提高ADHD患者的工作记忆:适应性双N-Back训练提高WAIS-IV表现,但产生混合的Corsi结果。

IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES
Alessandra Lintas, Michel Bader, Alessandro E P Villa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景/目的:本研究探讨了双N-back (DNB)任务工作记忆训练(WMT)对青少年注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)认知表现的影响。方法:在一个月内进行至少18次日常训练的过程中,106名参与者(33名非药物性ADHD, 42名药物性ADHD和45名对照组)被随机分配到固定的双1-back (FD1B)训练条件或适应性DNB条件,其中N-back水平在成功完成每个试验块后增加。采用韦氏成人智力量表第四版(WAIS-IV)工作记忆指数(WMI)和Corsi块敲击任务评估干预前后的认知表现。结果:混合设计方差分析显示,所有组的DNB表现都有显着改善,适应性训练条件产生更大的收益(例如,对照组改善204.6%,Cohen's d=1.85)。WAIS-IV WMI得分-特别是数字广度后向子测试-也在训练后显著提高,自适应条件下的效应量(d=0.46)大于FD1B (d=0.27)。Corsi表现出非常温和的增长,显示出与FD1B条件比适应条件更相关的令人惊讶的趋势。对照组在WAIS-IV亚测试中表现优于服药组,尽管服药组和未服药组之间没有显著差异。相关分析显示任务特异性训练效果,适应性训练增强了对照组(r=0.60)和服药ADHD参与者(r=0.51) DNB和Corsi表现之间的关联。结论:本研究表明,双N-back训练可以改善患有ADHD的年轻成年人的言语工作记忆,特别是在没有精神合并症的样本中。转移到视觉空间域的益处似乎有限,可能不适用于青少年、老年人或具有复杂临床特征的个体。结果强调了定制训练方案以最大化不同领域认知结果的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Boosting Working Memory in ADHD: Adaptive Dual N-Back Training Enhances WAIS-IV Performance, but Yields Mixed Corsi Outcomes.

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the efficacy of working memory training (WMT) using the dual N-back (DNB) task on cognitive performance in young adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: Over the course of at least 18 daily sessions conducted within one month, 106 participants (33 non-medicated ADHD, 42 medicated ADHD, and 45 controls) were randomly assigned to either a fixed dual 1-back (FD1B) training condition or an adaptive DNB condition, wherein the N-back level increased following successful completion of each trial block. Cognitive performance was assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) Working Memory Index (WMI) and the Corsi Block-Tapping Task. Results: A mixed-design ANOVA revealed significant improvements in DNB performance across all groups, with the adaptive training condition producing larger gains (e.g., a 204.6% improvement in controls, Cohen's d=1.85). WAIS-IV WMI scores-particularly the Digit Span Backward subtest-also improved significantly post-training, with greater effect sizes in the adaptive condition (d=0.46) than in FD1B (d=0.27). Corsi performance showed very modest gains, showing a surprising tendency to be more associated with the FD1B condition than the adaptive condition. Control participants outperformed the medicated ADHD group on WAIS-IV subtests, although no significant differences emerged between medicated and non-medicated ADHD participants. Correlational analyses indicated task-specific training effects, with adaptive training enhancing associations between DNB and Corsi performance in both controls (r=0.60) and medicated ADHD participants (r=0.51). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that dual N-back training improves verbal working memory in young adults with ADHD, specifically in a sample without psychiatric comorbidities. Transfer benefit to visuospatial domains appears limited and may not generalize to adolescents, older adults, or individuals with complex clinical profiles. The results underscore the importance of tailoring training protocols to maximize cognitive outcomes across different domains.

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来源期刊
Brain Sciences
Brain Sciences Neuroscience-General Neuroscience
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
9.10%
发文量
1472
审稿时长
18.71 days
期刊介绍: Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles, critical reviews, research notes and short communications in the areas of cognitive neuroscience, developmental neuroscience, molecular and cellular neuroscience, neural engineering, neuroimaging, neurolinguistics, neuropathy, systems neuroscience, and theoretical and computational neuroscience. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.
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