BMC Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the impact of tear film dynamics on optical coherence tomography image quality in patients with dry eye disease.","authors":"Bedia Kesimal, Sücattin İlker Kocamış","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-04893-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-04893-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effect of tear film parameters on optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal strength index (SSI) in dry eye disease (DED) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 77 DED patients and 77 healthy controls. All participants underwent ocular surface index (OSDI) assessment, Schirmer I test, non-invasive break up time (NIBUT) measurement, and OCT imaging. SSI values from raster and optic nerve head (ONH) scans were recorded using the RTVue-100 device. Correlation and multivariate analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DED patients exhibited significantly lower raster and ONH SSI values compared to controls (p < 0.001). SSI positively correlated with NIBUT and Schirmer, and negatively with OSDI scores (p < 0.001). NIBUT and OSDI were independent predictors of SSI in regression models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tear film instability reduces OCT signal quality in DED, even without media opacities. Ocular surface optimization should be considered before OCT imaging to ensure accurate evaluation of measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factors for treatment of retinal diseases in Nigerians: a retrospective multicenter study.","authors":"Ogugua Ndubuisi Okonkwo, Adekunle Olubola Hassan, Darlingtess Abies Oronsaye, Chioma Emelumadu, Toyin Akanbi, Chineze Agweye","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-04880-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-04880-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about compliance with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for the treatment of macular and retinovascular diseases among Nigerians and Africans. The objective of this study is to measure compliance to 3 or more and 6 or more intravitreal anti-VEGF injections for common macular and retinovascular diseases in Nigerian clinics and evaluate the impact on visual outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Retrospective multicenter chart review of 622 eyes/ 528 patients diagnosed with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusions (RVOs), including branch, central, and hemiretinal (BRVO, CRVO, and HRVO), and non-AMD Choroidal Neovascular Membrane (CNVM) from five clinics (urban, semi-urban, and rural), collecting demographics, diagnosis, injection type/number, pre-/post-BCVA (converted to LogMAR), and follow-up. Treatments were intravitreal Bevacizumab (Avastin), Ranibizumab (Patizra), and Aflibercept (Eylea). Definitions of compliance: compliant; ≥3 injections (standard loading), also ≥ 6 injections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For all 622 eyes, presenting BCVA: 1.21 ± 0.84 and the final BCVA: 0.91 ± 0.80 (P = < 0.001). Overall compliance with ≥ 3 injections was 47.5%, and with ≥ 6 injections, 10.1%. Compliance to ≥ 3 injections by diagnosis was as follows: AMD 50.4%, Non-AMD CNVM 58.2%, BRVO 44.8%, CRVO 44.0%, HRVO 46.7%, DME 40.6%. Age (P = 0.264) and sex (P = 0.870) did not affect compliance to ≥ 3 injections. Clinic location significantly influenced compliance with ≥ 3 injections (P = 0.000), but not with 6 injections (P = 0.173). The highest rates of compliance with ≥ 3 injections were observed in urban tertiary centers. Injection type and cost were not significant factors (P = 0.36). Eyes with ≥ 3 injections achieved better vision (≥ 6/18) across all diagnoses; the most notable improvements were in non-AMD CNVM (+ 41.4%) and BRVO (+ 35%). Statistically significant LogMAR improvements were seen in CRVO (p = 0.049) and DME (p = 0.043). Postoperative endophthalmitis occurred in 2/622 eyes (0.0032) (both Avastin); no other serious adverse event was recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Real-world compliance is significantly lower than ideal. Urban and tertiary clinics show better adherence. Receiving the recommended loading doses is associated with improved visual outcomes for most diagnoses. Understanding the reasons for non-compliance, using a prospective approach, and addressing them will improve treatment outcomes for more Nigerian and presumably African patients receiving anti-VEGF drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal conjunctivitis due to uncommon pathogen Streptococcus mitis/oralis: a case report.","authors":"Ali Kutay Kılınç, Nezihat Desen Büyüksoy, Yağmur Seda Yeşiltaş, Aylin Üner Bozdayı","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-04895-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-04895-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal conjunctivitis (NC), historically attributed to Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is now known to be caused by various pathogens, including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Although viridans group streptococci are generally regarded as commensal organisms, they may cause opportunistic conjunctival infections. Here, we present a case of NC caused by Streptococcus mitis/oralis, a member of the Mitis group of viridans group streptococci. A 15-day-old female neonate presented with bilateral severe eyelid edema and moderate hemopurulent discharge that precluded anterior segment evaluation. Symptoms began at nine days of age with serous discharge, which gradually worsened. The severe presentation initially raised concern for orbital cellulitis. Upon hospital admission, a conjunctival swab was obtained, and treatment was initiated with topical moxifloxacin and fusidic acid, along with empirical intravenous penicillin and gentamicin. Eyelid edema and discharge improved significantly within 24-48 h. Culture results confirmed Streptococcus mitis/oralis, which was sensitive to the administered antibiotics. Complete clinical recovery was subsequently achieved without complications. