BMC Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Acute esotropia: a tale of an isolated medial wall trapdoor fracture with medial rectus entrapment.","authors":"Rawan Hosny, Rania A Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04404-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04404-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Isolated medial wall fractures are far less common than floor fractures. Uncommon but rather serious, are patients who present with adduction or abduction deficit following medial wall fractures.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case with medial wall fracture and medial rectus entrapment. The patient presented with acute esotropia and diplopia with limitation of abduction preceded by blunt trauma. Computed tomography revealed the fracture along with medial rectus entrapment. Surgical repair using Medpor and release of entrapped tissue was performed within 48 h, following which patient had exotropia with adduction deficit. Six weeks later symptoms resolved with minute adduction deficit.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While isolated medial wall fractures are uncommon and most of the time asymptomatic, they can cause significant morbidity if muscle incarceration is involved. This uncommon presentation should be recognized and promptly managed to avoid functional complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a predictive model for retinopathy of prematurity using machine learning algorithms.","authors":"Yong Yang, Lili Li, Yu Li, Linfeng Song, Huiyi Zuo, Renshen Shi, Peng Fu, Minli Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04382-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04382-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has emerged as one of the leading causes of visual impairment or blindness among newborn infants worldwide. The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model for ROP using machine learning methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 586 neonates admitted to the Department of Neonatology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2019 to January 2024, who met the inclusion criteria and underwent ROP screening.1.ROP-related risk factors were collected by reviewing electronic medical records during hospitalization and follow-up outpatient visits.2.Lasso regression was applied to screen ROP-related risk factors, identifying significant predictors. Seven machine learning models were constructed using these predictors. Model performance was evaluated and compared based on metrics including Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and Kappa coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1. Lasso regression screened 109 ROP-related risk factors and identified 46 significant predictors. These factors were used to construct seven machine learning models.2. Among the models, the random forest (RF) algorithm demonstrated optimal performance, with the following metrics: Training set: AUC: 1.000; accuracy: 99.7%; precision: 99.7%; specificity: 99.7%; Sensitivity: 99.7%; F1-score: 0.997; Kappa coefficient: 0.994.Testing set: AUC: 0.981; accuracy: 95.7%; precision: 92.3%; specificity: 99.3%; Sensitivity: 66.7%; F1-score: 0.774; Kappa coefficient: 0.751.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The RF predictive model based on 46 significant ROP-related risk factors exhibits strong predictive value for ROP occurrence. This model provides a useful tool for early clinical identification of high-risk ROP populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early prediction of retinopathy of prematurity using targeted metabolomic profiling of 6-hydroxymethylpterin in preterm infants.","authors":"Zeynep Alp Ünkar, Hakan Demir, Bilge Batu Oto, Mehmet Şerif Cansever, Leyla Aliyeva, Atalay Demirel, Ersin Ulu, Uğurcan Sayili, Ayşe Çiğdem Aktuğlu Zeybek, Zekeriyya Mehmet Vural","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04381-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04381-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and nomogram-based prediction of dry eye disease following intraocular lens implantation in cataract patients.","authors":"Hou-Yin Xu, Sheng-Kun Lang, Hao Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04369-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04369-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative dry eye disease (DED) is a common complication following cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, adversely affecting ocular comfort and visual outcomes. Identifying risk factors and developing predictive models may facilitate targeted interventions and improved patient management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted involving 376 cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation between January 2021 and December 2024. Patients were divided into a DED group (n = 158) and a non- DED group (n = 218) based on clinical evaluation, including the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIt), and fluorescein staining (FL) scores. Risk factors were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A nomogram was constructed from significant predictors and assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, bootstrap internal