BMC Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Halo sign in keratoconus: a case report.","authors":"Hui He, Lijun Qu","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04400-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04400-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are several clinical signs that may contribute to the diagnosis of keratoconus. Their appearance is associated with the evolution of keratoconus. In this case, the formation of a halo on the iris in a patient with stage IV keratoconus was reported. This halo sigh is a novel one and has not been reported earlier.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 30-year-old woman presented to the ophthalmology clinic with one year history of vision deterioration to finger counting in her left eye. A diagnosis of keratoconus was made due to the inferior-central corneal steepening and thinning. When the slit-lamp light projects onto the cone, a halo forms on the iris and shifts its shape and location as the irradiation angle changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A halo sign was observed on the iris of a patient with stage IV keratoconus (Amsler-Krumeich classification) when the slit-lamp beam was projected onto the corneal cone.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression of diabetic retinopathy in a longitudinal real-world study of patients in primary care.","authors":"Geeta Lalwani, Charles C Wykoff, Jayla Briggs, Chin-Yu Lin, Verena Steffen, Zdenka Haskova","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04307-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04307-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity on the risk of DR progression to proliferative DR (PDR) or clinically significant macular edema (CSME) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective, longitudinal, non-interventional, and observational cohort study of patients with DM in the United States based on a database of 7-field color fundus photograph images from primary care visits. Study participants were adults aged ≥ 18 years who underwent DR screening in either eye between January 1999 and December 2016. DR severity was graded according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study-Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (ETDRS-DRSS) on 7-field color fundus photographs. The main outcomes were ≥ 2-step DR worsening and development of CSME, PDR, or CSME and PDR together.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For all 41,977 eyes evaluated, the proportion of eyes with ≥ 2-step DR worsening was 2.7% at year 2 and 9.6% at year 5. Rate of ≥ 2-step DR worsening was greatest among eyes with moderate-to-severe NPDR with baseline DRSS 43-53 (36.5% at year 5). Analysis of PDR and CSME outcomes showed the presence of 3 distinct clinical phenotypes: 1 subset progressed to CSME (1.24% at year 5), another to PDR (0.49% at year 5), and only a small subset progressed to both vision-threatening forms of DR (0.10% at year 5). The clinical phenotype did not appear to be dependent on baseline DRSS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the risk of progression to vision-threatening forms of DR was more pronounced in eyes with moderate-to-severe non-proliferative DR at baseline. In addition, we found that distinct DR clinical subtypes progressing to either PDR and/or CSME over a 5-year period are not driven by baseline DR severity, suggesting other factors may contribute.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral contraceptive use and intraocular pressure: findings from a population-based cross-sectional study.","authors":"Rozhin Kasiri, Zahra Rahimi, Farideh Moramezi, Elham Zanganeh Yousefabadi, Abbas Mohammadi, Ali Kasiri, Mohammad Armin Kasiri","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04413-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04413-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12498444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The safety and efficacy of posterior scleral reinforcement with bovine pericardial patch in progressive high myopia: a retrospective study.","authors":"Yuting Gao, Yuzhu Luo, Yunhui Zhao, Xinchen Wang, Tongcheng Xu, Jingjing Ding, Xueyan Li, Peng Ding, Heting Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04393-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04393-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To observe the safety and efficacy of posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) with a bovine pericardial patch in patients with progressive high myopia over a 1-year follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen eyes of 11 patients with progressive high myopia who underwent the PSR surgery were followed up with measurements of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) at baseline, 1 and 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preoperative AL (29.55 ± 1.43 mm) was decreased to 28.95 ± 1.48 mm at 1 month post-PSR surgery and elongated to 29.68 ± 1.45 mm at the end of the follow-ups. The SE decreased from - 15.13 ± 3.43 diopters (D) preoperatively to - 14.43 ± 4.07D at 1 month post-PSR surgery and increased to - 15.25 ± 3.08D at the end of the follow-ups. BCVA remained relatively stable, with no statistically significant differences observed during the 1-year follow-up. The postoperative BCVA improved in eight eyes (62%). No serious postoperative complications were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The modified Snyder-Thompson PSR surgery utilizing a bovine pericardial patch has the potential to delay AL elongation over a one-year postoperative period.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipidomic analysis of vitreous humor derived from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Jiawei Wang, Zheyi Shao, Wanna Li, Yihan Zhao, Shiqiang Li, Chenzhao Ma, Jianqiao Li","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04347-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04347-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive overview: deep learning approaches to central serous chorioretinopathy diagnosis.","authors":"Mohammad Shojaeinia, Azamossadat Hosseini, Mostafa Naderi, Bardia Baloutch, Mohammad Shokoohi Yekta, Leila Akbarpour, Hamid Moghaddasi","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04372-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04372-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To synthesize evidence on deep learning applications for diagnosing central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), a macular disorder associated with vision loss, this systematic review categorized studies by diagnostic task and imaging modality. The study evaluates advances in deep learning performance, clinical integration potential, dataset limitations, and the contributions of multimodal imaging and Explainable AI (XAI) to diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore, including peer-reviewed English-language studies published from January 1990 to February 2024 that reported quantitative deep learning metrics for CSCR diagnosis. A two-stage selection process was applied (Cohen's κ = 0.84), resulting in 96 studies for analysis. Risk of bias was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool, and data were synthesized by imaging modality, model architecture, and diagnostic task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Deep learning models demonstrate exceptional