BMC Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of retinal thickness and choroidal vascularity index after vitrectomy in idiopathic versus diabetic epiretinal membrane.","authors":"Ramazan Birgül, Merve Çetin","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05380-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-05380-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation, frequently encountered in retinal outpatient practice, is commonly caused by idiopathic and diabetic factors. In this surgically treated condition, choroidal changes occur alongside macular changes following ERM peeling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 36 patients who underwent ERM peeling were included in the study: 18 in the idiopathic group and 18 in the diabetic group. Preoperative and postoperative one-month macular and choroidal measurements were obtained using the Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography device. The CVI was calculated manually after segmenting the choroid using the ImageJ software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of age or sex. Preoperatively, statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of central foveal thickness (CFT), superior inner retinal thickness (SIRT), temporal inner retinal thickness (TIRT), and inferior inner retinal thickness (IIRT). Postoperatively, a significant difference was observed only in superior outer retinal thickness (SORT) and the CVI of the Haller layer. When the preoperative and postoperative periods were compared within the idiopathic group, significant differences were found in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), CFT, and total CVI. In the diabetic group, preoperative and postoperative comparison revealed significant differences in BCVA, CFT, SIRT, TIRT, IIRT, nasal inner retinal thickness, SORT, Sattler-CC CVI, and total CVI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although significant differences in retinal thickness were found between the two groups preoperatively, particularly in CFT and in certain sectors, these differences disappeared postoperatively, except for the SORT sector. This finding indicated that, although retinal thickness was greater in diabetic ERM before surgery, the ERM surgery itself may have produced similar effects on retinal thickness in both the idiopathic and diabetic ERMs in the early postoperative period. The choroidal structures were similar between the groups preoperatively; postoperatively, a difference was observed only in the CVI of the Haller layer. This finding suggests that surgery-related inflammatory changes and the associated increase in CVI were more evident in the diabetic group, despite similar preoperative CVI values between idiopathic and diabetic ERM cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of keratoconus among school children in Oman: a population-based study.","authors":"Zoelfigar Mohamed, Babu Noushad, Gopi Suresh Vankudre, Janitha Ayyappan, Aisha Alkaabi","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05382-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-026-05382-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of keratoconus (KC) among Omani school children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional, population-based, descriptive design study assessed a cohort of school students, aged 9 to 18 years from the Al Buraimi Governorate of Sultanate of Oman. They underwent comprehensive ocular examination, including auto-kerato-refractometry (ARK), retinoscopy, and corneal topography. Firth's penalized (bias-reduced) logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of KC and keratoconus suspect (KCS) status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 733 students participated (mean age 13.95 ± 2.19 years) and 67.4% were males. The prevalence of KC was 1.6% (95% CI: 0.85% - 2.84%), and 5.0% (95% CI: 3.58% - 6.89%) were classified as keratoconus suspect (KCS). Frequent eye rubbing (OR = 12.89, 95% CI: 3.45-70.12; p < 0.001) and parental consanguinity (OR = 14.74, 95% CI: 3.36-138.98; p < 0.001) were significant independent predictors of KC (model AUC = 0.91). No covariate was independently associated with KCS status after adjustment (model AUC = 0.60).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Keratoconus prevalence in this Omani school-age cohort is consistent with reports from the Middle East and, confirms a higher burden than in Western populations. Consanguinity and frequent eye rubbing as significant predictors of KC emphasize the value of genetic counselling and risk-factor awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of orthokeratology in eyes with myopic regression after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK): a retrospective clinical study of 12 eyes.","authors":"Anastasia Rotondi, Claudia Stratta, Claudia Colandrea, Mauro Frisani","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05335-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05335-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate long-term (5-year) refractive and corneal tomographic changes induced by overnight orthokeratology (OK) in