BMC Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Corneal nerve abnormalities in early-stage diabetic retinopathy evaluated by corneal confocal microscopy.","authors":"Yi Zhou, Xiangchen Li, Suhan Shi, Ziwei Guo, Beibei Shan, Linlin Xu, Yixiao Li, Jianxin Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03880-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03880-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the correlation between the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the changes in corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP) and corneal dendritic cells (DCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>58 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy participants underwent assessment of the corneal nerve. The DR group was divided into no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) and 29 eyes with mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). We collected the clinical data (gender, age, body mass index), laboratory indicators (fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin), and confocal laser scanning microscopy images for further analysis. Spearman rank correlation or Pearson correlation analyses were used to evaluate the relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the control group, all parameters of corneal nerves in the case group were significantly reduced (all P < 0.001). Similarly, the density of immature dendritic cells (DCs) in the NDR group (70.40 [49.10-87.50]) was significantly higher than that in patients with DR (22.80 [14.30-34.50]), while the density of mature DCs (27.80 [17.70-39.60]) was significantly lower than that in patients with DR (70.80 [47.20-90.40]) (all P < 0.001). The morphological score of DCs in the NPDR group (2.6 [2.4-2.8]) was significantly higher than that in the NDR group (1.80 [1.80-2.20]) (all P < 0.001). As diabetes progresses to the stage of diabetic retinopathy, there were significant negative correlations between inferior whorl length (IWL) (rho = -0.802, P < 0.001) and average nerve fiber length ( ANFL) (rho = -0.487, P < 0.001) with the occurrence of DR. Additionally, there were significant positive correlations between the density of mature DCs (rho = 0.704, P < 0.001) and corneal dendritic morphology (DCM)(rho = 0.791, P < 0.001) with the occurrence of DR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to patients with NDR, those with NPDR exhibited a reduction in corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD)and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and the length of corneal nerves in the inferior whorl (IW) was also reduced and showed a significant negative correlation with the presence of fundus lesions. Patients with DR had an increased density and morphological score of mature DCs in the cornea. These findings suggest that we should focus on the changes in corneal nerves when screening and diagnosing DR, and treatment should be considered for better prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graft-repositioning technique using infusion and small bubbles during Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty.","authors":"Toshiki Shimizu, Itaru Oyakawa, Daisuke Tomida, Hideaki Yokogawa, Akira Kobayashi, Satoru Yamagami, Takahiko Hayashi","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03879-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03879-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is a highly effective procedure for corneal endothelial dysfunction; however, once a DMEK graft is deployed, repositioning can be challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a technique that utilizes infusion and small air bubbles to reposition a misaligned deployed graft.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective interventional case series enrolled patients who underwent DMEK between January 2022 and July 2023, including cases where the DMEK graft was attached and unfolded in off-center positions\". Experienced surgeons performed DMEK by inserting an infusion cannula and positioning a small bubble in the anterior chamber after the graft unfolded off-center. The eye was tilted in a deviated direction, and the cornea was massaged from the corneal limbus to the center using a 27-gauge blunt needle. Before and after DMEK, we measured the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), and endothelial cell density (ECD). Additionally, we monitored the incidence of postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six eyes of six patients were included in this study. Postoperatively, the overall BSCVA and CCT of the eyes improved (P < 0.001). However, one eye developed recurrent uveitis and required a sub-Tenon's capsule triamcinolone acetonide injection. No eyes required re-bubbling, and no instances of primary graft failure were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The described technique enables the safe and feasible repositioning and unfolding of the DMEK graft.