BMC Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of the Port Delivery Platform compared with intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Michelle Mies Elisabeth Siekerman, Ivar Sønbø Kristiansen, Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad, Ragnheiður Bragadóttir, Emily A Burger","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05346-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05346-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Standard ranibizumab anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intravitreal injection (IVI) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) may be alternatively delivered using the Port Delivery Platform (PDP), a drug delivery system surgically inserted into the eye that was re-approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in July 2024. Quantifying the added health benefits and cost consequences of new health interventions is required in various health systems. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of universal and targeted use of the PDP with ranibizumab compared to treat-and-extend (T&E) aflibercept injections for patients with nAMD in Norway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the PDP with ranibizumab 100 mg/ml with fixed 24-week refill-exchanges (Q24W) to T&E IVI with vial split aflibercept 2 mg. We developed a probabilistic visual acuity-based simulation model using data derived from published clinical trials and studies. Resources were valued using Norwegian healthcare tariffs and included time and travel costs, in line with Norwegian guidelines. We simulated individuals with nAMD (mean age of 75 years) at treatment initiation and with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 71-85 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters. Subgroup analysis simulated individuals undergoing monthly aflibercept treatment, who face long-distance travel times, or who feel extremely anxious about IVI. Main outcomes include total discounted lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) disaggregated by health state, treatment modality, and adverse events. Cost-effectiveness was measured using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and compared against benchmark thresholds of cost-effectiveness in Norway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Universal use of the PDP (Q24W) provided greater health benefits (6.5606 QALYs) than aflibercept T&E (6.5516 QALYs) but increased costs by $11,431, yielding an ICER >$1 million per QALY gained, which far exceeds cost-effectiveness thresholds in Norway. In contrast, for patients requiring monthly IVI treatments or facing travel distances of ≥ 4 h, the PDP was considered cost-saving.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to aflibercept IVIs under a T&E regimen for bilateral nAMD, universal use of the PDP with 24-week refills is unlikely to be considered cost-effective in Norway. However, the PDP may be considered high-value for patients needing frequent IVI or facing long travel distances.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrafamilial phenotypic variation in four Palestinian siblings with CFAP418-related ciliopathy: a familial case series.","authors":"Ayham Awad, Basil Gheith, Amro Abu Harthiyyeh, Mariam Alqam, Haitham Abu Harthiyyeh","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05425-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05425-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biallelic CFAP418 variants cause retinal degeneration with variable extraocular findings. The principal contribution of this familial case series is a comparison of four affected siblings carrying the same previously reported splice-donor variant, with explicit separation of original clinical records from recalled history and historical summaries.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Four Palestinian siblings from a consanguineous family had homozygosity for CFAP418 NM_177965.3:c.155 + 1G > A reported in a 2018 family research letter; a 2019 clinical laboratory report confirmed the variant in the older brother and sister and heterozygosity in both parents. At history collection in March 2026, the male twins reported an age of 27 years, their older brother 30 years and their sister 26 years. The twins, described by the family as monozygotic without independent zygosity confirmation, had congenital postaxial polydactyly; the other siblings did not. Dated records for the twins documented severe visual impairment, posterior subcapsular cataract, pigmentary retinal degeneration, macular outer-retinal abnormalities, markedly constricted Goldmann fields and virtually absent rod and mixed electroretinographic responses with residual cone responses. Acuity differed across visits and testing conditions. Contemporary standardized ophthalmic data were unavailable for the other two siblings. Participants reported photophobia, progressive visual difficulty and substantial effects on mobility, education, daily tasks and family roles. Documented care included ophthalmic and low-vision follow-up, optical-aid recommendations and supportive prescriptions; no measured treatment benefit was established.