BMC Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Lens tilt and decentration in a Chinese population with age-related cataracts and their influencing factors.","authors":"Jing Li, Fangyu Zhao, Luning Qin, Fang Tian, Yuanfeng Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04362-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04362-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgroud: </strong>To statistically analyze the distribution characteristics and related influencing factors of lens decentration and tilt in Chinese patients with age-related cataracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study collected basic information and measurement results of patients with age-related cataracts scheduled for surgery. Axial length (AL) was recorded using the IOL Master 700. Corneal topography and lens biometrics were obtained using CASIA 2, and parameters including mean keratometry (Km), keratometric corneal astigmatism, white-to-white distance, horizontal angle-to-angle distance, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness (LT), lens decentration, lens tilt, anterior/posterior lens surface curvature radius (ALR/PLR), and lens equator diameter were documented. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlations between these ocular parameters and lens tilt and decentration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 750 eyes from 750 patients were included. The lens tilted an average of 4.57° towards the inferotemporal direction, with an average decentration of 0.15 mm. Among these, 3.73% (28 eyes) exhibited tilt ≥ 7°, while 6.27% (47 eyes) showed decentration ≥ 0.3 mm. Multivariate regression analysis showed that lens tilt was negatively correlated with AL (p < 0.001) and PLR (p = 0.028). Lens decentration was positively correlated with age and AL, and negatively correlated with LT and ALR (all p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with age-related cataracts, there is a certain degree of lens tilt and decentration. Greater lens tilt is associated with shorter AL and smaller PLR. Greater lens decentration is associated with longer AL, smaller ALR, thinner lens, and older age.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neovascular glaucoma: comprehensive evaluation of etiology, treatment modalities, and visual prognosis.","authors":"Sıdıka Gerçeker Demircan, Aysun Şanal Doğan","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04389-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04389-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to determine the demographic characteristics of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG), identify the factors involved in its etiology, and evaluate the effects of various treatment methods on intraocular pressure (IOP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 29 eyes of 24 patients diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma who were treated and followed at a single tertiary eye care center. Patient demographics, medical history, and treatment protocols were recorded, including anti-VEGF injections, panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), and surgical interventions. IOP measurements and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were monitored throughout the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the patients included in the study, 6 were women and 18 were men, with an average follow-up period of 44.2 ± 34.8 months. The mean age of patients was 67.9 ± 11.4 years, with NVG being caused by diabetic retinopathy (11 eyes), central retinal vein occlusion (6 eyes), ocular ischemic syndrome (6 eyes), and other factors. Pre-treatment IOP was 36.7 ± 7.9 mmHg, which decreased to 18.03 ± 3.19 mmHg post-treatment. Surgical interventions were required in 9 eyes, and significant postoperative IOP reduction was observed. (p˂0.05) Bevacizumab was the most commonly used anti-VEGF agent, with visual acuity outcomes varying among patients, though no statistically significant improvement in BCVA was noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NVG is a severe condition that requires prompt treatment to prevent permanent vision loss. Anti-VEGF therapy and PRP are essential in controlling neovascularization and reducing IOP, while surgical intervention is often necessary in advanced cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel nomogram based on orbital MRI parameters for early prediction of dysthyroid optic neuropathy in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.","authors":"Xianzhi Zhao, Yongran Li, Yanling Lu, Miaozhi Liu, Zeyi Li","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04375-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04375-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analgesic efficacy of 7 different topical NSAIDs in panretinal photocoagulation-associated pain.","authors":"Ahmet Kürşad Sakallıoğlu, Tülay Engi̇n, Tuğçe Bek, Hande Güçlü","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04376-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04376-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the effects of different topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and demographic characteristics on pain perception associated with panretinal photocoagulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Before panretinal photocoagulation, patients received one of seven topical NSAIDs, while the control group received artificial tears. Following panretinal photocoagulation, subjective pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale. The impact of demographic factors and NSAID type on visual analogue scale scores was statistically analysed. Demographic data were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and NSAID groups with one-way ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 270 eyes from 270 patients. No significant differences were observed