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post COVID glaucoma service redesign utilising electronic patient triage and community optometry clinics (Fife, Scotland 2020-2022).","authors":"Niharika Nalagatla, Shameela Parveen, Kelvin Kw Cheng, Caroline Styles, Andrew Blaikie, Peter Wilson, Bhavani Karri, David J Chinn, Roshini Sanders, Glaucoma Team, Lisa Wong, Alan Ramsay, Steven Halstead, Michelle Boulton, David Cummins, Colin Ferrier, Gavin Galloway, Elizabeth Embrey, Duncan Preston","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03882-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03882-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 caused a huge backlog of patients in glaucoma clinics. This study describes redesign of an entire glaucoma service with electronic patient triage to three levels and utilisation of the Scottish optometry infrastructure of upskilled optometrists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2276 patients in glaucoma clinics were identified and triaged to three levels in keeping with Glauc-strat-fast guidance with local amendments. Every patient detail was entered into a bespoke glaucoma database to include demographics, clinical findings and social deprivation scores. The database generated automatic patient, GP and optometrist letters. Level one patients (482) were discharged within the Scottish general optometry service contract. Level two patients (714) were discharged to glaucoma accredited community optometry clinics. The glaucoma consultants would discuss the optometry decision making through screen share once a week. Level three patients (1080) were retained in hospital. All outcomes were audited and analysed 24 months after the new service.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant parameters were found between the three groups, to include more normal eyes, less mean deviation on visual fields and less social deprivation in level one patients. After 24 months level one patients had a return rate of 40.2%, mainly for other diseases with only 20.4% retained within hospital or level two. 9.4% of level two patients returned to hospital with retention of only 2.7% in hospital at 24 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glaucoma patients in Scotland can be appropriately triaged to glaucoma accredited community optometry clinics. This frees capacity within hospital to see patients with moderate and severe disease in a timely fashion, for best visual outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11776110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phaeoisaria sp. fungal keratitis resembling corneal rust residue: a case report.","authors":"YingHan Zhao, MengYao Zhang, Jing Hong, YingYu Li, Pei Zhang, RongMei Peng","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03853-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03853-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fungal keratitis can develop after plant injury or after prolonged glucocorticoid use. Typical manifestations include corneal infiltrates, satellite lesions, plaques, and an immune ring. Some cases exhibit atypical signs, requiring reliance on etiological examination. Notably, fungi previously deemed nonpathogenic to humans can cause keratitis with rare clinical manifestations. This report details the clinical signs and successful treatment outcomes of keratitis caused by Phaeoisaria sp.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 51-year-old man visited the ophthalmology clinic with ongoing eye pain and a history of corneal iron foreign body removal two months earlier. Examination revealed a brownish ulcer with clear borders, swelling, and redness, indicating the presence of rust. Although the initial cultures were negative, a rare fungus called Phaeoisaria sp. was eventually identified as causative agent. The patient completed six weeks of antifungal treatment and showed no signs of recurrence at the 7-month follow-up visit.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with a history of corneal foreign bodies should also be informed of the possibility of atypical corneal fungal infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing structural and vascular parameters between advanced pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and primary open angle glaucoma using optical coherence tomography angiography.","authors":"Yadollah Eslami, Hamed Hosseinikhah-Manshadi, Samaneh Gholamhoseinpour-Omran, Sepideh Ghods, Samin Ghasemi, Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03883-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03883-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare structural and vascular parameters between advanced pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and six eyes of 81 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination and measurement of the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC). The vessel densities (VD) in the peripapillary and macular area were also determined using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A linear mixed model was used for the comparison of the structural and vascular parameters between groups with adjustment for type of glaucoma, age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP), and mean deviation (MD) of the visual field C24-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients in the PXG group were significantly older (68.06 ± 10.6 vs. 61.24 ± 15.23, p = 0.01) and had worse MD in the visual field C24-2 (-24.83 ± 6.18 vs. -22.37 ± 5.94, p = 0.04). Sex and IOP were comparable between groups (p > 0.05). Perippaillry RNFL and GCC thickness were not different between groups (p > 0.05). The PXG eyes showed lower VD in the average peripapillary area (32.67 ± 7.78 vs. 37.75 ± 8.87, p = 0.027) and nasal (37.45 ± 9.74 vs. 42.15 ± 7.36, p = 0.026) and inferior (38.09 ± 8.27 vs. 42.71 ± 9.13, p = 0.041) quadrants of parafovea.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The advanced PXG and POAG eyes have comparable structural defects in the peripapillary and inner macula while the PXG eyes may have more vascular deterioration, especially in the macula.