eyes with myopic regression after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), with a focus on visual efficacy, mid-peripheral alignment-based lens-fitting methodology, and corneal safety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective study, based on data collected between January 2016 and March 2024, included 12 eyes (nine women and three men; mean age 38.6 ± 2.9 years) with myopic regression after PRK, representing the consecutive eligible patients who continued treatment out of 15 fitted (3 discontinued for compliance-related reasons), treated with specially designed overnight OK lenses for oblate corneal profiles. Sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent (SE), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), anterior and posterior keratometry at 3 mm, Mean Pupil Power (MPP), and central and thinnest corneal thickness (CCT, TCT) were assessed with a Sirius tomographer (CSO, Italy). Fitting was guided by mid-peripheral alignment zone analysis, and safety was monitored at each visit with a zero-tolerance criterion for corneal fluorescein staining. Paired differences were analysed with a Shapiro-Wilk normality test followed by a paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test as appropriate; bootstrap BCa 95% confidence intervals (B = 50,000) were computed for posterior keratometry, and effect sizes were reported as Hedges' g.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean sphere improved from -2.65 ± 0.82 D to -0.43 ± 0.28 D (p < 0.001; g = 2.57). SE improved from -3.09 ± 0.65 D to -0.76 ± 0.17 D (p < 0.001; g = 3.15). UCVA improved from 0.67 ± 0.18 to 0.05 ± 0.03 logMAR (p < 0.001; g = 3.31); 100% of patients achieved UCVA ≤ 0.10 logMAR at five years. Three parameters (cylinder, posterior K, MPP) departed from normality; paired t-test and Wilcoxon results were fully concordant for all nine parameters. Posterior K showed a mean change of +0.032 mm (Wilcoxon p = 0.021; bootstrap BCa 95% CI +0.012 to +0.068 mm), well below the ectasia threshold of 0.10 mm. No contact lens-induced corneal complications were observed during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this small retrospective case series, overnight orthokeratology was associated with sustained refractive and visual improvement over five years in eyes with myopic regression after PRK, and no serious adverse events were observed in these 12 patients. Effect sizes for the principal refractive and visual outcomes were large to very large; the change in cylinder was small and non-significant, and the posterior keratometry change was of medium magnitude and not clinically concerning. Given the small, uncontrolled cohort, these exploratory findings require confirmation in larger, prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of school teachers following an educational intervention in Skardu: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Khadijah Abid, Fariha Ali, Haroon Tayyab, Karim F Damji","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05373-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05373-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate within-participant changes in knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among school teachers following a structured educational intervention on children's eye health in Skardu District, Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-group pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted across 132 government schools in Skardu District, GB, Pakistan. A total of 264 full-time school teachers were purposively selected in consultation with district education authorities. A structured two-day paediatric eye health and vision screening training programme combined theory-based instruction with supervised hands-on practice and was delivered by ophthalmologists and optometrists. The primary outcomes were within-participant changes in knowledge (0-10), attitude (5-25) and self-reported practice (5-25) scores. Knowledge was reassessed immediately after training, while attitude and practice were reassessed 2-3 weeks later, after school-based screening activities had begun.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Knowledge showed the largest within-participant change, increasing from a median of 6 to 9, with an estimated paired location shift of 2.5 points (95% CI 2.0-3.0; p < 0.001; standardised Wilcoxon effect size r = 0.66, large). Self-reported practice increased from a median of 22 to 23, with an estimated paired location shift of 2.0 points (95% CI 1.5-2.5; p < 0.001; r = 0.39, moderate), although the absolute change in the median was modest. Attitude scores were high at baseline and showed a statistically significant but small-magnitude change; the median remained 23 (IQR 21-24 to 22-25), with an estimated paired location shift of 1.0 point (95% CI 0.5-1.5; p < 0.001; r = 0.27, small). Item-level knowledge gains were greatest for childhood cataract and glaucoma (+ 50.4% points) and recommended eye examination (+ 33.3% points). No evidence of differential change was detected across the examined teacher subgroups (all p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Following