Zichao Wang, Yi Zheng, Jinghan Guo, Ziru Lai, Jiale Liu, Na Li, Zhitao Li, Minjie Gao, Xueyi Qiao, Yahui Yang, Huiru Zhang, Lemei An, Keyu Xu
{"title":"Recent advance on the production of microbial exopolysaccharide from waste materials.","authors":"Zichao Wang, Yi Zheng, Jinghan Guo, Ziru Lai, Jiale Liu, Na Li, Zhitao Li, Minjie Gao, Xueyi Qiao, Yahui Yang, Huiru Zhang, Lemei An, Keyu Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03169-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03169-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polysaccharide has been widely used in the fields of industry, agriculture, food and medicine because of its excellent physicochemical properties and bioactivities. Compared to plant and animal polysaccharides, microbial exopolysaccharide has advantages of occupying less cultivated land, short fermentation period, controllable fermentation process and not restricted by seasons. However, due to the deterioration of global climates and outbreak of conflicts, food crisis has become more and more serious. Therefore, searching alternative substrates for microbial exopolysaccharide production has attracted worldwide attention, waste materials might be an ideal substitute due to its high-content nutrients. Present work discussed and reviewed the production of microbial exopolysaccharide from molasses, cheese whey, lignocellulosic biomass, fruit pomace and/or husk, crude glycerol and kitchen waste. It was found that commercial grade exopolysaccharides were mainly produced from waste materials via submerged fermentation, and pretreatment of waste materials is a commonly used strategy. Although industrial production of microbial exopolysaccharides with waste materials as substrate has not been reported, we hoped that this work could not only provide contribution for efficient utilization of waste materials, but also help for alleviating global food crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah N Alotaibi, Abdullah Al-Dakhil, Hayam A Alwabsi, Ibrahim O Althobaiti, Reda M El-Shishtawy, Yaaser Q Almulaiky
{"title":"Sustainable synthesis of alginate-cobalt ferrite nanocomposites for horseradish peroxidase immobilization: enhanced stability, reusability, and catalytic efficiency.","authors":"Abdullah N Alotaibi, Abdullah Al-Dakhil, Hayam A Alwabsi, Ibrahim O Althobaiti, Reda M El-Shishtawy, Yaaser Q Almulaiky","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03171-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03171-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the green synthesis of an alginate-cobalt ferrite (Alg-CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) composite using Brachychiton populneus extract for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization, targeting enhanced enzyme stability and reusability. The Alg-CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite, synthesized via co-precipitation and calcination at 600 °C, was characterized using XRD, VSM, SEM-EDX, BET, FT-IR, and zeta potential analysis, confirming its structural, magnetic, and surface properties. HRP immobilization via glutaraldehyde crosslinking achieved a high immobilization yield of 84%, attributed to the composite's high surface area and covalent binding efficiency. Kinetic analysis revealed an increased Km (30 mM) and Vmax (5.88 µmol/min) for HRP@Alg-CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, indicating enhanced catalytic efficiency with reduced substrate affinity. The immobilized enzyme exhibited superior tolerance to organic solvents, retaining 149% activity in n-hexane. In addition, it retained 71% activity after 10 cycles and 74% after 8 weeks of storage at 4 °C, outperforming free HRP. Optimal conditions shifted from pH 6.5 to 7.0 and from 50 to 60 °C, reflecting improved environmental resilience. This study highlights HRP@Alg-CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as a robust biocatalyst, offering promising applications in wastewater treatment and industrial bioprocesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriel de Morais Campos, Natalia Dos Santos Renato, Victor Hugo Laviola de Oliveira, Pedro Henrique de Moura Rodrigues, Marcio Arêdes Martins
{"title":"Influence of paddlewheel geometry on hydrodynamic performance and energy consumption in microalgae cultivations in open raceway ponds.","authors":"Gabriel de Morais Campos, Natalia Dos Santos Renato, Victor Hugo Laviola de Oliveira, Pedro Henrique de Moura Rodrigues, Marcio Arêdes Martins","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03168-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03168-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae cultivation is a field with significant potential across various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and energy. Aiming to optimize the geometric parameters of a paddlewheel agitation system through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental validation, an investigation was conducted involving different rotation speeds, blade pitch angles, and the number of blades on a paddlewheel within a microalgae cultivation tank. The results revealed paddlewheels with 90° inclined blades exhibited higher average flow velocities. Regarding the vertical mixing index, the 8-blade paddlewheels demonstrated inferior performance compared to systems with four and six blades. A pitch angle of 60° minimized power consumption. The optimal configuration found was a 60°-angled 4-blade paddlewheel, operating at a rotation speed of 19 rpm, yielding the highest mixing performance index value at 46.12 W<sup>-1</sup>. The straight blades operated at 13 rpm could not sustain microalgae suspension. For 60° inclined blades, all tested rotations achieved a high level of suspension.