Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Factors affecting production of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis spores for use in self-healing concrete.","authors":"Ahsanul Kabir Sumon, Lu-Kwang Ju","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03189-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03189-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concrete durability is compromised by its susceptibility to cracking, necessitating innovative solutions like self-healing concrete (SHC). Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is capable of biomineralization and its spores were found to hold high potential for use in SHC. Realizing this potential requires clean and effective production of S. brevicaulis spores, which remains unexplored. Here the factors and processes conducive to high productivity of S. brevicaulis spores were investigated. Suitability of cheap, renewable soy-based substrates: soy molasses (SM), soy hull (SH), and soy flour (SF) were first evaluated, and SH was found suitable. The comparison of SH-based solid-state fermentation (SSF) with submerged fermentation (SmF) revealed SSF's superiority, producing spores earlier and with a more than 4.5-fold higher rate. Further study of SSF parameters, including initial spore inoculum, moisture, SH particle size, sugar supplementation, N-source supplementation, pH, salt addition, light (vs. dark) condition, and occasional mixing/shaking plus water addition, highlighted conditions that significantly boost spore production. Optimal moisture content (60-67%) and elevated medium pH (10-11) and salt addition (15 g/L NaCl) were key to enhancing yield, the latter likely induced stress-driven sporulation. Using larger SH particles (> 850 µm) also proved beneficial, improving oxygen transfer. Electron microscopy confirmed the effective attachment and penetration of spore chains into SH particles. This work significantly improved the technical and economic feasibility of producing S. brevicaulis spores for industrial SHC development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1481-1494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12367849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of copper nanoparticles using genetically engineered Komagataella phaffii.","authors":"Cancan Dong, Fan Wu, Shufan Liu, Youyan Rong, Kai Hong, Yumeng Li, Jiao Meng, Xin Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03191-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03191-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increasing application of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) as antibacterial agents, numerous studies have emerged in recent years focusing on their preparation and utilization. However, the existing physical and chemical processes for CuNPs synthesis are complex and environmentally hazardous, creating a demand for greener alternatives. Komagataella phaffii has been recognized as a cost-effective system for metal biosorption. Nevertheless, high concentrations of heavy metal particles inhibit cell growth and result in low biosorption efficiency of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs). To address this issue, we engineered the K. phaffii strain X-33-Cyb5R by expressing the cytochrome b-5 reductase (Cyb5R) enzyme, enhancing its tolerance to elevated heavy metal concentrations and promoting CuNPs biosorption. Through further optimization of biosorption conditions, CuNPs production reached 14.27 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW) after 36 h, utilizing 12 mmol/L CuSO₄ at 30 °C and pH 4. The adsorbed particles on the surface of the modified strain K. phaffii X-33-Cyb5R were confirmed to be CuNPs with diameters ranging from 40 to 80 nm. Notably, the CuNPs synthesized in this study exhibited potent antibacterial activity. This research not only provides a novel approach for the construction of highly metal-tolerant strains and efficient CuNPs production but also offers new insights for the development and utilization of environmentally friendly antibacterial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1495-1508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aesculus hippocastanum extract-mediated biosynthesis of silver-decorated zinc oxide nanoparticles and investigation of their photocatalytic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.","authors":"Sobhan Mortazavi-Derazkola, Maryam Samadipour, Pouria Mohammadparast-Tabas, Masoud Yousefi","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03193-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03193-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this research, silver-decorated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-Ag NPs) were fabricated using Aesculus hippocastanum fruit extract (ZnO-Ag@AHFE NPs), and their catalytic and antimicrobial properties were studied. The nanoparticles were identified using XRD, TEM, and FT-IR analyses, which confirmed their spherical morphology, uniform structure, and particle sizes ranging from 50 to 70 nm. The ZnO-Ag@AHFE NPs illustrated high antibacterial performance compared to the extract and ZnO NPs alone, achieving a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 µg/mL against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, the