validation, and decision curve analysis (DCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of postoperative DED was 42.02% (Among the DED patients, 66.46% had mild DED, and 33.54% had moderate DED). Univariate analysis revealed that patients with DED were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of orthokeratology lens wear, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, along with worse nuclear hardness grading, prolonged surgical time, abnormal ocular surface stress test (OSST) results, and impaired ocular surface parameters (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified orthokeratology lens wear (OR 3.472, p = 0.018), diabetes (OR 3.193, p = 0.016), diminished meibomian gland secretion (OR 3.228, p = 0.033), increased meibum viscosity (OR 3.548, p = 0.018), and elevated conjunctivochalasis grade (OR 3.092, p = 0.027) as independent predictors. The nomogram demonstrated an AUC of 0.761, with a sensitivity of 71.67% and specificity of 82.18%. Internal validation yielded a corrected C-index of 0.785, and DCA confirmed its clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, orthokeratology lens wear, diabetes, and adverse ocular surface parameters, including diminished meibomian gland secretion, increased meibum viscosity, and elevated conjunctivochalasis grades were statistically associated with the occurrence of postoperative DED following IOL implantation. The nomogram developed from these associations demonstrated moderate discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.761) and good calibration. Prospective studies and external validation in diverse populations are warranted to confirm the model's generalizability and predictive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of refractive outcomes and incidence of iris-optic capture in sutured versus sutureless scleral fixation intraocular lens techniques.","authors":"Jae Bong Cha, Hyun Chul Youn, Jung Kee Min","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04371-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04371-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study compared postoperative refractive outcomes and iris-optic capture incidence between sutured scleral intraocular lens (SF IOL) fixation and sutureless intrascleral haptic fixation (Yamane technique).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis involved two SF IOL groups: sutured (32 eyes) and sutureless (68 eyes). Primary outcomes were spherical equivalent (SE) difference from target at 2 months and final follow-up, and iris-optic capture occurrence. A surgeon subgroup analysis for the sutureless technique was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sutured group showed a myopic shift from target (- 0.31 ± 0.80 D at 2 months), while the sutureless group had a slight hyperopic shift (0.14 ± 0.69 D). This persisted at final follow-up (sutured: -0.23 ± 0.82 D; sutureless: 0.19 ± 0.69 D). Iris-optic capture occurred in 12.5% (sutured) versus 1.5% (sutureless), a significant reduction. Surgeon subgroup outcomes for the sutureless technique were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sutureless SF IOL technique provided stable refractive outcomes closer to target and significantly reduced iris-optic capture compared to the sutured method. These benefits likely stem from more anatomical IOL optic positioning achievable with the sutureless approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of correlated factors of axial length changes after repeated low-level red-light irradiation in the real world.","authors":"Yiyi Peng, Dan Wang, Nan Ma, Hong Jie","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04379-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04379-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the factors related to the change in axial length after repeated low-level red-light(RLRL) therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective case study. A total of 323 children and adolescents who underwent RLRL therapy concurrently with their eye examinations at Wuhan Children's Hospital from 2022 to 2023 were included. The biological eye parameters, including the axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refractive (SER), the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal curvature and corneal thickness, were recorded at baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month, 12-month, 18-month and 24-month. The factors related to the degree of change in axial length were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistical difference in the amount of AL changes during the follow-up (F = 16.12, P < 0.001), and the amount of AL changes was significant at the 6-month follow-up (△AL=-0.16 ± 0.18), and then gradually decreased with the extension of follow-up time. There was a statistically positive correlation between baseline AL and baseline SER and changes in AL (P < 0.05). The axial regression in high myopia group was significantly greater than that in mild and moderate myopia group (P < 0.05). There was also a statistically positive correlation between age and changes in AL (P < 0.05). At the follow-up of 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, combined with other myopia prevention and control was correlated with the change of AL (P < 