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Use of COMT Inhibitors in the Management of Patients with Parkinson's Disease in Spain Who Present Early Motor Fluctuations: Interim Results from the REONPARK Study.","authors":"Lydia López-Manzanares, Juan García Caldentey, Marina Mata Álvarez-Santullano, Dolores Vilas Rolán, Jaime Herreros-Rodríguez, Berta Solano Vila, María Cerdán Sánchez, Tania Delgado Ballestero, Rocío García-Ramos, Ana Rodríguez-Sanz, Jesús Olivares Romero, José Blanco Ameijeiras, Isabel Pijuan Jiménez, Iciar Tegel Ayuela","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to analyze the real-world use of COMT inhibitors associated with levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who present early fluctuations and to explore whether early COMT inhibition optimizes treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>REONPARK is an ongoing 2-year prospective observational study. We included patients diagnosed with PD who presented signs of end-of-dose motor fluctuations for <2 years and started COMT inhibitors according to clinical practice. Outcomes included the clinician and patient global impression of change (CGI-C, PGI-C), the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), 19-Symptom Wearing-off Questionnaire (WOQ-19), and safety. We present a pre-planned interim analysis (cut-off date 3 July 2023) of patients who completed the first 3 months of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy patients were analyzed (mean levodopa dose at inclusion 484.8 mg; duration of motor fluctuations 0.6 years). In all cases, COMT inhibition was initiated with opicapone, and 81% maintained a stable levodopa dose at 3 months. After 3 months of treatment with opicapone, 73.5% and 62.8% of patients improved on CGI-C and PGI-C, respectively. MDS-UPDRS scores improved significantly with a mean change from baseline of -3.3 ± 7.7 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) for Part III and -1.3 ± 1.7 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) for Part IV. The mean OFF time decreased from 3.7 ± 2.6 h at baseline to 2.2 ± 2.3 h, and 20.6% of patients no longer experienced OFF periods. Patients experiencing no impact of fluctuations increased from 10% to 45.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In PD patients with early fluctuations, three months of opicapone reduced the OFF time and improved functional outcomes, suggesting potential benefits in the early stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Stress Modulates Microglial Activation Dynamics, Shaping Priming Responses to Subsequent Stress.","authors":"Junyu Chen, Jiacheng Huang, Taolei Han, Nobuhiko Kojima","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: The high recurrence rate and individual differences in stress susceptibility contribute to the diverse symptoms of depression, making full recovery and relapse prevention challenging. Emerging evidence suggests that fluctuations in microglial activity are closely linked to depression progression under chronic stress exposure. Changes in the brain microenvironment can elicit microglial priming, enhancing their sensitivity to external stimuli. However, few studies have longitudinally examined how microglial characteristics evolve throughout depression progression. (2) Methods: In this study, we investigated microglial morphological changes and their responses to acute stress at different stages of depression using the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) paradigm in mice. (3) Results: Our findings reveal that in the dentate gyrus, microglial activation indices, including cell number and morphology, exhibit distinct dynamic patterns depending on CUMS exposure duration. Notably, after 2 and 4 weeks of CUMS exposure followed by acute stress re-exposure, microglia display opposing response patterns. In contrast, after 6 weeks of CUMS exposure, primed microglia exhibit dysfunction, failing to respond to acute stress. Notably, depressive behaviors are not prominent after 2 weeks of CUMS exposure but become more pronounced after 4 and 6 weeks of exposure. Additionally, regardless of CUMS duration, body weight demonstrates an intrinsic capacity to normalize after stress cessation. (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that microglial priming responses are state-dependent, either enhancing or suppressing secondary stimulus responses, or exceeding physiological limits, thereby preventing further activation. This study provides novel insights into the role of microglial priming in stress vulnerability and its contribution to depression progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychophysiological Effects of a Single Dose vs. Partial Dose of Caffeine Gum Supplementation on the Cognitive Performance of Healthy University Students: A Placebo Controlled Study.","authors":"Nicolas Saavedra Velasquez, Giovanni Francino Barrera, Victor Cuadrado Peñafiel, Ricardo de la Vega Marcos","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Caffeine has become the psychostimulant with the highest use worldwide by different segments of the population. This is mainly due to the wide variety of benefits it offers in different contexts of use. It is available in various forms, with caffeine chewing gum recently generating great interest due to its characteristics and absorption time. <b>Methods:</b> A placebo-controlled study was conducted in which 20 healthy university students were exposed to three different conditions (single dose, partial dose, and placebo). The intervention consisted of a dual task in which heart rate, perceived exertion, and reaction time were monitored using the Stroop test and choice reaction time test while participants performed two blocks of cycloergometer exercise. <b>Results:</b> A <i>t</i>-test comparison between blocks showed differences in the Stroop test under all conditions, with the single dose having the best performance (Gr.A <i>p</i> < 0.001; Gr.B <i>p</i> < 0.029; Gr.C <i>p</i> < 0.009). The single dose group also showed favorable results for the HR/RPE ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.044) and an increase in the rate of perceived exertion (<i>p</i> < 0.006). No changes in reaction time were observed under any condition of the choice reaction time test. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that caffeine supplementation has positive effects on variables related to psychophysiological performance during a dual task. A single dose showed the best results in this study; however, longer intervention designs could be considered in the future to see the effect of partial doses of caffeine over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Matched and Mismatched Visual Flow and Gait Speeds on Human Electrocortical Spectral Power.","authors":"Yu-Po Cheng, Andrew D Nordin","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Visuomotor integration relies on synchronized proprioceptive and visual feedback during visually guided locomotion. How the human brain processes unimodal or asynchronous multimodal inputs during locomotion is unclear. <b>Methods</b>: Using high-density mobile electroencephalography (EEG) and motion capture in a virtual reality environment, we investigated electrocortical responses during altered treadmill gait speeds (0.5 and 1.5 m/s) and visual flow speeds (0.5×, 1×, and 1.5× gait speed) among 13 healthy human subjects. Experimental conditions included passive viewing of a moving virtual environment, walking in a stationary virtual environment, and walking in a moving environment with synchronous and asynchronous visual flow. <b>Results</b>: At faster gait speed, we identified reduced premotor, sensorimotor, and visual electrocortical beta-band spectral power (13-30 Hz) and greater premotor cortex theta power (4-8 Hz). At faster visual flow speeds, we identified reduced sensorimotor electrocortical beta-band spectral power, reduced alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta power, and greater gamma-band power (30-50 Hz) from the visual cortex. During visual flow and gait speed mismatches, sensorimotor and parietal alpha- and beta-band electrocortical spectral power decreased at faster gait speed. During treadmill walking at 1.5 m/s, parietal electrocortical spectral power increased when visual flow exceeded gait speed. <b>Conclusions</b>: Electrical brain dynamics during human gait identified distinct neural circuits for integrating kinesthetic and visual information during visuomotor conflicts, gated by the parietal cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on Balance in Parkinson's Disease as Measured Using Posturography-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Bradley Lonergan, Barry M Seemungal, Matteo Ciocca, Yen F Tai","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postural imbalance with falls affects 80% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at 10 years. Standard PD therapies (e.g., levodopa and/or deep brain stimulation-DBS) are poor at improving postural imbalance. Additionally, the mechanistic complexity of interpreting postural control is a major barrier to improving our understanding of treatment effects. In this paper, we review the effects of DBS on balance as measured using posturography. We also critically appraise the quantitative measures and analyses used in these studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was performed independently by 2 researchers using the PUBMED database. Thirty-eight studies are included in this review, with DBS at the subthalamic nucleus (STN-) (<i>n</i> = 25), globus pallidus internus (GPi-) (<i>n</i> = 6), ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM)/thalamus (<i>n</i> = 2), and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) (<i>n</i> = 5).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>STN- and GPi-DBS reduce static sway in PD and mitigate the increased sway from levodopa. STN-DBS impairs automatic responses to perturbations, whilst GPi-DBS has a more neutral effect. STN-DBS may promote protective strategies following external perturbations but does not improve adaptation. The evidence regarding the effects on gait initiation is less clear. Insufficient evidence exists to make conclusions regarding VIM- and PPN-DBS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>STN- and GPi-DBS have differing effects on posturography, which suggests site-specific and possibly non-dopaminergic mechanisms. Posturography tests should be utilised to answer specific questions regarding the mechanisms of and effects on postural control following DBS. We recommend standardising posturography measures and test conditions by expert consensus and greater long-term data collection, utilising ongoing DBS registries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Yeh et al. Electroacupuncture Reduced Fibromyalgia-Pain-like Behavior through Inactivating Transient Receptor Potential V1 and Interleukin-17 in Intermittent Cold Stress Mice Model. <i>Brain Sci.