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of the wide-field fundus photographs in eyes with severe stage 3 and stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity.","authors":"Sadik Etka Bayramoglu, Nihat Sayin, Gurkan Erdogan","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03869-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03869-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the quantitative differences between severe stage 3 and stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by evaluating the pre-treatment fundus photographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three eyes with clinical diagnosed as severe stage 3 were classified as severe stage 3 group. Twenty-two eyes with retinal detachment without foveal involvement were classified as stage 4A group. Quantitative measurements were performed on pre-treatment 130 degree fundus photographs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the severe Stage 3 group, dense fibrous membranes, vertical tractional bands, and dragging were detected in 18 eyes (55%), in 5 eyes (15%), and in none of the eyes, respectively. In the stage 4A group, dense fibrous membranes, vertical tractional bands, and dragging were detected in 21 eyes (96%), in 22(100%) eyes, and in 17 eyes (77%), respectively. Dragging and vertical tractional bands were higher in the Stage 4A group than in the severe stage 3 group (p = 0.000). Disc-to-fovea distance, the width of the fibrous membranes, the total area of the fibrous membranes, total retinoschisis, and detachment areas were significantly higher in the stage 4A group than in the severe stage 3 group (respectively, p = 0.000,p = 0.006, p = 0.024,p = 0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fibrous membranes and tractional bands can be detected in severe stage 3 ROP, but the width and the total area of the fibrous membranes and total retinoschisis-detachment area were found to be higher in stage 4A eyes. The dragging of the posterior pole can be an important diagnostic indicator for the diagnosis of stage 4A. Therefore this finding may be a simple auxiliary finding for diagnosis and prognosis of stage 4A ROP.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of ophthalmic manifestations in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV).","authors":"Jennifer L Rossen, Abdelhamid Hindi, Safa Rahmani, Brenda L Bohnsack","doi":"10.1186/s12886-024-03792-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-024-03792-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are associated with eye manifestations, especially in patients with systemic disease. However, there are no ophthalmic screening guidelines for infants with congenital CMV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review of pediatric patients (< 18 years old, 2010-2023) with a diagnosis of congenital CMV and at least 1 eye examination. Gestational age at birth, systemic findings, and ophthalmic findings at initial and final eye examinations were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-two patients (47% male) with congenital CMV underwent initial eye examination at 2.1 ± 2.9 years of age (median 0.3 years). Thirty-one patients (43%) only had one eye examination while 41 patients had follow-up (1 month-19 years). Fifty-two patients (72%) had systemic findings, most commonly hearing loss (50%), neurologic abnormalities (39%), and developmental delay (38%). Patients born < 36 weeks gestation (n = 15) had a higher rate of systemic findings, neurologic abnormalities, developmental delay, and intrauterine growth restriction compared to full-term patients. Twenty-four (33%) patients had ocular findings and all also had systemic manifestations. Strabismus (26%) and optic nerve abnormalities (17%) were most common. Only 2 patients (3%) were diagnosed with retinitis, which was detected at initial examination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One-third of patients with congenital CMV had ocular findings in conjunction with systemic manifestations. Retinitis was rare and detected on initial eye examination. While initial screening for retinitis is important, patients with systemic sequelae of congenital CMV are at risk for other eye manifestations and require continued follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spherical implantable collamer lens with postoperative adjunctive LASIK in the treatment of high compound hyperopic astigmatism.","authors":"Daniel Q Li, Mathieu Gauvin, Guillermo Rocha, Pierre Trottier, Louis Racine, Avi Wallerstein","doi":"10.1186/s12886-024-03828-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-024-03828-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess refractive and visual outcomes of a spherical Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) followed by planned postoperative adjunctive laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in the treatment of high compound hyperopic astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, multi-center, multi-surgeon, single-arm trial, eyes with ≥ 3.50 D hyperopia and ≥ 2.00 D of astigmatism underwent surgery receiving a spherical Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) followed by a planned adjunctive LASIK postoperatively. Outcomes measures included postoperative uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, spherical (SEQ) and defocus equivalent (DEQ), efficacy index, safety index, and astigmatism vector analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>48 eyes had a mean sphere of 6.18 ± 1.35 D and mean cylinder of 2.69 ± 0.89 D preoperatively. After ICL and LASIK, 94% of eyes achieved a UDVA within 1 line of preoperative CDVA. Efficacy and safety indices were 0.94 ± 0.13 and 1.00 ± 0.13, respectively. We obtained near-to-emmetropia SEQ postoperatively (mean - 0.03 ± 0.43D), and the scatterplot of attempted versus achieved refractive correction revealed a predictable procedure (R² = 0.89). 