among NSAID groups regarding age, gender, diabetes duration, diabetic retinopathy type, number of intravitreal injections, panretinal photocoagulation sessions, or photocoagulation energy. In all participants, pain perception was higher in females (p < 0.001), patients aged ≤ 60 years (p < 0.001), and those with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (p < 0.001). Bromfenac (p < 0.001), indomethacin (p < 0.001), nepafenac 0.3% (p = 0.002), and diclofenac (p = 0.029) significantly reduced pain, whereas ketorolac trometamol, nepafenac 0.1%, and flurbiprofen did not. Among the effective NSAIDs, nepafenac 0.3% and diclofenac were ineffective in males, while diclofenac showed no efficacy in patients over 60 years of age or those with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. No NSAID demonstrated a significant effect in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bromfenac and indomethacin demonstrate consistent analgesic efficacy in nearly all patients with panretinal photocoagulation-related pain, while nepafenac 0.3% and diclofenac are effective in a majority of cases. However, heightened panretinal photocoagulation-related pain in females, patients aged ≤ 60 years and those with proliferative diabetic retinopathy may necessitate careful consideration in these populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ptosis: an uncommon manifestation to autoimmune disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Aisha Al-Battashy, Houda Al Ghaithi, Batool Sh Al Lawati, Abdullah S Al-Mujaini","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04384-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04384-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations, including rare neuro-ophthalmic complications. Isolated unilateral ptosis as a presenting sign of SLE is uncommon and diagnostic uncertainty often exists.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 30-year-old woman with a 16-year history of SLE presented with acute right-sided ptosis without other neurological deficits while on stable maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. MRI of the brain and orbits, along with other relevant investigations, excluded common structural causes and showed no abnormalities. Serological testing indicated moderately active SLE, supporting an autoimmune flare as the likely mechanism. Myasthenia gravis-specific testing was not performed, a recognized limitation, but was considered clinically unnecessary given the absence of fatigability, diurnal variation, or generalized weakness. The ptosis resolved completely within 24 h of initiating high-dose systemic corticosteroid therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Isolated unilateral ptosis may represent a rare neuro-ophthalmic manifestation of SLE, though alternative diagnoses cannot be definitively excluded. The rapid steroid response may suggest an inflammatory or autoimmune mechanism, underscoring the importance of considering such etiologies and initiating timely immunosuppressive therapy when appropriate.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute esotropia: a tale of an isolated medial wall trapdoor fracture with medial rectus entrapment.","authors":"Rawan Hosny, Rania A Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04404-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04404-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Isolated medial wall fractures are far less common than floor fractures. Uncommon but rather serious, are patients who present with adduction or abduction deficit following medial wall fractures.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case with medial wall fracture and medial rectus entrapment. The patient presented with acute esotropia and diplopia with limitation of abduction preceded by blunt trauma. Computed tomography revealed the fracture along with medial rectus entrapment. Surgical repair using Medpor and release of entrapped tissue was performed within 48 h, following which patient had exotropia with adduction deficit. Six weeks later symptoms resolved with minute adduction deficit.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While isolated medial wall fractures are uncommon and most of the time asymptomatic, they can cause significant morbidity if muscle incarceration is involved. This uncommon presentation should be recognized and promptly managed to avoid functional complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a predictive model for retinopathy of prematurity using machine learning algorithms.","authors":"Yong Yang, Lili Li, Yu Li, Linfeng Song, Huiyi Zuo, Renshen Shi, Peng Fu, Minli Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04382-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04382-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has emerged as one of the leading causes of visual impairment or blindness among newborn infants worldwide. The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model for ROP using machine learning methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 586 neonates admitted to the Department of Neonatology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2019 to January 2024, who met the inclusion criteria and underwent ROP screening.1.ROP-related risk factors were collected by reviewing electronic medical records during hospitalization and follow-up outpatient visits.2.Lasso regression was applied to screen ROP-related risk factors, identifying significant predictors. Seven machine learning models were constructed using these predictors. Model performance was evaluated and compared based on metrics including Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and Kappa coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1. Lasso regression screened 109 ROP-related risk factors and identified 46 significant predictors. These factors were used to construct seven machine learning models.2. Among the models, the random forest (RF) algorithm demonstrated optimal performance, with the following metrics: Training set: AUC: 1.000; accuracy: 99.7%; precision: 99.7%; specificity: 99.7%; Sensitivity: 99.7%; F1-score: 0.997; Kappa coefficient: 0.994.Testing set: AUC: 0.981; accuracy: 95.7%; precision: 92.3%; specificity: 99.3%; Sensitivity: 66.7%; F1-score: 0.774; Kappa coefficient: 0.751.