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The family demonstrates a documented contrast in polydactyly alongside a shared molecular and retinal disease context. Recalled symptoms do not establish an electrophysiological transition between retinal diagnoses. The 2026 genotype-informed Bardet-Biedl diagnostic algorithm supports a syndromic interpretation across the sibship, while incomplete systemic ascertainment limits characterization of organ involvement. Standardized retinal follow-up, low-vision care, genetic counselling and multidisciplinary surveillance are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic inflammation in optic neuropathies: comparative insights from hematological and composite indices.","authors":"Barbaros Hayrettin Unlu, Ceren Durmaz Engin, Muge Yilmaz, Erk Atlay, Omer Kartı, Meltem Soylev Bajin","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05433-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05433-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare complete blood count (CBC)-derived inflammatory indices among patients with multiple sclerosis-associated optic neuritis (MS-ON), non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), idiopathic intracranial hypertension-related optic neuropathy (IIH-ON), and healthy controls, while accounting for demographic confounding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 135 participants: 36 patients with MS-ON, 29 with NAION, 34 with IIH-ON, and 36 healthy controls. Six composite inflammatory indices, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), and hemoglobin-albumin-lymphocyte-platelet (HALP) score, were calculated from routine laboratory measurements obtained at diagnosis before treatment. Log-transformed indices were compared using analysis of covariance adjusted for age and sex. False discovery rate correction was applied across the six indices. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for indices showing significant adjusted group effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in age and sex distribution were observed among the groups. After adjustment for age and sex, overall group effects remained for NLR (p = 0.008) and SIRI (p = 0.033), although only NLR remained significant after false discovery rate correction (q = 0.047). Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons demonstrated higher NLR in MS-ON than in healthy controls (adjusted geometric means 2.83 vs. 1.80, p = 0.005). NLR discriminated MS-ON from controls with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.681 (95% CI, 0.554-0.807), while SIRI showed a comparable AUC of 0.661 (95% CI, 0.535-0.787). Among conventional hematological parameters, red cell distribution width remained elevated in IIH-ON, whereas serum albumin remained lower in MS-ON and IIH-ON after adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the primary analysis, NLR was the only index that retained significance after adjustment for age, sex, and multiple testing, with higher values in MS-ON than in healthy controls. The sensitivity of several other indices to robust inference and the modest ROC performance warrant cautious interpretation and prospective validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric conjunctival papilloma managed with staged multimodal therapy: a case report.","authors":"Mohammadreza Sedaghat, Javad Sadeghi, Sahel Khazaei","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05432-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05432-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conjunctival papilloma is a rare benign ocular surface tumor in children, most commonly associated with low-risk human papillomavirus types 6 and 11. Management can be challenging because of multifocal disease, persistence, recurrence, and the need to preserve healthy conjunctival tissue in young patients. We report a pediatric case of multifocal conjunctival papilloma successfully managed with a staged multimodal approach combining preoperative medical therapy with limited surgical excision.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 4-year-old boy presented with multifocal conjunctival papillomatous lesions. Following clinical evaluation and diagnosis of conjunctival papilloma, preoperative topical and intralesional interferon alfa-2b were administered to reduce the lesion size. Residual lesions were subsequently treated with limited surgical excision following preoperative interferon-mediated debulking and intraoperative application of mitomycin C. The patient had a favorable clinical course, with preservation and progressive restoration of the conjunctival architecture. At 2 years of follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the potential value of a staged multimodal strategy for managing multifocal conjunctival papilloma in children. Preoperative medical debulking followed by targeted surgical excision may help reduce the extent of surgery, preserve healthy conjunctival tissue, and achieve durable disease control. This approach may be particularly useful in pediatric ocular surface disease, where tissue preservation is an important consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ptosis surgery on Schlemm canal and anterior chamber angle parameters assessed by anterior segment OCT.","authors":"Anıl Ağaçkesen, Fatma Işıl Sözen Delil","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05417-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05417-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate changes in anterior segment morphology using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in patients undergoing levator surgery for ptosis and to investigate the potential influence of eyelid position changes on anterior segment parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 20 eyes of 18 patients who underwent levator surgery for ptosis. Eyelid parameters (MRD-1 and palpebral fissure height) and anterior segment measurements obtained by AS-OCT were recorded preoperatively and at postoperative weeks 4-6. Angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular iris space area (TISA), iridocorneal angle (ICA), Schlemm canal length (SCL), and Schlemm canal area (SCA) were measured in nasal and temporal quadrants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperatively, MRD-1 and PFH increased statistically significantly (p < 0.001 for both). Among anterior segment parameters, a significant postoperative decrease was observed only in nasal SCL (p = 0.008), with a moderate-to-large effect size (r = 0.419). No significant differences were detected in AOD, TISA, ICA, or SCA measurements in either nasal or temporal quadrants (p > 0.05). Nasal ICA demonstrated a borderline postoperative increase (p = 0.086; r = 0.271). Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between nasal AOD change and both MRD-1 and PFH changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Levator surgery for ptosis may be associated with subtle anterior segment morphologic changes detectable by AS-OCT. In particular, the observed decrease in nasal SCL should be regarded as an exploratory, hypothesis-generating finding that requires confirmation in larger studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trigeminal sensory neuropathy developing as a late complication after the treatment of surgically induced necrotizing scleritis following pterygium surgery: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Buğra Karasu, Nilay Kandemir Beşek, Enes Kesim, Büşra Yılmaz Tuğan","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05408-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05408-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgically induced necrotizing scleritis (SINS) is an immune-mediated disease that occurs infrequently after ocular procedures, with latency ranging from days to years. There are various early and late complications that can negatively affect quality of life after SINS. This case report aims to present late trigeminal sensory neuropathy (TSN), corresponding in this patient to painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (ICHD-3 13.1.2.3), as a complication in a patient who developed SINS after pterygium surgery (PS).</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 31-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic for cosmetic surgical removal of bilateral pterygium. She had an unremarkable medical history. Following the 10th postoperative day in the right eye, the patient complained of eye irritation, visual impairment, and hypersensitivity to light. On biomicroscopic examination, the conjunctival autograft on the sclera had melted, and a choroidal reflex was visible. A multi-layered amniotic membrane graft was applied to the erosion during our initial repair; however, the graft deteriorated within one week. Conjunctival covering surgery with a pericardial patch was performed on the patient's area of scleral melting. Rheumatological evaluation was unremarkable, with no evidence of an underlying systemic disease. The patient, who had been undergoing systemic pulse steroid treatment and topical cyclosporine/steroid treatment for scleritis, was diagnosed with painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy in the neurology department 3 months after her third surgery. This diagnosis was based on persistent symptoms (photophobia, dental pain, and headache) that did not respond to systemic and topical treatments for SINS. The patient who was treated for TSN responded to oral gabapentin treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy as a late complication of SINS following pterygium surgery. Physicians should consider this diagnosis in patients with persistent neuropathic pain after SINS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional corneal epithelial thickness and asymmetry patterns in early keratoconus versus regular astigmatism using MS-39 anterior segment OCT: a comparative cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yasaman Hadi, Farideh Kheimeh Kabood, Parya Abdolalizadeh, Leila Ghiasian, Marjan Mazouchi","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05412-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05412-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare corneal epithelial thickness (CET) profiles among different types of regular astigmatism and early keratoconus (KCN) using the MS-39 anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and to identify disease-specific epithelial asymmetry patterns, regional epithelial thickness, and ROC performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This comparative cross-sectional study included 96 eyes from 55 participants: with-the-rule astigmatism (WTR, n = 34), against-the-rule astigmatism (ATR, n = 19), oblique astigmatism (OBL, n = 13), and early keratoconus (KCN, n = 30). Corneal epithelial thickness maps and central corneal thickness (CCT) were obtained with the MS-39 AS-OCT. Because some participants contributed both eyes and group sizes were unequal, eye-level comparisons used participant-clustered robust standard errors. Multivariable models additionally adjusted for age, sex, cylinder power, and CCT. ROC 95% confidence intervals were estimated by participant-level cluster bootstrap.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regular astigmatic eyes showed the expected superior-to-inferior epithelial thickness gradient, whereas early KCN eyes showed relative superior epithelial thickening and attenuation of this gradient. CCT was lower in early KCN than in regular astigmatism (499.9 ± 29.3 μm vs. 555.7 ± 39.5 μm; P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, cylinder power, and CCT, superior epithelial thickness remained greater in early KCN in the 2-5 mm annulus (adjusted B = + 2.78 μm; 95% CI, 1.15 to 4.41; P < 0.001) and 5-7 mm annulus (B = + 3.17 μm; 95% CI, 1.30 to 5.04; P < 0.001). The superior-inferior difference in the 2-5 mm zone also remained attenuated (B = + 2.10 μm; 95% CI, 0.51 to 3.68; P = 0.010). Superior ET at 2-5 mm had an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.62-0.87); a combined epithelial model yielded an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.67-0.90).