BMC Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"The effect of cycloplegia on corneal power and diameter measured by an auto-kerato-refractometer in presbyopic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Navid Elmi Sadr, Leila Ghiasian, Yasaman Hadi, Ramyar Hariri","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05351-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05351-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To assess the effect of cycloplegia on keratometry and horizontal white to white (WTW) measurements in presbyopic patients with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The post-hoc analysis included 88 eyes from 88 patients with type 2 diabetes aged >40 years. Flat keratometry (Kf), steep keratometry (Ks), mean keratometry (Km), corneal astigmatism (CA), and WTW were measured using the RC-5000 auto kerato-refractometer (Tomey Inc., Nagoya, Japan), before and thirty minutes after the instillation of two drops (administered five minutes apart) of either 0.5% (46 patients) or 1% tropicamide (42 patients).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean changes in Kf, Ks, Km, CA, and WTW were - 0.01 ± 0.26 D, -0.05 ± 0.23 D, -0.03 ± 0.19 D, -0.04 ± 0.31 D, and 0.05 ± 0.24 mm, respectively, in the 0.5% tropicamide group. These values were - 0.07 ± 0.28 D, 0.01 ± 0.23 D, -0.03 ± 0.21 D, 0.08 ± 0.29 D, and 0.04 ± 0.15 mm, respectively, in the 1% tropicamide group. The changes following cycloplegia were not statistically significant (P ˃ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Post-cycloplegia keratometry and WTW measurements were comparable to pre-cycloplegia values in presbyopic patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that these measurements can be reliably obtained after cycloplegia.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>IRCT.ir, registration number: IRCT20200829048553N1, 2021-05-31.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov, ID: NCT04932213, 2021-06-21.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular manifestations of lichen planus: a comparative analysis of tear function, choroidal thickness, and retinal parameters.","authors":"Furkan Çiftci, İsa An, Gökhan Çelik, Tuncay Karaçocuk","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05348-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05348-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To assess tear function, retinal and choroidal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in patients with lichen planus (LP) compared with healthy controls with comparable age and sex distribution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective case-control study included 35 participants with LP and 35 healthy control participants. Only the right eye of each participant was included in the analysis. Tear function was evaluated using the Schirmer I test and tear break-up time (TBUT). Axial length (AL) was measured using optical biometry, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by pneumotonometry, whereas central retinal thickness (CRT), RNFL thickness, and GCC thickness were assessed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Choroidal thickness was measured at the subfoveal, nasal 1500 μm, and temporal 1500 μm regions using enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT). Intraobserver reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with LP demonstrated significantly lower Schirmer I test and TBUT values than controls (Schirmer I: 10.34 ± 2.17 mm vs. 18.37 ± 2.35 mm; TBUT: 10.74 ± 1.99 s vs. 13.06 ± 0.64 s; both p < 0.001). The pre-specified primary choroidal outcome, SFCT, was significantly lower in the LP group than in the control group (299.43 ± 30.03 μm vs. 345.40 ± 41.89 μm; p < 0.001). The secondary choroidal outcomes were also lower at the nasal 1500 μm region (272.23 ± 62.36 μm vs. 303.60 ± 42.09 μm; p = 0.041) and temporal 1500 μm region (283.43 ± 66.56 μm vs. 328.20 ± 42.51 μm; p = 0.011). No significant differences were observed in AL, IOP, CRT, RNFL thickness, or GCC thickness between the overall LP and control groups. In the exploratory subgroup analysis, GCC thickness was lower in patients with oral involvement than in those with cutaneous-only LP in the unadjusted comparison; however, this difference did not remain significant after Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction. No significant correlations were identified between disease duration and ocular parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LP may be associated with reduced tear function and lower choroidal thickness, while overall retinal structural parameters were comparable with those of healthy controls. The GCC finding in the oral involvement subgroup should be regarded as exploratory and interpreted cautiously. Larger longitudinal studies incorporating standardized disease activity assessment, dry eye symptom scoring, and advanced vascular imaging are needed to clarify the ocular implications of LP.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13599258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' perception of common childhood eye diseases: a community-based cross-sectional study.","authors":"Walaa Abdullah Aldairi, Nouran Alshehri, May Alkhaldi, Abdulmalek W Alhithlool, Ossama M Zakaria","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05244-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05244-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood eye diseases can significantly affect vision. This may have a negative impact on mental development, academic performance, and quality of life when not detected early. Parents are often the first to notice eye problems in their children. However, awareness of common pediatric eye conditions remains variable. This study aimed to assess parents' awareness, attitudes, and practices as regards childhood eye diseases in a local community setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among parents of children aged 18 years or younger in a local community setting. A quick response (QR) code was used to distribute a pre-tested questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of common pediatric eye diseases. Parents' perception of pediatric eye diseases and their management was also evaluated. This was performed via a Likert-scale scoring system, and total knowledge scores were classified at the median into two levels, poor and good. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of King Faisal University, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), with chi-square tests and multiple linear regression applied where appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 267 parents were included, of whom 181 (67.8%) were females. Nearly half (46.1%) reported that their child had an existing eye condition, with refractive errors being the most common (49.5%). Awareness was moderate. Overall, 163 participants (61.0%) agreed that wearing glasses before the age of 7 years supports normal visual development, and 167 (62.5%) recognised that early treatment of amblyopia leads to better outcomes. Gaps were also identified among the study population, as 92 (34.5%) correctly defined cataract and 126 (47.2%) believed that occasional eye deviation in young children is normal. As per the participating parents' practice, 178 (66.7%) reported that their child had undergone an eye examination. Among them, 37 (13.9%) had their first examination before one year of age. Moreover, attitudes were generally positive, with 230 (86.1%) agreeing that children should wear glasses if needed and 167 (62.5%) willing to accept surgical intervention. No statistically significant association was found between knowledge levels and any sociodemographic variable (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parental awareness of childhood eye diseases in this community was variable, with some misconceptions and gaps in preventive practices. Knowledge levels were not associated with the sociodemographic variables assessed. Community-wide health education and school-based screening may help support earlier detection of childhood eye diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor alignment and sensory outcomes in pediatric patients with basic-type intermittent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus recession versus unilateral recession-resection.","authors":"Merve Simsek, Mehmet Cem Sabaner, Nida Yunlu, Cem Simsek, Goksu Alacamli, Ozlem Barut Selver","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05339-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05339-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare motor alignment and sensory outcomes after bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) versus unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection (R&R) in children with basic-type intermittent exotropia (IXT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 48 patients with basic-type IXT who underwent BLR (n = 26) or unilateral R&R (n = 22). Assessments were performed preoperatively and at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively. Deviation angles were measured in prism diopters (PD). Near stereopsis was analyzed after log transformation, and sensory status was evaluated using the Worth 4-dot test. The primary outcome was 1-year motor success, defined as a residual deviation ≤ 10 PD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (all p > 0.05). Motor success rates were comparable between BLR and R&R at 1 month (92% vs. 91%; p = 1.000) and 1 year (88% vs. 86%; p = 1.000). Orthophoria rates (77% vs. 68%; p = 0.497) and reoperation rates (12% vs. 14%; p = 0.827) were also similar. Deviation decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001). Stereopsis improved postoperatively and was maintained at 1 year (p < 0.001). In an exploratory multivariable analysis, higher preoperative deviation was associated with lower odds of motor success (aOR 0.71; p = 0.024); however, this estimate should be interpreted cautiously because of the limited number of failure events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BLR and unilateral R&R yielded comparable motor and sensory outcomes at 1 year postoperatively in basic-type IXT. The exploratory association between higher preoperative deviation and lower motor success requires confirmation in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete blood count-derived inflammatory parameters in pediatric idiopathic uveitis.","authors":"Sema Nur Taşkın, Şeyda Doğantan, Dilbade Yıldız Ekici","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05343-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05343-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric idiopathic uveitis is a potentially vision-threatening inflammatory condition with limited available laboratory biomarkers for disease monitoring. Complete blood count (CBC)-derived inflammatory parameters have emerged as inexpensive and accessible markers of systemic inflammation in various inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of CBC-derived inflammatory parameters in pediatric idiopathic uveitis and their association with disease activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 40 children with idiopathic uveitis and 44 age-matched healthy controls. Comparisons were performed between patients with active uveitis and healthy controls, between patients in remission and healthy controls, and between the active and remission phases of the same patients. The same patients were evaluated during both active disease and remission periods. Patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, acute infection, systemic disease, or corticosteroid use at the time of blood sampling were excluded. Hematological parameters including white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and platelet-to-monocyte ratio (PMR) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 40 children with idiopathic uveitis, all of whom had normal CRP levels, and 44 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Compared with healthy controls, patients during the active phase had significantly higher WBC, RDW, PLT, MPV, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and PMR values (all p < 0.05). During remission, RDW, PLT, MPV, and lymphocyte counts remained significantly elevated, whereas NLR values were lower than those of healthy controls, with borderline statistical significance (p = 0.049). In paired comparisons, WBC, PLT, neutrophil count, and PMR values were significantly higher during active disease than during remission, whereas MPV values were significantly higher during remission (all p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CBC-derived inflammatory parameters, particularly RDW, platelet-related indices, and PMR, may reflect inflammatory activity in pediatric idiopathic uveitis despite normal CRP levels. Persistent alterations during remission may indicate ongoing subclinical inflammation. These inexpensive and readily available parameters may serve