ZnO-Ag@AHFE NPs exhibited outstanding photocatalytic efficiency, degrading methylene blue and rhodamine B dyes by 97.6% and 94.3%, respectively, surpassing the performance of other catalysts. Antioxidant assays revealed that the nanoparticles inhibited 85% of DPPH free radicals, underscoring their potential in biological applications. This study presents a green method using A. hippocastanum fruit extract, offering an innovative approach to enhance the antibacterial, catalytic, and antioxidant properties of ZnO-Ag NPs. These findings highlight the transformative potential of green synthesis strategies for the development of multifunctional nanomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1533-1546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid-state fermentation of pristinamycin by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis NRRL ISP-5338 using D-optimal design.","authors":"Muath Suliman, Amr S Bishr, Sally T K Tohamy, Mohammad Y Alshahrani, Khaled M Aboshanab","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03188-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03188-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pristinamycin (PST), produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis NRRL ISP-5338, is a streptogramin antibiotic with remarkably broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. The production of PST from its natural producer remains challenging. In the literature, a few reports examined PST production using submerged liquid fermentation (SLF). However, the literature survey revealed no reports that studied its production using solid-state fermentation (SSF). To our knowledge, this is the first report about the production optimization of PST using SSF. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to optimize various nutritional and environmental factors influencing its production as one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) or as a multifactorial response surface method (RSM) using SSF. Three factors, including types of solid substrates, composition of the moistening broth, and incubation time, were optimized as OFAT. The OFAT optimal conditions were wheat bran as a solid substrate, IPS5 as a moistening broth, and 9 days as incubation time. These conditions increased PST production from 0.395 to 0.467 mg/g initial dry substrate (IDS). Using RSM, three factors--the initial pH of the moistening broth, the incubation temperature, and the inoculum size (v/w)--were statistically optimized, and the model was statistically significant with a p-value < 0.05. It resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in PST production (0.910 mg/g IDS) compared to the unoptimized SSF conditions (0.395 mg/g IDS) and a 5.35-fold increase from that obtained by the SLF (0.170 mg /mL). In conclusion, the SSF is an efficient and simple method for PST production, and the optimized conditions are highly recommended for scaling up.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1467-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on time-series prediction and analysis of acidity of Daqu based on multivariate data fusion and KNN-Attention-LSTM-XGBoost modeling.","authors":"Haili Yang, Hao Xia, Sai Liu, Shan Chen, Lan Li, Xilong Liao, Lei Fei, Liangliang Xie, Jianping Tian, Xinjun Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03187-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03187-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Daqu is a traditional Chinese brewing ingredient that serves dual functions of saccharification and fermentation during the brewing process. The acidity content during the Daqu fermentation process directly affects the quality of the Daqu. Traditional methods for measuring Daqu acidity are complex and exhibit lag, making it difficult to monitor fermentation acidity in real time. Given the strong correlation between Daqu acidity and environmental variables, this paper proposes a time series prediction model for Daqu acidity based on the KNN-Attention-LSTM-XGBoost model. Upon collecting and analyzing the microenvironmental parameters of Daqu, the XGBoost model was used to select two optimal imputation methods (LFBI and KNN). Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) was employed to extract key parameters, and feature extraction using the lag and rolling window methods was performed to capture temporal trends and fluctuations. Comparative analysis revealed that KNN preprocessing combined with the Attention-LSTM-XGBoost model performed best in predicting Daqu acidity, with R² values reaching 0.9790, 0.9768, and 0.9636 for the upper, middle, and lower Daqu layers, respectively. This combination outperformed the LSTM-XGBoost and XGBoost models, with improvements of 3.87%, 1.11%, and 2.84% compared to LSTM-XGBoost, and 4.70%, 4.37%, and 8.46% compared to XGBoost. This study addresses the challenge of predicting Daqu acidity during fermentation and provides insights into the optimization of the Daqu fermentation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1451-1465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and bioactive functionalization of bioinks for 3D bioprinting.","authors":"Pawan Kumar, Jitender Sharma, Ravinder Kumar, Jan Najser, Jaroslav Frantik, Nagaraju