BMC Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Lifestyle and sleep-related behaviours in children with myopia.","authors":"Leonardo Fernández Irigaray, Rodrigo Torres, Virginia Zanutigh, Carla Lanca, Andrzej Grzybowski, Rafael Iribarren","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03923-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03923-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myopia is a prevalent disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to explore myopia risk factors, including the association between night-time reading habits under low illumination in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Argentina as part of the \"Myopia Awareness Campaign\" in June 2024. A total of 1,298 children aged 7-15 years were included. Data on self-reported myopia, reading habits, illumination levels, type of housing, outdoor time, and parental high myopia were collected through a 23-question Google Forms survey disseminated by ophthalmologists. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between these factors and self-reported myopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of self-reported myopia in children was 23.7%. Significant risk factors for myopia included older age (odds ratio, OR: 1.15; 95% Confidence Intervals, CI:1.08-1.23), high-intensity reading (OR: 1.69; 95% CI:1.12-2.55), parental high myopia (OR: 2.88; 95% CI:2.07-4.00), less outdoor time (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-0.999), and living in a house without a garden (OR:1.49; 95% CI:1.12-2.00). While initial unadjusted analysis suggested that reading at night in the dark was associated with myopia, the association lost significance after adjusting for age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the importance of environmental factors and lifestyle choices in myopia development. Although reading at night in the dark appeared as a potential risk factor, further research is needed to clarify its role in myopia development and progression. The existence of accessible outdoor areas may increase the time children spent outdoors helping to mitigate myopia incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of mutations associated with congenital cataracts in nineteen Chinese families.","authors":"Hai-Sen Sun, Teng Huang, Zhe-Xuan Liu, Yi-Tong Xu, Ya-Qi Wang, Ming-Cheng Wang, Shen-Rong Zhang, Jia-Lin Xu, Kai-Yi Zhu, Wen-Kai Huang, Xiu-Feng Huang, Jin Li","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03920-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03920-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital cataracts (CC) are one of the leading causes of impaired vision or blindness in children, with approximately 8.3-25% being inherited. The aim of this study is to investigate the mutation spectrum and frequency of 9 cataract-associated genes in 19 Chinese families with congenital cataracts.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify the gene variants associated with congenital cataracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included a total of 58 patients from 19 pedigrees with congenital cataracts. All probands were initially screened by whole-exome sequencing(WES), and then validated by co-segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Likely pathogenic variants were detected in 8 families, with a positivity rate of 42.1%. Variants in various genes were identified, including GJA3, CRYGD, CRYBA4, BFSP2, IARS2, CRYAA, CRYBA1, ARL2 and CRYBB3. Importantly, this study identified compound heterozygous variants of IARS2 in one family.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our research findings have revealed multiple gene variants associated with cataracts, providing clinical guidance for improved molecular diagnosis of congenital cataracts in the era of precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated hyperreflective foci as a novel characteristic in idiopathic epiretinal membrane by optical coherence tomography angiography.","authors":"Shuyu Zhao, Xianjun Liang, Jinxian He, Yanchun Wu, Jinglin Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03929-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03929-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this study was to analyze hyperreflective foci at the vitreous-retinal interface in cases of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) using enface-OCT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 47 patients (52 eyes) diagnosed with iERM between January 2020 and July 2023. We observed changes in hyperreflective foci in the macular area at each stage of iERM using OCTA on a 6 mm slab of the VRI. Evaluations included the density and percentage of hyperreflective foci of the epiretinal membrane at each stage, as well as the relationship between hyperreflective foci density and other OCT parameters, such as macular thickness and changes in macular superficial vascular density.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences in hyperreflective foci density and percentage were observed across the four stages of patients (p < 0.05). Additionally, statistically significant differences in superficial vascular density were noted among the four stages (p < 0.05). Hyperreflective foci area percentage and density correlated significantly with hyperreflective foci, FAZ area, and FAZ perimeter (p < 0.005). However, no correlation was found between hyperreflective foci density and area percentage with superficial vascular density and superficial perfusion density (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hyperreflective foci were identified in all stages of iERM, with their number and density increasing as the disease progressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between contrast sensitivity and national eye institute visual function questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) Rasch scores in patients with open-angle glaucoma: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Rieko Nakano, Ryoko Igarashi, Tadamichi Akagi, Yuta Sakaue, Ryu Iikawa, Ayako Tazawa, Kinuko Kamada, Mao Arimatsu, Tetsuya Togano, Takeo Fukuchi","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03928-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03928-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We examined the relationship between contrast sensitivity (CS) and visual field stage/severity in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG), and correlated CS with Quality of Vision (QOV) scores.