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early KCN showed region-specific epithelial thickness differences characterized by relative superior epithelial thickening and attenuation of the normal vertical epithelial gradient. These differences persisted after adjustment for overall CCT, suggesting that the principal findings were not explained solely by differences in total corneal thickness. Diagnostic performance was moderate, so epithelial mapping should be considered an adjunct to established tomographic assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome: a comprehensive literature review of a rare retinal vasculopathy.","authors":"Haidara Asaad, Raghad Hasan","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05407-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05407-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on sino-orbital osteomas: ophthalmic manifestations and visual outcomes from a 12-year multicenter experience and literature review.","authors":"Abolfazl Rahimi, Amir Ehtemami, Kamyar Khazaei, Seyedhadi Samimi Ardestani","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05411-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05411-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteomas are the most common benign craniofacial bone tumors that may extend into the orbital cavity. While the majority of them remain asymptomatic, orbital involvement can lead to clinically significant ophthalmologic manifestations. Although endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has been increasingly utilized, data focusing specifically on ophthalmologic outcomes following ESS in sino-orbital osteomas are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 12-year multicenter descriptive cohort evaluated 12 patients with symptomatic sino-orbital osteomas managed with ESS, including advanced approaches such as Draf techniques and orbital transposition when indicated. Demographics, clinical and radiological presentation, tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes and complications during follow-up were collected and reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort population (7 men, 5 women; mean age 29.75 years) predominantly presented with proptosis, followed by diplopia, blurred vision and eyelid swelling. They originated most frequently from the frontoethmoidal and frontal sinuses with mean tumor dimensions of 4.2*2.9*1.9 cm. Complete excision was ultimately achieved in all cases either through a single or planned staged ESS. More than 90% of patients experienced resolution or substantial improvement of visual symptoms. No recurrences, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, major postoperative orbital complications or cosmetic deformities were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings favor the expanding role of endoscopic techniques as an effective and safe minimally invasive approach and offer substantial rates of visual symptom resolution with minimal morbidity in sino-orbital osteomas. Comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation is recommended as part of a multidisciplinary approach to enhance the outcome of suspected cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative ocular biometric profile of emmetropic Nepalese children: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.","authors":"Archana Sharma, Madhu Thapa, Sanjeev Bhattarai, Harshita Thapa, Pratima Lama Ghising, Sarmila Acharya, Gauri Shankar Shrestha","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05405-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-05405-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate ocular biometric parameters and corneal topographical parameters in emmetropic Nepalese children using swept-source optical biometer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 190 emmetropic Nepalese children aged 6-18 years. Ocular biometric parameters (Corneal radius of curvature, Axial length, Anterior chamber depth, Lens thickness, Pachymetry, Pupil diameter, White to white diameter) and corneal topographical parameters (Corneal eccentricity index, Average central corneal power, Fourier index) were measured using OA-2000 optical biometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Correlation between key ocular biometric parameters were analyzed using Pearson's correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 97 males (51.1%) and 93 females (48.9%), with a mean age of 11.99 ± 3.40 years. Mean flat and steep corneal radius of curvature were 7.91 ± 0.24 mm and 7.78 ± 0.24 mm, respectively. Mean axial length was 23.03 ± 0.67 mm, anterior chamber depth 3.55 ± 0.26 mm, lens thickness 3.56 ± 0.20 mm, pachymetry 527.4 ± 32.50 μm, pupil diameter 5.93 ± 0.69 mm, white-to-white diameter 12.02 ± 0.39 mm, and axial length to corneal radius ratio 2.93 ± 0.07. Males demonstrated significantly larger ocular biometric values than females for all parameters except lens thickness (p < 0.05). Axial length was positively correlated with corneal radius of curvature (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) and anterior chamber depth (r = 0.40, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Emmetropic Nepalese children exhibit significant gender-related differences for most of the ocular biometric parameters; however, the magnitude of these differences varied, and clinically meaningful differences were primarily noted for axial length and white-to-white diameter. These findings establish normative biometric and topographical data for the Nepalese pediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}