0.05). Baseline corneal thickness, baseline corneal curvature and baseline IOP were not correlated with changes in AL (all P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The longer the baseline AL, the higher SER, the thinner SFCT, the older the age and the combination of other myopia prevention and control measures, the more obvious the change of AL. However, the changes of AL were not affected by IOP, corneal curvature and corneal thickness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent 0 μm vault complicated with anterior subcapsular cataract after toric ICL in an eye with multiple anatomical risk factors: clinical reflections.","authors":"Yue-Xin Chen, Xue-Yan Li, Yan-Ying Zhu, Yu-Kun Liu, Hai-Yan Xie, Xiao-Chen Xu, Jing Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04343-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04343-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This is a case of a patient who developed 0 μm vault after TICL implantation with concomitant anterior subcapsular cataract, and 0 μm vault again after TICL replacement.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 19-year-old woman with high myopia underwent bilateral TICL implantation. Preoperative imaging revealed shallow anterior chambers, high crystalline lens rise, small pupils in Pentacam HR (Oculus, Germany), and short ciliary processes in ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Both eyes developed low postoperative vaults. Nineteen months later, she returned with bilateral 0 μm vault and anterior subcapsular cataracts. Repeat UBM confirmed short ciliary processes and partial footplate slippage beneath the ciliary sulcus. The left TICL was replaced with a larger lens, but 0 μm vault recurred. The right eye was monitored without further intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although factors like shallow anterior chamber, high lens rise, and small pupils can often be managed with proper lens sizing, this case suggests that certain anatomical features-such as abnormal ciliary body structure-may lead to persistently low or zero vault despite optimized planning. UBM is a valuable tool for identifying such hidden risks and should be included in preoperative assessment for high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of visual quality and optical zones after TransPRK, SMILE, and FS-LASIK myopia correction procedures.","authors":"Wan Chen, Zhongyi Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04358-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04358-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>TransPRK, SMILE, and FS-LASIK are widely used surgical procedures for myopia correction, but differences in postoperative visual quality and optical zone design remain a subject of clinical interest. This study aimed to compare visual outcomes, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), contrast sensitivity, optical zone diameter, and corneal biomechanics among these three techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study, 82 patients (164 eyes) with myopia were randomly assigned to undergo TransPRK (n = 56 eyes), SMILE (n = 52 eyes), or FS-LASIK (n = 56 eyes). All procedures were performed at a single center, and patients were followed for six months postoperatively. Outcome measures included uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), HOAs, contrast sensitivity under both bright and dark conditions, optical zone diameter, refractive error, corneal biomechanical parameters (corneal hysteresis and resistance factor), and subjective symptoms such as nighttime glare and halos. Statistical analysis involved ANOVA and chi-square tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At six months, all groups achieved comparable UCVA (≥ 96% achieving ≥ 1.0), but the TransPRK group demonstrated significantly lower total HOAs (0.25 ± 0.07 μm) and spherical aberrations (+ 0.05 ± 0.02 μm) than SMILE and FS-LASIK (P < 0.001). TransPRK also showed superior contrast sensitivity, particularly in low-light conditions (6 cpd: 1.05 ± 0.12 log units, P < 0.001). All techniques demonstrated comparable efficacy (indices > 1.0), with non-significant trends favoring SMILE for UCVA (98.08%) and TransPRK for refractive stability (-0.12 ± 0.25D; all P > 0.05). The SMILE group preserved the best corneal biomechanics (CH: 10.1 ± 1.1 mmHg; CRF: 10.5 ± 1.3 mmHg), while FS-LASIK had the highest incidence of nighttime glare (26.8%) and halos (23.2%) (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TransPRK has good postoperative visual quality, but its advantages may be mediated by its larger optical zone design. In terms of night vision performance, SMILE surgery can effectively preserve the biomechanical properties of the cornea, while FS-LASIK achieved comparable 6-month acuity; we did not assess time-to-recovery. Selection of surgical modality should be individualized based on patient-specific anatomical and lifestyle factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment patterns, outcomes and its associated factors among seasonal hyper-acute panuveitis cases in one of the largest outbreaks: a hospital-based retrospective study from Nepal.","authors":"Anu Manandhar, Smita Shrestha, Manish Poudel, Pradeep Banjara, Radhika Upreti Oli","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04341-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04341-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Seasonal hyper-acute panuveitis (SHAPU), also called seasonal endophthalmitis is a rare rapid progressive eye disease that causes unilateral irreversible blindness predominantly in children of Nepal.  OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify treatment required and associated factors of Seasonal hyper-acute panuveitis.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective study investigated seasonal hyper-acute panuveitis (SHAPU) cases during the largest recorded outbreak at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology from 2015 to 2016, involving 123 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A majority of cases (74%) were in individuals aged ≤18 years, with a slight male predominance (50.4%). Geographically, most patients (71.5%) came from Bagmati Province, while others came from neighbouring provinces, including one case each from Karnali and Bihar, India. At presentation, almost a quarter (24.4%) had symptoms for more than a week, 48.8% for 3-7 days and the remaining 26.8% for up to 2 days. Treatment strategies varied, with 51.2% of cases managed with intravitreal antibiotics and dexamethasone, while 48.7% required surgical intervention, including pars plana vitrectomy, often combined with lens removal, endolaser, or silicone oil or anterior vitrectomy with lensectomy (p=0.21). Fourteen cases (11.4%) were managed with endolaser with silicon oil during parsplana vitrectomy. Microbiologically, bacteria grew in 39.8% (49/123) of vitreous samples of the cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the vitreous of 88.6% of children and 11.4% of adults (p<0.001), while Staphylococcus aureus was exclusive to adults (p<0.001). At 3 months' post-treatment, 30.7% (27/88) of cases had visual acuity ≥6/18, improving to 46.8% (37/79) at 6 months and 58.1% (43/74) at 1 year. Better outcomes were observed in adults, eyes with vitreous culture negative status, clear vitreous tap, cases not requiring pars plana vitrectomy, and those with Staphylococcus aureus isolation. Outbreak timing, gender, symptom duration, and oral steroid use did not significantly impact the outcome. Overall, favourable outcomes increased over time, with some exceptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitreous culture result shows that 39.8% of SHAPU cases have bacteria inside their eyes. Treatment outcome indicates that even the culture negative SHAPU cases are consistent with bacterial endophthamitis of severe type. One reason why children with SHAPU do worse that adult is the type of bacteria these eyes are infected with. With prompt and proper treatment of SHAPU, the visual recovery is significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between ocular parameters and corneal astigmatism in young Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Fanglan Yuan, Hui Li, Jing Yang, Wangting Li, Keming Zhao, Lishi Luo, Xiaoxia Fang, Jiantao Wang, Wei Chi, Kun Zeng","doi":"10.1186/s12886-025-04339-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12886-025-04339-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to explore the relationships between key ocular optical parameters and corneal astigmatism, providing new insights into the factors influencing astigmatic changes in the human eye.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted at a tertiary eye care center with a population of adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional, observational analysis of ocular measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 935 adults (507 males, 428 females; aged 21-44 years) participated. Inclusion criteria were adults with no history of ocular disease or surgery. Exclusion criteria included individuals with systemic diseases affecting ocular health. Ocular measurements including central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AL), lens thickness (LT), vitreous thickness (VT), white-to-white diameter (WTW), spherical power (SPH), and cylindrical power (CYL) were obtained using the Suoer SW-9000 μm Plus biometer and Nidek ARK-1 Autorefractor. Corneal astigmatism (ΔK) was calculated as the difference between K2 and K1 within the 3 mm optical zone. Shapiro-Wilk, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ΔK was significantly correlated with age (r = -0.07, p = 0.030), AL (r = 0.10, p = 0.002), VT (r = 0.10, p = 0.002), SPH (r = -0.13, p < 0.001), and CYL (r = -0.77, p < 0.001). After multicollinearity diagnostics, VT was excluded (VIF > 10). Multiple linear regression identified AL (β = -0.269, 95% CI: -0.415 to -0.123, p = 0.002, VIF = 3.75), SPH (β = 0.072, 95% CI: 0.012 to 0.132, p = 0.018, VIF = 3.39), and cylindrical power (β = -0.806, 95% CI: -0.909 to -0.703, p < 0.001, VIF = 2.31) as significant predictors, with an adjusted R² of 0.608.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AL, SPH, and CYL significantly influence corneal astigmatism, suggesting corneal morphology is closely linked to ocular characteristics, which may aid in targeted approaches to diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9058,"journal":{"name":"BMC Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}