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CS was measured under photopic (100 cd) and mesopic (10 cd) conditions in 218 eyes of 109 patients with OAG aged < 60 years. The glaucoma stages were divided into four groups according to the mean deviation (MD) of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) 24 - 2 or 10 - 2 Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA) standard, and their relationship with CS was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the Japanese version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) in 79 patients were converted into Rasch scores and correlated with CS. Both HFA24-2 and 10 - 2 showed statistically significant improvements in all items except 10.2 cycles per degree (cpd) under mesopic conditions where CS decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Correlations between CS and NEI VFQ-25 Rasch scores were stronger in the worse eye (WE) at HFA24-2, 10 - 2, and foveal sensitivity thresholds. The measurement results strongly correlated under photopic conditions. Comparing the correlations at HFA24-2, 10 - 2, and foveal sensitivity thresholds, the correlation was strongest at the foveal sensitivity threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CS declines with progression in the visual field stage or severity. QOV score tends to decreases with a decline in CS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective cataract surgical and refractive error coverages in the state of Qatar.","authors":"Shadi M AlAshwal, Muhammad Rabiu, Ian McCormick, Omar AlQahtani, Samya AlAbdulla, Halla Algadi, Suresh Kokku, Mohammed Hamad Al-Thani","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03915-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03915-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the progress in Qatar's eye care since 2009, focusing on effective cataract surgical and refractive error coverages, leading to enhanced eye health strategies and action plans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A modified Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) survey was employed using multi-stage sampling in all persons 50 years and older in Qatar. The study focused on uncorrected refractive errors, cataract surgery coverage and effectiveness, and visual acuity assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 339 individuals out of 3,206 examined participants who underwent cataract surgery, out of which 66.1% of 559 operated eyes obtained good post-operative outcomes (presenting visual acuity ≥ 6/12). Age -sex - adjusted eCSC for a cataract surgical threshold < 6/12 was 61.2% (95%CI 54.9-67.4). A poor post-operative outcome (presenting visual acuity < 6/60) was observed in 9.3% of all operated eyes, lower than the 14.9% reported in 2009. Cataract surgical coverage at the 6/18 threshold showed good coverage (94%) improving since 2009 (87%). Effective refractive coverage (eREC) was 74.3% (95%CI 70.9-77.7). Effective coverage of both services was lower among Qatari women compared to other population groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Qatar's CSC improved since the 2009 RAAB, but there are disparities in effective coverage based on gender and nationality. WHO set a global target to achieve a 30%-point increase in eCSC and a 40%-point increase in eREC by 2030; accordingly, Qatar's targets should be 91.2% and 100% retrospectively by 2030. To meet these targets, efforts are needed to improve the quality of cataract surgery and access to refractive correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a novel single nucleotide deletion in the NHS causing Nance-Horan syndrome.","authors":"Teng Huang, Ya-Nan Liu, Dan-Tong Ding, Qiao Wang, Qiu-Ling Xie, Xue-Chuan Miao, Chuan Qin, Xiu-Feng Huang, Jin Li","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03933-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03933-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare X-linked dominant disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the NHS gene on chromosome Xp22.2-Xp22.13. Clinical manifestations consist of congenital cataracts, along with dysmorphic facial features and dental anomalies and, in certain instances, intellectual disability. This study aimed to identify the genetic cause responsible for NHS in a Chinese family with four individuals primarily presenting with congenital cataracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genomic DNA was collected from six family members, including four affected individuals (three females and one male) from a two-generation family. The family history and clinical data were documented. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on the proband, and candidate pathogenic variants were filtered through a series of screening steps and validated by Sanger sequencing. Co-segregation analysis was conducted to confirm the pathogenicity of the identified variant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetic analysis revealed a novel frameshift pathogenic variant in NHS gene (c.1735delA: p.R579Gfs*91) present in all four affected members. All affected members exhibited congenital cataracts, congenital ptosis, strabismus, high myopia as well as dental and facial anomalies, and more severe characteristic features observed in the male patient. These clinical manifestations were consistent with the phenotype of NHS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified a novel NHS pathogenic variant in a Chinese family, expanding the mutational spectrum of NHS. Contrary to previous reports of female carriers exhibiting mild symptoms, we demonstrated severe ocular phenotypes in three affected females. These findings will assist in providing genetic counseling for NHS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful management with Paul^® Glaucoma Drainage Implant after complicated bleb needling with uveal prolapse into the bleb ten years after trabeculectomy.","authors":"Ermioni Panidou-Marschelke, Ekaterina Sokolenko, Carsten Framme, Maximilian Binter","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03906-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03906-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibrosis is the primary cause of failure following glaucoma surgery. Wound healing modulation with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C is routinely employed to reduce ocular