Sunnam, Anil Sindhu, Seepana Praveenkumar","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03180-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03180-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>3D bioprinting is revolutionizing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by enabling the precise fabrication of biologically functional constructs. At its core, the success of 3D bioprinting hinges on the development of bioinks, hydrogel-based materials that support cellular viability, proliferation, and differentiation. However, conventional bioinks face limitations in mechanical strength, biological activity, and customization. Recent advancements in genetic engineering have addressed these challenges by enhancing the properties of bioinks through genetic modifications. These innovations allow the integration of stimuli-responsive elements, bioactive molecules, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, significantly improving the mechanical integrity, biocompatibility, and functional adaptability of bioinks. This review explores the state-of-the-art genetic approaches to bioink development, emphasizing microbial engineering, genetic functionalization, and the encapsulation of growth factors. It highlights the transformative potential of genetically modified bioinks in various applications, including bone and cartilage regeneration, cardiac and liver tissue engineering, neural tissue reconstruction, and vascularization. While these advances hold promise for personalized and adaptive therapeutic solutions, challenges in scalability, reproducibility, and integration with multi-material systems persist. By bridging genetics and bioprinting, this interdisciplinary field paves the way for sophisticated constructs and innovative therapies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1421-1449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomics and bioinformatics guided discovery of microalgal multifunctional peptides for novel nutraceutical applications.","authors":"Montassar Romdhani, Jihen Dhaouafi, Barbara Deracinois, Christophe Flahaut, Naïma Nedjar, Rafik Balti","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03192-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03192-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify and characterize bioactive peptides derived from protein hydrolysates of Arthrospira platensis (APPH) and Tetraselmis chuii (TCPH) using an integrated peptidomics and bioinformatics approach. Proteins extracted from the microalgae were hydrolyzed using pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1) at various enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratios. APPH and TCPH, prepared at an E/S ratio of 1/10 (w/w), were analyzed using peptidomics through reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Using the UniProtKB database, a total of 265 unique peptides were identified, including 187 peptides from APPH and 78 peptides from TCPH. Subsequent in silico analysis of these peptides revealed favorable physicochemical properties, with a notable distribution of hydrophobic (APPH: 26; TCPH: 5), amphipathic (APPH: 70; TCPH: 16), and hydrophilic peptides (APPH: 59; TCPH: 17). Toxicity assessments confirmed that none of the peptides showed hemolytic or cytotoxic risks, except for one peptide identified in TCPH with potential cytotoxicity. Furthermore, bioactivity predictions demonstrated significant multifunctional properties (scores exceeding the 0.500 threshold), identifying peptides with antihypertensive (APPH: 2; TCPH: 1), anti-diabetic (APPH: 2), anti-inflammatory (APPH: 14; TCPH: 5) and antimicrobial (APPH: 7) activities. The current study thus establishes protein hydrolysates from A. platensis and T. chuii as promising sources of bioactive peptides suitable for nutraceutical applications. Our integrated analytical and computational strategy provides critical insights into peptide multifunctionality, supporting further research and development of microalgae-derived peptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1509-1531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential reduction of bivalent copper and nickel in electroplating wastewater using bioelectrochemical systems inoculated with novel Enterococcus species.","authors":"Charles Amanze, Richmond Anaman, Dennis Ssekimpi, Nyambane Clive Ontita, Weimin Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03199-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03199-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroplating wastewater, characterized by high concentrations of bivalent copper (Cu²⁺) and nickel (Ni²⁺), poses significant environmental and health risks. This study explores the potential of novel Enterococcus species AMZ3, AMZ8, and AMZ5 as biocatalysts in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) for the dual purpose of electricity generation and heavy metal recovery. The strains were isolated from microbial fuel cell (MFC) biofilms and evaluated in single-chamber MFCs and dual-compartment systems. A mixed culture of the strains outperformed individual species, achieving a peak power and current densities of 439.78 mW/m² and 5.31 A/m², respectively. In addition, the system achieved a remarkable chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 94.6 ± 11.23% and a Coulombic efficiency of 33.7 ± 7.11%. Enhanced electrocatalytic activity in mixed-culture systems was attributed to synergistic microbial interactions, superior biofilm formation, and elevated extracellular polymeric substance protein content. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed reduced internal resistance and robust electron transfer pathways in the reactor containing the biofilms of the mixed Enterococcus species. Furthermore, BES with the mixed Enterococcus biofilms achieved copper and nickel removal efficiencies of 99.99 ± 0.01 and 99.96 ± 0.02%, respectively. The reduction and recovery of these metals occurred at the cathode, where copper was predominantly recovered as Cu⁰ through bioelectrochemical reduction, while nickel was recovered as metallic Ni⁰ through bioelectrochemical reduction, with surface-bound Ni²⁺ also detected, likely formed post-deposition due to oxidative surface processes, as revealed by SEM-EDX, XRD, and XPS analyses. These findings establish the feasibility of mixed Enterococcus cultures in sustainable wastewater treatment, paving the way for scalable BES applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1599-1617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144727704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transposon-based transient transfection system in CHO-K1 cells enables quality prediction of stable cell line proteins.","authors":"Xi Chen, Kang Zhang, Zhen Sun, Yan Fang, Jie Chen, Congcong Jin, Lani Shi, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03198-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03198-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In biologics drug discovery, transient protein expression is widely used to rapidly produce biologics, thereby accelerating the identification of lead candidates. However, the accuracy and consistency of predicting further product quality in large-scale production needs to be considered, especially with respect to physicochemical properties and posttranslational modifications. With this in mind, a transient expression system utilizing Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO-K1) has been established, which integrates high expression capability with quality profiles similar to those of the protein produced by stable cell lines. A well-designed vector containing transposon elements overcomes the blindness of random integration and ensures the sustained viability of cells and production capability, thus addressing the critical bottlenecks in classical transiently transfected workflows. Combined with the optimization of various transfection parameters, the customized platform achieved a titer over 1.5 g/L in the production of a bispecific antibody while maintaining a proportion of fragments, aggregates and glycosylation patterns that are comparable to those of the stable cell line protein. More importantly, this platform also demonstrated reliability in terms of quality across diverse antibody formats. This innovative protein expression platform bridges the gap between transient and stable expression on the basis of CHO-K1, ensuring the consistency of host cell types throughout the antibody discovery and development process.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1587-1597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic cavitation assisted recovery of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates.","authors":"Tülin Yilmaz Nayir, Yusuf Küçükağa, Serdar Kara","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03197-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03197-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) process was adopted for the recovery of intracellular biopolymer, namely polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), from mixed microbial culture (MMC). To investigate the potential and performance of HC process, two cavitation devices (orifice-1 and orifice-17) were employed. The impact of biomass concentration, orifice type and pressure differential on recovery yield was assessed. The HC-assisted PHA recovery protocol introduced a novel technique that uses HC for cell disruption and a solvent for biopolymer separation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining biopolymer within a short operation time (5 min), achieving 72% process efficiency using the HC-assisted recovery procedure. The biopolymer recovered via HC at optimal conditions exhibited a purity of 71.4%, indicating effective polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) isolation. Its molecular weight of 0.15 × 10⁶ g/mol aligns with typical PHB ranges, suggesting its suitability for various applications. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed compatibility with commercial PHB. Thermal degradation profiles showed slightly lower stability compared to commercial PHB, with a 10% mass loss at 243.21 °C and a maximum degradation temperature of 262.12 °C. Despite these minor differences, HC presents a promising, greener method for PHA recovery, offering potential applications in sustainable industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1575-1586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12367895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}