the structured two-day teacher-training programme, teachers demonstrated substantial within-participant gains in knowledge, a moderate improvement in self-reported practice, and a small change in attitude from an already high baseline. Because the study had no control group, used short-term follow-up, and relied on self-reported attitude and practice measures, the findings should not be interpreted as proof of causal effectiveness or sustained behavioural change. The results support further controlled and longer-term evaluation of teacher training as one component of school eye-health programmes in remote settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shallow and bullous retinal pigment epithelium elevations in age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Jost B Jonas, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Jie Xue, Rahul A Jonas, Ya Xing Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05315-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05315-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess prevalence and associations of shallow retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) elevations (RPEEs) and bullous RPE detachments (RPEDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Macular optical coherence tomographic images taken in the population-based Beijing Eye Study were examined for the presence of RPEEs/RPEDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study cohort of 953 eyes (mean age:63.3 ± 9.3years), RPEE/RPED prevalence increased from 0/376 (0%) in the normal group and 0/373 (0%) in the group with early AMD stage, to 33/199 (16.6%;95%CI:11.4,21.8) and 1/5 (20.0%;95%CI:0.0,75.5) in intermediate and late AMD, respectively. In intermediate AMD, prevalences of RPEEs and RPEDs were 30/199 (15.1%;95%CI:10.0,20.2) and 9/199 (4.5%;95%CI:1.5,7.5), respectively. Higher total RPEE/RPED prevalence was associated with higher AMD stage (OR:55.3;95%CI:14.4,327;P < 0.001), higher drusen number (OR:1,05;95%%CI:1.02,1.07;P < 0.001), lower prevalence of external limiting membrane defects (OR:0.19;95%CI:0.05,0.57;P = 0.003), in addition to male sex (OR:11.0;95%CI:3.37,45.5;P < 0.001) and higher serum concentration of triglycerides (OR:1.48;95%CI:1.20,1.89;P < 0.001). RPEE/RPED prevalence was not significantly associated with choroidal thickness as a whole (P = 0.55) or separated in a large-vessel choroidal layer (P = 0.86), medium-sized vessel layer (P = 0.66) or small-vessel layer (P = 0.24), prevalence (P = 0.97) and location of any intraretinal hyperreflective foci, and prevalence of reticular pseudodrusen (P = 0.57).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Any RPEE/RPED, RPEEs and RPEDs were found in 16.6%, 15.1% and 4.5% of eyes with intermediate AMD, respectively, with a higher RPEE/RPED prevalence correlating with higher drusen number, lower prevalence of external limiting membrane defects and higher serum concentration of triglycerides. The statistical independence of RPEEs/RPEDs from the prevalences of reticular pseudodrusen and intraretinal hyperreflective foci point to differences in their etiologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of patching therapy on dry eye tests and tear film osmolarity in children with amblyopia.","authors":"Zeynep Akgun, Elif Demirkilinc Biler, Melis Palamar","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05370-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05370-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare dry eye tests, meibography, and tear film osmolarity between eyes with and without patching therapy in amblyopic children and evaluate the effects of patching duration on these parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cooperative children aged between 4 and 12 years, with no history of ocular surgical intervention or ocular surface disease, who had been on patch therapy for at least 3 months due to monocular amblyopia, were included. Tear osmolarity was measured first, before any ocular surface manipulation, using the TearLab^® Osmolarity System (TearLab Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA). This was followed by tear film break-up time, fluorescein ocular surface staining, Schirmer 1 testing, and upper and lower eyelid meibography. Patients were divided into two groups based on daily patching duration (Group 1: 2-6 h/day, n = 21; Group 2: more than 6 h/day, n = 28). The findings were evaluated comparatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 98 eyes from 49 patients (22 females, 27 males), with a median age of 7 years (IQR: 5-8; range: 4-12), were included. There was no significant difference in age or gender between the two groups (p = 0.660, p = 0.089 respectively). T-BUT values were similar between the patched and unpatched amblyopic eyes [12 (10-13) vs. 12 (10-14) s; p = 0.129]. Oxford fluorescein staining also showed no significant between-eye difference (p = 1.000). Although osmolarity was higher in the patched eyes, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.162). There was no difference in median Schirmer values (p = 0.091). Although median osmolarity was