fibrosis and improve surgical success rates; however, it also increases the risk of postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 59-year-old patient with a family history of glaucoma presented a decade after bilateral trabeculectomy with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 30 mmHg in the right eye and 42 mmHg in the left eye. Both eyes underwent multiple cyclophotocoagulations in the past and showed ocular surface inflammation due to eyedrop intolerance as well as scarred blebs without scleral thinning. Simultaneous bilateral bleb needling reduced IOP to 7 mmHg on the right eye and 12 mmHg on the left eye. The postoperative course of the right eye was favorable with a stable IOP at the low teens. However, IOP of the left eye rose to 34 mmHg within 3 days, accompanied by a uveal prolapse into the bleb. A subsequent vitrectomy with Tutopatch^® and anterior chamber washout was performed after 10 days, followed by implantation of the novel Paul^® Glaucoma Drainage Implant after sufficient scleral healing. This resulted in a postoperative IOP of 8 mmHg. After 12 months, no eyedrops were required, there were no signs of ocular surface inflammation, and the IOP was stable at 13 mmHg in the right eye and 12 mmHg in the left eye.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights a rare occasion of scleral thinning leading to perforation with uveal prolapse after needling, 10 years post-trabeculectomy. Likely causes include the use of antimetabolites, cyclodestructive procedures, and chronic conjunctival inflammation from eyedrops. Although needling is typically low-risk, it can lead to complications similar to trabeculectomy. Preoperative screening for scleral thinning using slit lamp and anterior segment OCT is recommended for high-risk patients. The presented two-stage treatment strategy proved successful in managing this complex case.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two cases of spontaneous hyphema after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation.","authors":"Yang Gao, Chenxue Liu, Li Li, Qizhi Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03904-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03904-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The implantable collamer lens (ICL, STAAR Surgical Co.) surgery is popular for its effectiveness and safety, but it carries potential risks. This study presents two unreported cases of hyphema after ICL surgery, highlighting the need for prompt investigation and management of both hyphema and IOP to prevent ocular damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(DA-U)²Net: double attention U²Net for retinal vessel segmentation.","authors":"Bing Chu, Jinsong Zhao, Wenqiang Zheng, Zhengyuan Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03908-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03908-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Morphological changes in the retina are crucial and serve as valuable references in the clinical diagnosis of ophthalmic and cardiovascular diseases. However, the retinal vascular structure is complex, making manual segmentation time-consuming and labor-intensive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper proposes a retinal segmentation network that integrates feature channel attention and the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) attention within the U²Net model. First, a feature channel attention module is introduced into the RSU (Residual Spatial Unit) block of U²Net, forming an Attention-RSU block, which focuses more on significant areas during feature extraction and suppresses the influence of noise; Second, a Spatial Attention Module (SAM) is introduced into the high-resolution module of Attention-RSU to enrich feature extraction from both spatial and channel dimensions, and a Channel Attention Module (CAM) is integrated into the lowresolution module of Attention-RSU, which uses dual channel attention to reduce detail loss.Finally, dilated convolution is applied during the upscaling and downscaling processes to expand the receptive field in low-resolution states, allowing the model to better integrate contextual information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The evaluation across multiple clinical datasets demonstrated excellent performance on various metrics, with an accuracy (ACC) of 98.71%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed Network is general enough and we believe it can be easily extended to other medical image segmentation tasks where large scale variation and complicated features are the main challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of anterior scleral thickness in Turkish open angle glaucoma patients: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography study.","authors":"Işıl Merve Torun, Melike Saridoğan","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03921-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03921-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare anterior scleral thickness (AST) in Turkish patients with open-angle glaucoma (primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG)) with healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study involved 41 patients with PEG, 69 patients with POAG, and 46 healthy controls. We obtained spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images from the nasal and temporal quadrants and made AST measurements of 1 mm (AST), 2 mm (AST2), 3 mm (AST3), and 4 mm (AST4) posterior to the scleral spur (SS). Schlemm's canal (SC) diameter and area measurements were performed using the ImageJ software. The results were compared statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average ASTs of the groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05 for each). The analysis of the nasal SC diameter revealed a significant decrease in the POAG group in comparison with the PEG group, with no difference observed between the POAG and control groups (p = 0.038*). The mean nasal and temporal SC area was significantly smaller in the PEG and POAG groups compared with the control group (p < 0.001** and p < 0.001**, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no significant difference in nasal and temporal AST between groups; however, the SC area was found to be smaller in glaucoma groups compared with healthy controls. The present findings should be supported by further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}