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of differentiating severe NC from orbital cellulitis and underscores the potential of S. mitis/oralis to cause significant ocular morbidity in neonates. The prompt and dramatic response to antibacterial treatment prevented long-term complications, and this case supports the hypothesis of postnatal transmission from the neonate's own nasopharyngeal flora or that of the caregiver rather than exclusive acquisition from the birth canal.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of three trauma scoring systems: OTS, POTS, and MPOTS for predicting early visual outcomes in pediatric open-globe injuries.","authors":"Dilber Celik Yaprak, Merve Ozbek, Sibel Oskan Yalcin, Aysin Tuba Kaplan","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-04874-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-04874-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate and directly compare the prognostic performance of three trauma scoring systems-Ocular Trauma Score (OTS), Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score (POTS), and Modified Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score (MPOTS)-in predicting visual outcomes in pediatric patients with open-globe injuries (OGI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort included 110 pediatric patients (≤ 18 years) who underwent surgical repair for OGI between January 2018 and December 2024. Demographic, clinical, and surgical data were extracted from standardized medical records. Prognostic factors for final visual acuity (VA) were analyzed, and OTS, POTS, and MPOTS were calculated for each patient. Visual outcomes were classified as favorable (VA > 20/200) or poor (VA ≤ 20/200). Predictive performance was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 7.85 ± 4.73 years, and the mean follow-up was 20.36 ± 16.70 months. Presenting VA, injury zone, and associated ocular pathologies (hyphema, traumatic cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, choroidal involvement, vitreous prolapse, and iris prolapse) were significant predictors of poor outcomes (all p < 0.05), whereas age, sex, and time to surgery were not. Mean VA improved significantly from baseline (1.40 ± 0.92 logMAR) to final follow-up (0.68 ± 1.04 logMAR; p < 0.001). All three trauma scores correlated strongly with final VA, with OTS (r = - 0.822) and POTS (r = - 0.807) outperforming MPOTS (r = - 0.690). ROC analysis confirmed excellent discriminative ability for all three models, with the highest areas under the curve (AUC) observed for POTS (0.983), followed by OTS (0.974) and MPOTS (0.948).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OTS, POTS, and MPOTS are valuable tools for predicting visual outcomes in pediatric OGI. While POTS demonstrated the best discriminative performance in our cohort, OTS remained highly reliable, and MPOTS provided a simpler framework but with slightly reduced accuracy. OTS should continue to serve as a reference standard, with pediatric-specific scores offering complementary value in challenging clinical scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of primary orbital implantation in evisceration/enucleation in patients with endophthalmitis in a tertiary hospital.","authors":"Saleh Alrashed, Maram Alnefaim, Rawan N Althaqib, Hamad M Alsulaiman","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-04871-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-04871-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the safety and outcomes of primary orbital implantation during evisceration/enucleation for endophthalmitis, specifically analyzing the risk of implant exposure/extrusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review of 98 endophthalmitis patients (90 eviscerations, 8 enucleations) who received a primary orbital implant (mostly PMMA) over 10 years. Follow-up averaged 27.5 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative implant exposure/extrusion occurred in 10 patients (10.2%). This rate is comparable to established literature. The mean time to exposure was 140 days. Neither preoperative orbital cellulitis nor culture positivity (e.g., Pseudomonas) was statistically associated with a higher risk of exposure. Re-operations for exposure did not show evidence of active, ongoing infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primary orbital implantation in endophthalmitis patients is safe, carrying an exposure/extrusion risk (10.2%) comparable to reported rates. The procedure should be favored over a two-staged approach unless significant inflammation is noted intraoperatively. PRéCIS: The purpose of this paper is to study outcomes of primary orbital implantation in Endophthalmitis patient, and to review the exposure rate, and to also analyze possible risk factors for the exposure/extrusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term efficacy of combined phacoemulsification and Hydrus microstent in open-angle glaucoma versus combined-mechanism/primary angle closure glaucoma: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Kelly C Nguyen, Eden Ng, Sunee Chansangpetch, Sunita Radhakrishnan, Ngoc Nguyen, Andrew G Iwach, Shan Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-04875-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-04875-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Compare the efficacy of combined Hydrus-cataract surgery in open angle glaucoma (OAG) to combined mechanism glaucoma (CMG) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) over 36 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study of patients with CMG, PACG, or OAG who were treated with 1 or more glaucoma medications prior to surgery. Retrospective review of OAG, CMG, or PACG eyes which underwent combined Hydrus-cataract surgery between Jul 2020-Dec 2021. Regression models were used to evaluate IOP, medication use, success rate (IOP ≤ 18 mmHg without medication) and proportion of medication-free eyes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CMG/PACG group (n = 39) had significantly higher IOP reduction from baseline to 36-months than the OAG group (n = 34) (OAG, 15.03 ± 2.90 mmHg to 13.44 ± 3.85 mmHg, p = 0.016; CMG/PACG, 15.62 ± 3.10 to 13.21 ± 2.61 mmHg, p = 0.002) (p = 0.021 for difference). Number of medications was significantly reduced in both groups (OAG, 2.44 ± 1.33 to 1.18 ± 1.40, p < 0.001; CMG/PACG, 2.29 ± 1.27 to 0.87 ± 1.08, p < 0.001) (p = 0.882 for difference). CMG/PACG had higher success rate (49% vs. 29%) and more medication-free eyes (49% vs. 35%) than OAG but these were not statistically significant (p = 0.09 and 0.25, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This retrospective study supports the long-term efficacy of combined Hydrus-cataract surgery for CMG/PACG and OAG.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser peripheral iridectomy use in the unoperated eyes of hospitalised patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma in a national multicentre study in China.","authors":"Huiyan Mao, Kun Xiong, Yongzhen Yu, Qi'ao Zhang, Jinyuan Chen, Xue Yin, Dan Wang, Hong Sun, Xiaoli Xing, Guoping Duan, Zhiyang Jia, Jian Jiang, Zhengzheng Wu, Li Tang, Peng Lu, Danyan Liu, Yajuan Zheng, Lidong Zhuo, Sujie Fan, Xinying Zhang, Weiwei Liu, Yan Dai, Hong Chen, Huadong Xiang, Jingyi Lv, Yang Yang, Jianjun Ma, Jianfang Yang, Xueli Cao, Tingting Zhou, Wenyi Guo, Guoxing Li, Shaodan Zhang, Xin Sun, Mingguang He, Yuanbo Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-04873-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-04873-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the use of laser peripheral iridectomy (LPI) in the unoperated eyes of hospitalised patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a national multi-centre retrospective study, and the sample was selected via multi-stage stratified random sampling from 26 hospitals. Data on LPI use were extracted from the electronic medical records (EMRs) of 5,404 PACG patients from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2020. We used a generalised estimating equations (GEE) model to identify factors influencing LPI use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,525 unoperated eyes of hospitalised PACG patients, 35.3% of these eyes received LPI during hospitalisation, and the usage rate was 35.1% and 36.0% in provincial-level or above and in city-level hospitals, respectively. In multivariable models, an intraocular pressure (IOP) of > 21 mmHg (OR = 0.915; 95% CI [0.875, 0.956]), moderate visual impairment (OR = 0.898; 95% CI [0.849, 0.949]) and severe visual impairment or blindness (OR = 0.755; 95% CI [0.717, 0.794]) were associated with a lower LPI usage rate in unoperated eyes. By contrast, patients treated in the northern region had a higher LPI usage rate in unoperated eyes (OR = 1.343; 95% CI [1.295, 1.393]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The usage rate of LPI in the unoperated eyes of PACG patients is relatively low in China, especially among patients in the southern region, with higher IOP and worse visual impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implantable collamer lens combined with femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy and toric implantable collamer lens for high myopia with moderate-to-low astigmatism corrections: a comparative study.","authors":"Shun An, Honglin Ye, Jian Ye, Yan Huo","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-04878-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-04878-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare clinical outcomes of implantable collamer lens (ICL) combined with femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy (FSAK) and toric implantable collamer lens (TICL) for high myopia with moderate-to-low astigmatism corrections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center, non-randomized, parallel-group study, patients with high myopia and moderate-to-low astigmatism (0.75D ~ 2.00D) received either ICL+FSAK or TICL treatment and underwent a 3-month postoperative follow-up. We compared the efficacy, safety, predictability, and stability between the two groups, along with outcomes including vector analysis of astigmatism, intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), vault, modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff, Strehl ratio (SR), and objective scatter index (OSI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At three months postoperatively, median manifest astigmatism in ICL+FSAK group was - 0.25 diopter (D), similar to that in TICL group was - 0.25D (P = 0.774). At all timepoints, two groups were comparable in terms of uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, manifest spherical equivalent, manifest astigmatism, efficacy index, safety index. At 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, median surgically induced astigmatism in ICL+FSAK group were 0.74 D, 0.79 D, and 0.82 D, smaller than those in TICL group (0.86 D, 0.99 D, and 1.01 D) (P < 0.05). Similarly, median correction index postoperatively were 0.69 and 0.75 in ICL+FSAK group, smaller than those in TICL group (0.82 and 0.84) at 1 month and 3 months (P < 0.05). At all timepoints, no significant differences in difference vector or absolute value of angle error occurred between two groups.Similar results also occurred in IOP, ECD, vault, MTF cutoff, SR, and OSI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TICL resulted in higher SIA and CI compared to FSAK, but there was no significant difference in postoperative manifest astigmatism. Therefore, both methods are excellent choices for high myopia with moderate-to-low astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>ChiCTR2400092267. The registration date is November 13, 2024.