higher and Schirmer 1 was lower in Group 2, these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.396, p = 0.633 respectively). Upper and lower eyelid meibography results were categorized based on the presence or absence of any deterioration (Grade 0: No deterioration; Grades 1-3: Any deterioration). No significant differences were found in upper or lower eyelid meibography findings between the patched and unpatched amblyopic eyes (p = 1.000 and p = 0.210, respectively), or between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0.740 and p = 0.737, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although patching is considered the gold standard for managing amblyopia, its effects on ocular surface homeostasis remain unclear. In this sample, no statistically significant differences were observed in dry eye tests, tear osmolarity, or meibography findings, and no measurable adverse effect on ocular surface parameters was demonstrated. Daily patching duration was also not significantly associated with these parameters. Larger prospective studies are needed to evaluate potential long-term effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related changes in corneal parameters in the Turkish population: a Pentacam-based study.","authors":"Denizcan Özizmirliler, İsmet Durak","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05365-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05365-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate anterior and posterior corneal surfaces and anterior segment parameters in the Turkish population using Pentacam, and to analyze age-related changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included healthy participants aged 3-86 years who underwent Pentacam imaging at Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine. Participant-level descriptive summaries were based on right-eye measurements, whereas inferential analyses incorporated both eyes using linear mixed-effects models with a participant-level random intercept. Age was evaluated both categorically (3-19, 20-39, 40-59, and ≥ 60 years) and continuously using centered linear and quadratic age terms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1202 eyes of 601 participants (49.1% male, 50.9% female; mean age 35.25 ± 23.02 years) were included. Age-group effects were supported for anterior K2, Kmean, Rflat, Rsteep, Rmean, anterior astigmatism magnitude and asphericity, posterior K1, posterior astigmatism magnitude and asphericity, thinnest corneal point, corneal volume, anterior chamber volume, and anterior chamber depth (nominal p < 0.05). Age effects for anterior K1, posterior K2, posterior Rsteep, and anterior and posterior steep astigmatism axes were laterality-dependent. Continuous-age models demonstrated quadratic trajectories for anterior K1, K2, Kmean, Rflat, Rsteep, Rmean, and anterior asphericity, with approximate turning points between 32 and 46 years. Thinnest corneal point, corneal volume, anterior chamber volume, and anterior chamber depth decreased with increasing age; the age slopes for anterior chamber volume and depth differed by sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pentacam-derived corneal and anterior segment parameters show non-uniform age-related variation. The most consistent changes involved anterior corneal curvature and shape, corneal and anterior chamber dimensions, whereas several posterior corneal and astigmatic-axis measures were laterality-dependent. These findings support age-aware interpretation of corneal tomography rather than a single uniform aging pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative OCT biomarkers and surgical outcomes after vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peeling for refractory diabetic macular edema: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Ozge Saritas, Elif Sahin, Yelda Yildiz Tasci, Yasin Toklu","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05352-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05352-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling may provide anatomical and functional benefit in selected eyes with refractory diabetic macular edema, but predictors of postoperative outcome remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with ERM and ILM peeling in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) and to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative OCT biomarkers for postoperative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty eyes of 30 patients with DME refractory to repeated intravitreal anti-VEGF and/or corticosteroid therapy underwent 25-gauge PPV with ERM and ILM peeling. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST), postoperative treatment requirement, and preoperative OCT biomarkers were evaluated. Associations between baseline OCT biomarkers and 12-month anatomical and functional outcomes were assessed using unadjusted analyses and multivariable regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean BCVA improved from 1.08 ± 0.52 logMAR at baseline to 0.65 ± 0.42 logMAR at 12 months (P < 0.001), while mean CST decreased from 533.80 ± 100.31 μm to 261.23 ± 34.31 μm (P < 0.001). Baseline DRIL was independently associated with worse 12-month BCVA (β = 0.399, 95% CI 0.035-0.762; P = 0.032). Eyes with intact EZ showed greater numerical visual improvement than those with EZ disruption, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.093). Absence of baseline HRF was associated with greater CST reduction in the unadjusted analysis (P < 0.001), but HRF was not independently associated with 12-month CST (P = 0.309). During postoperative follow-up, 22 eyes (73.3%) required no additional intravitreal treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PPV with ERM and ILM peeling was associated with significant anatomical and functional improvement in selected eyes with refractory DME. Among the preoperative OCT biomarkers evaluated, DRIL showed the most consistent prognostic association with postoperative visual outcome. Preoperative assessment of retinal microstructure may provide complementary information for visual prognostication and patient counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features and biometric profile of patients presenting with unilateral high myopia.","authors":"Savleen Kaur, Khushdeep Abhaypal, Hitisha Mittal, Jaspreet Sukhija","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-04977-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-04977-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unilateral myopia, though less common than bilateral myopia, presents unique clinical challenges. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children presenting with unilateral myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children presenting with unilateral high myopia at a tertiary care center, with a cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -5D in one eye and ≥ -3D in the other, between January 2022 and January 2023, were recruited. A comprehensive review of their birth records and ocular examination was undertaken. Ocular biometric parameters, including axial length (AL), keratometry (K), and lens thickness (LT), were measured by IOLMaster 700, and the progress of refractive error since diagnosis was noted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study analyzed 25 patients with a mean age of 11.9 years (1-12 years) and a mean follow-up of 24.45 ± 2.4 months. Axial myopia was found in 84% of patients, and optic nerve abnormalities were present in 40%. There was associated amblyopia in 32%. The difference in the inter-eye AL, K, and LT was 0.85 ± 0.45 mm, 0.35 ± 0.20 D, and 0.12 ± 0.05 mm. Mean annual myopic progression in these eyes was 0.74 D (0.2-1.5 D).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Unilateral myopia in a samples Indian population presents unique clinical characteristics. Unilateral axial myopia in a patient should prompt us to take a detailed birth history and look for optic nerve abnormalities. Amblyopia is seen in a significant proportion of unilateral myopes, and their myopic progression was 0.74D/year in our cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid choroidal neovascularization after non-flap internal limiting membrane peeling for macular hole in a patient with AMD: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Buğra Karasu, Büşra Yılmaz Tuğan, Enes Kesim, Serkan Özen","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05307-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05307-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) following macular hole (MH) surgery is a rare complication. While the exact pathogenesis remains unclear, previous reports in the literature suggest that it can occur in patients with pre-existing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or macular drusen. In this report, we present a case that highlights the potential biomechanical triggers of this complication in an eye with AMD.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 70-year-old female patient with AMD who presented with a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). She underwent an uncomplicated 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with brilliant blue G-assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and perfluoropropane gas tamponade. Notably, the ILM flap technique was not utilized; only standard, non-flap peeling without intraoperative complications was performed. Just 6 weeks postoperatively, the patient experienced a sudden decline in visual acuity due to the rapid development of CNV at the border of the ILM peeled-off area. Intravitreal aflibercept treatment was subsequently planned.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case suggests that, in eyes with underlying AMD, CNV may develop rapidly after standard ILM peeling even without an ILM flap technique. Biomechanical stress related to ILM removal, potentially involving macular displacement and mechanical stress on Müller cells, may be a possible contributing factor, but causality cannot be established from a single case. Physicians should maintain high vigilance for this vision-threatening complication during the early postoperative period after MH surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}