performance in CSCR diagnosis. DenseNet architectures applied to optical coherence tomography (OCT) images achieved peak Metrics, including 99.78% accuracy, 99.68% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. Segmentation models for subretinal fluid (SRF) reported Dice scores of up to 0.965, while multimodal models for differential diagnosis achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.999. Despite these advances, clinical adoption remains limited by several challenges: scarce and imbalanced datasets (e.g., SRF/non-SRF ratio of 1:8), lack of open-access datasets and models, risks of overfitting, and insufficient external validation. Emerging approaches, such as few-shot learning and diffusion models, are promising for mitigating data constraints; however, improvements in dataset quality and the implementation of rigorous cross-institutional validation are essential for real-world deployment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By leveraging OCT and multimodal imaging data, deep learning has the potential to transform CSCR diagnosis through enhanced accuracy and automation. However, translating these advances into routine clinical practice necessitates overcoming key challenges, including limited and heterogeneous datasets and models with restricted generalizability. Future research should prioritize standardized reporting frameworks, transparent model interpretability through XAI, and rigorous large-scale validation. Essential strategies include employing federated learning to leverage distributed data, implementing effective multimodal fusion techniques, and fostering collaborative frameworks to improve diagnostic accuracy, ensure algorithmic fairness, and enable real-world clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes of LAN microhook-assisted goniotomy combined with phacoemulsification in mid-to-late primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataract.","authors":"Mei Li, Yuanhui Jin, Jian Wu, Jiangjian Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04391-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04391-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the clinical efficacy of goniotomy assisted by the LAN microhook goniotomy knife (LAN microhook), combined with phacoemulsification, in managing mid-to-late-stage primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with cataract in a prospective observational context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 33 patients (53 eyes) diagnosed with mid-to-late-stage PACG and cataract were recruited between February 2024 and November 2024. Preoperative and six-month postoperative data were collected, including intraocular pressure (IOP), antiglaucoma medication use, anterior chamber depth (ACD), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR), and surgical complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, IOP was 18.26 ± 4.52 mmHg and declined to 14.11 ± 2.87 mmHg at Month 6. The mean number of antiglaucoma medications were 1.91 ± 0.81 preoperatively, and all patients discontinued medications by Month 6. ACD increased from 2.36 ± 0.39 mm preoperatively to 3.68 ± 0.75 mm at Month 6.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Goniotomy using the LAN microhook combined with phacoemulsification appears to effectively deepen the anterior chamber, lower IOP, improve visual acuity, and eliminate the need for antiglaucoma medication in patients with mid-to-late-stage PACG and cataract.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ocular frostbite involving cornea caused by low-temperature environment.","authors":"Yue Yin, Lan Gong","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04390-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04390-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Corneal frostbite is a rarely reported condition, with unique pathophysiological characteristics distinct from classical frostbite of the extremities due to the cornea's specific anatomy and physiology.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case of corneal frostbite caused by natural environmental exposure. Following a 3-hour marathon on ice at temperatures ranging from - 16 °C to -23 °C, the patient developed blurred vision in the right eye and bilateral photophobia with eye irritation. Clinical examination revealed stromal and endothelial edema of cornea in the right eye, with bilateral punctate corneal epithelial defects and conjunctival congestion. After 4 weeks of topical treatment, the patient's visual acuity and epithelial integrity were fully restored, though a permanent filiform endothelial scar remained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under the condition of corneal frostbite, the formation of ice crystals possibly directly damage both the epithelial and endothelial layers. This case report provides valuable insights for future research in ophthalmic emergency medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of spherophakia-induced angle closure and retinal dysfunction in association with Klinefelter syndrome.","authors":"Yuan Zhao, Yuxin Tong, Le Jin, Rongrong Hu, Xiaoyu Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04352-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04352-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lens tilt and decentration in a Chinese population with age-related cataracts and their influencing factors.","authors":"Jing Li, Fangyu Zhao, Luning Qin, Fang Tian, Yuanfeng Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04362-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04362-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgroud: </strong>To statistically analyze the distribution characteristics and related influencing factors of lens decentration and tilt in Chinese patients with age-related cataracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study collected basic information and measurement results of patients with age-related cataracts scheduled for surgery. Axial length (AL) was recorded using the IOL Master 700. Corneal topography and lens biometrics were obtained using CASIA 2, and parameters including mean keratometry (Km), keratometric corneal astigmatism, white-to-white distance, horizontal angle-to-angle distance, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness (LT), lens decentration, lens tilt, anterior/posterior lens surface curvature radius (ALR/PLR), and lens equator diameter were documented. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlations between these ocular parameters and lens tilt and decentration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 750 eyes from 750 patients were included. The lens tilted an average of 4.57° towards the inferotemporal direction, with an average decentration of 0.15 mm. Among these, 3.73% (28 eyes) exhibited tilt ≥ 7°, while 6.27% (47 eyes) showed decentration ≥ 0.3 mm. Multivariate regression analysis showed that lens tilt was negatively correlated with AL (p < 0.001) and PLR (p = 0.028). Lens decentration was positively correlated with age and AL, and negatively correlated with LT and ALR (all p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with age-related cataracts, there is a certain degree of lens tilt and decentration. Greater lens tilt is associated with shorter AL and smaller PLR. Greater lens decentration is associated with longer AL, smaller ALR, thinner lens, and older age.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}