as complementary biomarkers in disease evaluation and follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does abnormal head posture aid in amblyopia prevention?","authors":"Masoud Khorrami-Nejad, Mohamad Reza Akbari, Babak Masoomian, Hassan Qahtan, Kimia Daneshvar, Arash Mirmohmmadsadeghi","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05311-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05311-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the prevalence and severity of unilateral amblyopia in patients with ocular abnormal head posture (AHP) and to investigate whether the presence of compensatory head posturing provides protection against the development of amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the medical records of 1400 patients with various etiologies of AHP were reviewed. This cohort included individuals with congenital superior oblique palsy (SOP) (n = 758), Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) (n = 582), and Brown syndrome (n = 60), all of whom were candidates for surgical treatment at Farabi Eye Hospital, Iran from 2015 to 2022. Unilateral amblyopia was defined based on the presence of ≥ 2 Snellen line difference in CDVA and CDVA being worse than 0.1 logMAR in the amblyopic eye.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ages of patients with congenital SOP, DRS, and Brown syndrome were 12.8 ± 12.9 years, 19.3 ± 11.9 years, and 9.0 ± 7.0 years, respectively. The prevalence of amblyopia among patients with congenital SOP, DRS, and Brown syndrome was 65 (8.6%), 117 (20.1%), and 11 (18.3%), respectively. In the DRS group, patients without AHP had a significantly higher prevalence of amblyopia (26.4%) compared to those with AHP (18.1%) (P = 0.039). However, in the congenital SOP and Brown syndrome groups, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of amblyopia between patients with and without AHP (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the horizontal and vertical angles of deviation in primary position between groups of patients with and without AHP or amblyopia across all three ocular pathologies (all P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of unilateral amblyopia among patients with ocular AHP, despite the presence of compensatory head posturing, indicates that while AHP can aid in maintaining binocular vision, it does not guarantee complete protection against the development of amblyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular vessel density in highly myopic eyes with a history of uncomplicated cataract surgery: a cross-sectional OCTA study.","authors":"Mehmet Egemen Karataş, Dilek Güven, Mehmet Demir, Semra Tiryaki Demir","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05341-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05341-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High myopia is associated with structural and microvascular retinal alterations. However, macular microvascular characteristics in highly myopic eyes with a history of cataract surgery remain insufficiently characterized, particularly in comparison with non-operated highly myopic eyes. This study aimed to compare macular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters between highly myopic eyes with and without a history of uncomplicated cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, observational study included 61 eyes of 37 highly myopic patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery as the study group and 71 eyes of 42 non-operated highly myopic patients as the control group. Retinal vascular structures in the macular regions were examined in detail and quantitatively assessed using optical coherence tomography and OCTA. Data from these two groups were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age, sex, best corrected visual acuity, or axial length. The mean surgery-to-imaging interval in the study group was 18.2 months. Significantly lower superficial and deep capillary plexus vessel density was observed in most evaluated macular regions in the study group compared with the control group. However, no significant difference was found in the foveal avascular zone area between the groups (p = 0.808).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Highly myopic eyes with a history of uncomplicated cataract surgery had lower macular vessel density than non-operated highly myopic eyes at a later postoperative assessment. Because of the cross-sectional design, these findings represent between-group differences and do not establish postoperative change or a causal effect of cataract surgery. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these vascular differences and their potential relationship with visual function.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten-year outcomes of endothelial keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty in Hong Kong: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Anson Chun Long Wu, Ka Wai Kam, Eugenie Mok, Stephanie Hiu Wai Kwok, Alvin Lerrmann Young","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05332-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05332-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study compares the long-term survival of primary endothelial (DSEK/DSAEK) versus penetrating keratoplasty in Hong Kong patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED) or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A ten-year retrospective cohort of patients who received primary Descemet stripping (automated) endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK/DSAEK) or penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for either FED or PBK at an academic ophthalmology department in Hong Kong between 2006 and 2015 was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four eyes of 65 patients received primary keratoplasties with 95 months of mean follow-up, comprising 41 DSEK/DSAEK and 33 PKP. Overall graft survival rates were 76.1% at 5 years and 55.0% at 10 years. DSEK/DSAEK demonstrated higher survival rates than PKP, with 82.1% versus 68.8% survival at 5 years (P = 0.31) and 63.8% versus 43.5% at 10 years (P = 0.15). Older age was associated with graft failure risk. DSEK/DSAEK eyes had better observed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 5 years (P = 0.006), although this difference was attenuated after adjustment for preoperative BCVA, and the visual difference was no longer apparent at 10 years (P = 0.42). Graft ulcers occurred in fewer eyes receiving DSEK/DSAEK (4.9%) compared to PKP (21.2%) at 10 years (P = 0.033). The cumulative rejection rates were 12.2% for DSEK/DSAEK and 9.1% for PKP at 10 years (P = 0.67) while 14.6% of DSEK/DSAEK and 12.1% of PKP required a re-graft (P = 0.