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry: </strong>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of preoperative 5% povidone-iodine plus moxifloxacin versus 5% povidone-iodine alone on ocular surface bacterial flora: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Mary Ogbenyi Ugalahi, Olufunmilola Bamidele Makanjuola, Steve Oluwaseun Adebusoye, Bolutife Ayokunnu Olusanya","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-04881-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-04881-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute postoperative endophthalmitis remains a rare but devastating complication of cataract surgery, most commonly arising from organisms originating in the patient's conjunctival flora. While preoperative instillation of 5% povidone-iodine is universally accepted as standard prophylaxis, the additional benefit of preoperative topical antibiotics remains uncertain, particularly in settings with rising antimicrobial resistance and heterogeneous surgical practices. This study aims to determine whether the addition of topical moxifloxacin to 5% povidone-iodine increases the microbiological conversion rate from culture-positive to culture-negative conjunctival status immediately before cataract surgery, compared with 5% povidone-iodine alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-centre, parallel-group, superiority randomised controlled trial conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 234 participants scheduled for elective cataract surgery will be randomised (1:1) to receive either preoperative topical moxifloxacin plus povidone-iodine or povidone-iodine alone. Conjunctival swabs will be collected at baseline and immediately prior to surgery. The primary outcome is the proportion of baseline culture-positive eyes that convert to culture-negative status before surgery. Secondary outcomes include residual culture positivity, bacterial species distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Effect estimates will be reported with 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study is expected to clarify whether adjunctive topical moxifloxacin confers additional microbiological benefit beyond povidone-iodine alone. The findings will provide context-specific evidence to inform preoperative prophylactic strategies for cataract surgery, with implications for antimicrobial stewardship and evidence-based surgical guidelines.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202509780471457). Prospectively registered; URL: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/ .</p><p><strong>Trial status: </strong>The trial is still recruiting patients. Recruitment began on September 29, 2025, and is expected to be completed by late March.</p><p><strong>Protocol version: </strong>Version 1.0, dated 16 July 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of hemogram-related systemic inflammatory markers in pterygium recurrence.","authors":"Sibel Alişan Alimoğlu, Burçin Çakır, Kübra Özata Gündoğdu","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-04865-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-04865-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate hemogram-related systemic inflammatory markers and cholesterol levels in patients with primary and recurrent pterygium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The records of patients underwent pterygium surgery were investigated. Patients with primary and recurrent pterygium were enrolled as Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. Age and sex-matched healthy individuals formed Group 3. Hemogram results taken one week before surgery were obtained from the medical files. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte, platelet, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR), monocyte-to-eosinophil ratio (MER), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR), and systemic inflammation index (SII) and HDL, LDL, TG, and total cholesterol were calculated and compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 54, 30 patients and 34 healthy individuals, in Group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mean vertical and horizontal length of pterygium were not statistically different between patient groups. The mean neutrophil, eosinophyl, monocyte, platelet, were not statistically different between groups (p: 0.43, p: 0.79, p: 0.85, p:0.29, respectively). The mean lymphocyte value was statistically different between Group 2 and 3 (p:0,001). The mean HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, TG were not statistically different between groups. Mean NLR, PLR, ELR, MER, MLR, MHR, and SII were not statistically different between groups (p: 0.63, p: 0.17, p:0.13, p:0.46, p: 0.07, p:0.77, p:0.97, respectively).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Hemogram-related inflammatory markers and serum cholesterol levels were not different between patients with primary, recurrent pterygium, and healthy subjects. Only mean lymphocyte was lower in patients with recurrent pterygium compared with control group. The role of systemic inflammation should be investigated in further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}