93.8% and 100% of eyes achieved target SEQ within 0.75 and 1.00 D. 87.5% and 100% of eyes were within 0.50 and 0.75 D of intended plano cylinder.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spherical ICL with postoperative adjunctive LASIK was safe with good early visual and refractive outcomes. The combined modality is a promising approach to treating high compound hyperopic astigmatism where toric hyperopic ICL is not available.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the trial registration number NCT06742541.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased aqueous humor levels of endothelin-1 in patients with open angle glaucoma.","authors":"Adam Hedberg-Buenz, Erin A Boese, Angela W Nyunt, Nathan C Sears, Andrew E Pouw, Kai Wang, John H Fingert","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-03861-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-03861-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictor and contributes to the regulation of vascular perfusion. Aberrant endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in aqueous humor have been reported across a variety of vascular diseases of the eye, including glaucoma. These findings suggest that dysregulation of ET-1 production may contribute to glaucoma pathophysiology. In this study, aqueous humor from patients undergoing ocular surgery was assayed for ET-1 abundance and related to the presence of glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Open angle glaucoma patients (n=62 total) from the ophthalmology clinics of the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics were enrolled in this study and organized into three distinct cohorts based on their diagnostic criteria, including those with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG, n=25 patients), normal tension glaucoma (NTG, n=17 patients), exfoliation glaucoma (XFG, n=8 patients), and normal controls (n=12 patients).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aqueous humor was collected intraoperatively from patients undergoing surgeries for glaucoma (including minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries, trabeculectomy, or glaucoma drainage device implantation) for samples in the glaucoma cohorts and cataract extraction for those in the control cohort. Aqueous humor was assayed by ELISA to measure and compare ET-1 abundance between the glaucoma cohorts and control cohort. ET-1 levels were also analyzed with linear regression to control for the covariates of age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ET-1 was significantly elevated in the aqueous humor of patients in the POAG (mean ± SD: 7.8 ± 5.1 pg/mL; p = 0.002) and NTG cohorts (6.1 ± 3.0 pg/mL; p = 0.030) compared to the control (4.0 ± 1.9 pg/mL). No significant difference in aqueous ET-1 was detected in the XFG cohort (6.2 ± 4.5 pg/mL; p = 0.230) compared to the control. Significantly higher ET-1 levels were detected in a merged grouping of all glaucoma cohorts (POAG, NTG, XFG) relative to controls (p = 0.021). Analysis of covariance indicated neither age nor sex was associated with ET-1 level (p = 0.60 and p = 0.27), respectively. Controlling for age and sex had minimal influence on the comparison of ET-1 levels in the POAG versus control cohort (p = 0.018) and nominal influence on the comparisons between the NTG (p = 0.089) or XFG cohort (p = 0.15) relative to the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated ET-1 in aqueous humor was associated with POAG and NTG compared to controls amongst cohorts of patients at the University of Iowa. These data suggest that dysregulation of vascular perfusion may have a role in the pathophysiology of POAG. The analyses of NTG and XFG samples were limited by the relatively small sample sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular inflammation after intravitreal injection of aflibercept 8 mg for treatment-refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a case report.","authors":"Nozomu Hashiya, Ichiro Maruko, Yuri Miyaguchi, Ruka Maruko, Taiji Hasegawa, Tomohiro Iida","doi":"10.1186/s12886-024-03827-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-024-03827-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To report a case of intraocular inflammation (IOI) after intravitreal injection of aflibercept 8 mg for treatment-refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>An 80-year-old man with diabetes mellitus had neovascular age-related macular degeneration refractory to treatment with aflibercept 2 mg. Despite ten injections of faricimab, the exudation remained, and we switched to brolucizumab, which resulted in a mild IOI. The IOI improved with only topical steroids, and we switched back to aflibercept 2 mg for the exudation. However, the exudation remained, and we decided to switch to aflibercept 8 mg after careful discussion with the patient. Two weeks later, he experienced minor ocular pain and photophobia. One month later, although a dry macula was achieved, severe visual impairment occurred due to anterior chamber inflammation, retinal vasculitis, and retinal vascular occlusion. We diagnosed the severe IOI following aflibercept 8 mg and immediately started steroid eye drops and a sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Although the inflammation resolved, his visual acuity did not improve.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case demonstrated a potential dose-dependent inflammatory response following aflibercept 8 mg, which did not occur with aflibercept 2 mg in patients with a history of intraocular inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}