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both primary DSEK/DSAEK and PKP provided meaningful long-term graft survival in this Hong Kong cohort of patients with FED or PBK. DSEK/DSAEK eyes had better observed BCVA at 5 years, although this association was attenuated after adjustment for preoperative BCVA, and the visual difference was no longer apparent at 10 years. DSEK/DSAEK was associated with fewer graft ulcers, while rejection and re-graft rates were similar between groups. These findings should be interpreted in the context of the retrospective design, baseline differences between treatment groups, small subgroup sample sizes, and the historical DSEK/DSAEK techniques represented in this cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148966515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical practice patterns in uveitic cataract surgery: a national survey.","authors":"Maham Imran, Muhammad Imran Saleem Channar, Sarmad Imran, Maryum Khilji, Bijay Tamang, Abdulhadi M A Mahgoub, Mohammedsadeq A Shweliya","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05328-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05328-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cataract is a frequent and visually significant complication of uveitis, yet perioperative management practices vary widely and are not always guided by standardized protocols, particularly in settings such as Pakistan where uveitis is relatively common. This study aimed to describe current perioperative management practices for uveitic cataract among ophthalmologists in Pakistan, providing an observational baseline to inform future evidence-based consensus rather than prescribing clinical recommendations, and to explore variations based on clinician experience and case volume.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional survey included fellowship-trained ophthalmologists in Pakistan actively managing uveitic cataract. A structured, expert-validated questionnaire assessed perioperative inflammation control, intraoperative strategies, postoperative regimens, clinical decision-making, and attitudes toward national guidelines. The survey was administered electronically from December 2025 to February 2026. Responses were stratified by clinical experience and annual case volume, and statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-one ophthalmologists responded (51% response rate); 68.6% had ≤ 10 years of post-fellowship experience. A quiescent period of ≥ 3 months was the most common determinant of surgical timing (72.5%). Preoperatively, intensified topical corticosteroids were widely used (72.5%), and nearly half prescribed short systemic steroids (49.0%). Combined pharmacologic-mechanical strategies were preferred intraoperatively (74.5%), and 80.4% routinely implanted a primary IOL when capsular support was adequate, most commonly hydrophobic acrylic (49.0%). Postoperatively, 62.7% used systemic steroids routinely in all cases, and 47.1% routinely prescribed topical NSAIDs for cystoid macular edema prophylaxis. Preoperative macular integrity on OCT was most often identified as the strongest predictor of visual gain (45.1%). Significant differences in steroid intensification and NSAID use were observed according to surgeon experience (p < 0.05). Overall, 84.3% supported development of national standardized guidelines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among surveyed Pakistani ophthalmologists, significant variability exists in perioperative management of uveitic cataract surgery, influenced by surgeon experience and annual case volume. These findings offer a regional baseline; standardized national guidelines, informed by broader consensus-building, may improve consistency and outcomes in this complex patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148954920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of radial peripapillary capillary plexus vessel density after retrobulbar block in cataract surgery: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Alper Can Yilmaz, H Saltuk Songur, Onder Ayyildiz, Fatih Mehmet Mutlu","doi":"10.1186/s12886-026-05324-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-026-05324-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of retrobulbar anesthesia administered before phacoemulsification on radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) plexus vessel density (VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective randomized comparative study, 72 consecutive patients undergoing phacoemulsification were randomly assigned to topical anesthesia (n = 36) or retrobulbar anesthesia (n = 36). OCTA imaging was performed preoperatively and repeated at postoperative week 1 and month 1. En face OCTA scans centered on the optic nerve head (4.5 × 4.5 mm) were used to quantify RPC plexus VD automatically using AngioAnalytics™ software. The primary outcome was change in RPC VD over time. Between-group and longitudinal comparisons were performed, including repeated-measures analysis to evaluate group-by-time interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant changes in RPC plexus VD were observed within either group at postoperative week 1 or month 1 compared with baseline (all p > 0.05). Likewise, no significant differences were detected between the topical and retrobulbar anesthesia groups at any evaluated time point or in the magnitude of VD change from baseline to month 1 (all p > 0.05). Effect size analyses demonstrated only small between-group differences, and all corresponding 95% confidence intervals included zero. Repeated-measures analysis revealed no significant group-by-time interaction for any RPC VD parameter (all p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Retrobulbar anesthesia was not associated with detectable persistent changes in RPC plexus VD at postoperative week 1 or month 1 after uncomplicated phacoemulsification. No clinically meaningful differences in RPC VD were observed between retrobulbar and topical anesthesia. Further studies incorporating earlier postoperative OCTA assessments are warranted to evaluate potential transient vascular effects.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN13084070. Registered on 26 June 2026; retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}