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The RF predictive model based on 46 significant ROP-related risk factors exhibits strong predictive value for ROP occurrence. This model provides a useful tool for early clinical identification of high-risk ROP populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early prediction of retinopathy of prematurity using targeted metabolomic profiling of 6-hydroxymethylpterin in preterm infants.","authors":"Zeynep Alp Ünkar, Hakan Demir, Bilge Batu Oto, Mehmet Şerif Cansever, Leyla Aliyeva, Atalay Demirel, Ersin Ulu, Uğurcan Sayili, Ayşe Çiğdem Aktuğlu Zeybek, Zekeriyya Mehmet Vural","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04381-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04381-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and nomogram-based prediction of dry eye disease following intraocular lens implantation in cataract patients.","authors":"Hou-Yin Xu, Sheng-Kun Lang, Hao Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04369-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04369-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative dry eye disease (DED) is a common complication following cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, adversely affecting ocular comfort and visual outcomes. Identifying risk factors and developing predictive models may facilitate targeted interventions and improved patient management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted involving 376 cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation between January 2021 and December 2024. Patients were divided into a DED group (n = 158) and a non- DED group (n = 218) based on clinical evaluation, including the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIt), and fluorescein staining (FL) scores. Risk factors were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A nomogram was constructed from significant predictors and assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, bootstrap internal validation, and decision curve analysis (DCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of postoperative DED was 42.02% (Among the DED patients, 66.46% had mild DED, and 33.54% had moderate DED). Univariate analysis revealed that patients with DED were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of orthokeratology lens wear, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, along with worse nuclear hardness grading, prolonged surgical time, abnormal ocular surface stress test (OSST) results, and impaired ocular surface parameters (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified orthokeratology lens wear (OR 3.472, p = 0.018), diabetes (OR 3.193, p = 0.016), diminished meibomian gland secretion (OR 3.228, p = 0.033), increased meibum viscosity (OR 3.548, p = 0.018), and elevated conjunctivochalasis grade (OR 3.092, p = 0.027) as independent predictors. The nomogram demonstrated an AUC of 0.761, with a sensitivity of 71.67% and specificity of 82.18%. Internal validation yielded a corrected C-index of 0.785, and DCA confirmed its clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, orthokeratology lens wear, diabetes, and adverse ocular surface parameters, including diminished meibomian gland secretion, increased meibum viscosity, and elevated conjunctivochalasis grades were statistically associated with the occurrence of postoperative DED following IOL implantation. The nomogram developed from these associations demonstrated moderate discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.761) and good calibration. Prospective studies and external validation in diverse populations are warranted to confirm the model's generalizability and predictive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of refractive outcomes and incidence of iris-optic capture in sutured versus sutureless scleral fixation intraocular lens techniques.","authors":"Jae Bong Cha, Hyun Chul Youn, Jung Kee Min","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04371-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04371-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study compared postoperative refractive outcomes and iris-optic capture incidence between sutured scleral intraocular lens (SF IOL) fixation and sutureless intrascleral haptic fixation (Yamane technique).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis involved two SF IOL groups: sutured (32 eyes) and sutureless (68 eyes). Primary outcomes were spherical equivalent (SE) difference from target at 2 months and final follow-up, and iris-optic capture occurrence. A surgeon subgroup analysis for the sutureless technique was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sutured group showed a myopic shift from target (- 0.31 ± 0.80 D at 2 months), while the sutureless group had a slight hyperopic shift (0.14 ± 0.69 D). This persisted at final follow-up (sutured: -0.23 ± 0.82 D; sutureless: 0.19 ± 0.69 D). Iris-optic capture occurred in 12.5% (sutured) versus 1.5% (sutureless), a significant reduction. Surgeon subgroup outcomes for the sutureless technique were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sutureless SF IOL technique provided stable refractive outcomes closer to target and significantly reduced iris-optic capture compared to the sutured method. These benefits likely stem from more anatomical IOL optic positioning achievable with the sutureless approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}