</i> 2024, <i>14</i>, 869.","authors":"Yu-An Yeh, Hsien-Yin Liao, I-Han Hsiao, Hsin-Cheng Hsu, Yi-Wen Lin","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Study on the Influence of Self-Paced Auditory Cues and Preferred Music on Gait in Persons with Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Maddie Brant, Callan Barrick, Lindsay Muno, Elizabeth Stegemoller","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Gait disturbance in Parkinson's Disease (PD) significantly impacts quality of life and is not completely mitigated by dopaminergic treatment. Auditory cueing has been shown to help improve certain aspects of gait, but its effects when matched to individuals' preferred walking rate remain unexplored. <b>Methods</b>: Nine individuals with PD walked at their preferred rate across a GAITRite^® mat under three separate conditions: self-paced, metronome-cued, and music-cued. Spatiotemporal gait measures were collected and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVAs and post-hoc paired-samples <i>t</i>-tests. <b>Results</b>: A main effect of condition was revealed for step width (F = 3.533, <i>p</i> = 0.054, η_p² = 0.306), with reduced step width revealed during the music-cued condition. Post-hoc analysis revealed no significance (<i>p</i> > 0.063). <b>Conclusions</b>: The trend in step width data suggests a potential benefit of music cueing for enhancing gait stability in persons with PD. Results of this pilot study provide valuable framework for future research and the development of therapeutic interventions to enhance gait stability, reduce fall risk, and improve overall quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Daily Rejection-Related Emotions in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Protocol.","authors":"Chiara De Panfilis, Alessandro Lisco, Kevin B Meehan, Maria Lidia Gerra, Emanuele Preti, Paolo Riva, Leonor Josefina Romero Lauro","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a debilitating mental health condition characterized by emotional dysregulation and interpersonal dysfunction, with perceived social rejection exacerbating these issues. Emerging evidence suggests that a single session of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) may decrease the unique tendency of BPD patients to feel rejected even when socially included during a laboratory task.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This protocol outlines a double-blind, sham-controlled study evaluating the longitudinal effects of repeated anodal tDCS over the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) on rejection-related emotions (RRE) during real-life social interactions in individuals with BPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty BPD patients will be randomized to receive real or sham tDCS across 10 daily sessions, coupled with an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol capturing emotional and behavioral responses to real-life social interactions over four timepoints: baseline, during treatment, ten days post-treatment, and three months post-treatment. Primary outcomes include changes in RRE, with exploratory analyses examining feelings of social connection, aggressive tendencies, trust toward others, and interpersonal and affective dynamics. Multilevel modeling will assess temporal and group-level effects. Expected Results and Impact: This study aims to establish the efficacy of tDCS in reducing BPD patients' negative emotional response in real-life social situations and to determine whether such effects are maintained in time. The findings could advance the clinical application of tDCS as an adjunctive intervention to alleviate social-emotional impairments in BPD, addressing gaps in current treatment approaches and guiding future research into the neural mechanisms of social emotion regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Lumped Parameter Modelling Study of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Suggests the CSF Formation Rate Varies with the Capillary Transmural Pressure.","authors":"Grant A Bateman, Alexander R Bateman","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15050527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is, by definition, of unknown cause. Davson's equation indicates that the increased intracranial pressure (ICP) found in IIH could be due to an increase in the CSF formation rate (CSF_fr), the CSF outflow resistance (R_out) or the venous sinus pressure. Studies simultaneously measuring the ICP and sagittal sinus pressures in IIH suggest that there is either a reduction in the R_out and/or the CSF_fr. The latter suggests that the increased venous pressure can be the only variable causing this disease process. A study maintaining the ICP at zero showed a significantly elevated CSF_fr in this disease. The purpose of the current study is to define the most feasible explanation for these findings and to suggest a viable pathophysiology for IIH. <b>Methods</b>: A lumped parameter vascular model, originally developed to study normal pressure hydrocephalus, was extended to investigate IIH. The model used the simultaneously obtained ICP and sagittal sinus pressure measurements from five experiments published in the literature to estimate the CSF_fr and the capillary transmural pressure (TMP). The assumptions made during this study were those of a normal mean arterial pressure, a normal total R_out and a normal blood flow rate. <b>Results</b>: When the CSF formation rates were plotted against the estimated capillary transmural pressures, a straight line was returned, suggesting that the CSF_fr and capillary TMP are related. <b>Conclusions</b>: The novel findings of this study suggest that the CSF_fr in IIH varies with the capillary TMP. A reduced capillary TMP in IIH can moderate the ICP if there is net CSF absorption across the capillaries. This would require the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to be disrupted. The model suggests that drugs which stabilise the BBB may trigger IIH by blocking CSF absorption across the capillaries, increasing the apparent CSF formation rate back toward normal and increasing the ICP. Anaemia will promote IIH by increasing the cerebral blood flow, the capillary TMP and the CSF_fr.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}