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clay mineral content modulates biogenic gas production in coal: divergent microbial responses in low- and medium-rank coals revealed by multi-omics.","authors":"Shufeng Zhao, Hongyu Guo, Zebin Wang, Bin Zhang, Hao Chen, Norbert Klitzsch, Lijiao Yue, Daping Xia","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03170-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03170-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of clay mineral content on biogenic gas production in coal seams remains insufficiently understood. This study systematically investigated the mechanisms by which clay minerals affect biogas production in low- and medium-rank coals by integrating simulated biogas production experiments with multidimensional analytical techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and metagenomic analysis. The results demonstrated that in low-rank coal, increasing the clay content from 2.78 to 4.75 g per 20 g of coal reduced the biogas yield from 6.30 to 3.47 mL/g. Conversely, in medium-rank coal, increasing the clay content from 1.66 to 2.65 g per 20 g of coal enhanced the biogas yield from 3.45 to 5.28 mL/g. These contrasting outcomes are primarily attributed to the distinct mechanistic roles of clay minerals across coal ranks. In low-rank coal, the hydration-induced swelling of clay minerals intensified pore blockage, impeded gas diffusion, decreased the abundance of genes involved in propionate degradation, and suppressed microbial metabolic activity, ultimately limiting methane production. In contrast, in medium-rank coal, clay minerals facilitated the enrichment of key functional microbial taxa, such as Acetobacteroides and Methanoculleus, promoted the degradation of fatty acids, hydroxyls, and amines, and enhanced the activity of acidogenic and methanogenic pathways, thereby increasing methane yield. This study elucidates the microbial mechanisms underlying the regulatory role of clay minerals in biogas production, offering new theoretical insights into the origin of coalbed methane (CBM) and providing a scientific foundation for optimizing biogenic CBM recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Lv, Haijiong Lu, Alfred Elikem Kwami Afedzi, Ikram Ul Haq, Yong Xu
{"title":"Dual roles of anion exchange resin in green lignocellulose biorefinery system based on self-providing acid pretreatment.","authors":"Yang Lv, Haijiong Lu, Alfred Elikem Kwami Afedzi, Ikram Ul Haq, Yong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03166-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03166-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resting cell-catalyzed xylonic acid (XA) offers a promising strategy for developing an efficient lignocellulose biorefinery that relies on a systematic self-providing acid pretreatment. Xylo-oligosaccharides, XA, and glucose are co-produced from hemicellulose and cellulose components through a combination of XA pretreatment corncob, resting cell catalysis of xylose, and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. However, the inevitable formation of degraded inhibitors and XA can synergistically impede biological processes during XA recycling and pretreatment. An anion exchange resin serves a dual function role, acting as an intelligent regulator of inhibitors and XA in the resting cell catalysis of pretreated hydrolysates, and efficiently facilitating the centrifugal separation and recycling of bacterial cells for xylose conversion to XA. After five consecutive rounds of co-recovery of the resin and bacterial cells, 91.6% of the bacteria remained viable, and the xylose conversion to XA yield reached 82.2%.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xia Yi, Xinji Li, Jianqi Han, Zhidan Liu, Xiaohui Shi, Tao Wen, Jie Zhu
{"title":"Itaconic acid production from corn stover hydrolysates for a newly isolated Aspergillus terreus through adaptive evolution.","authors":"Xia Yi, Xinji Li, Jianqi Han, Zhidan Liu, Xiaohui Shi, Tao Wen, Jie Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03161-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03161-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Itaconic acid can be produced using lignocellulosic biomass; however, the inhibitors from pretreatment process of biorefinery are toxic to the fermenting strains. Here, with 35.70 ± 0.69 g/L (0.19 ± 0.05 g/L·h and 73.84 ± 0.01%) itaconic acid from shake flask fermentation of synthetic medium (SM), a newly isolated Aspergillus terreus just produced 1.01 ± 0.01 g/L itaconic acid from corn stover hydrolysates (CSH) for the serious block of aldehyde inhibitors and acetic acid. Convincingly, 25.34 ± 3.94 g/L (0.13 ± 0.02 g/L·h and 37.92 ± 3.89%) itaconic acid was achieved from the detoxified CSH (with residual 0.49 g/L acetic acid) using 4.0% activated charcoal. 21.64 ± 2.42 g/L (0.05 ± 0.01 g/L·h and 26.96 ± 7.81%) itaconic acid was further achieved from CSH for the adapted A. terreus with better degradation ability of furanic aldehydes and phenolic aldehydes. Furthermore, the 108 mutation sites of nine genes from adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) for A. terreus were further uncovered through single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis, and thus would be responsible for the improved fermentability of itaconic acid from CSH. The current work broke the bottlenecks in itaconic acid fermentation directly from CSH through improving A. terreus using directed evolution technique, and thus would provide a strain biocatalyst A. terreus and establish the alternative strategy to efficiently produce itaconic acid using corn stover.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient pretreatment of Phragmites australis biomass using glutamic acid for bioethanol production by a hybrid hydrolysis and fermentation strategy.","authors":"Jiabin Wang, Rui Zhang, Yu Shao, Cheng Zhang, Xinyan You, Qianyue Yang, Fang Xie, Rongling Yang, Hongzhen Luo","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03165-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03165-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial fermentation of renewable lignocellulosic biomass to produce biofuels presents significant environmental advantages. The conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose into fermentable sugars provides essential carbon sources for microbial metabolism. However, the recalcitrance of biomass limits enzymatic accessibility. In this study, mild L-glutamic acid (GA) pretreatment was applied to Phragmites australis residues (reed straw) to fractionate lignin and polysaccharides for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment with 0.20 mol/L GA at 180 °C for 50 min (logRo = 4.1) achieved glucan recovery and xylan removal rates of 84.2% and 87.8%. Consequently, glucose and total sugar yields reached 75.5 and 71.2%, representing 5.35- and 5.18-fold increases compared to untreated reed. The 28.7 g fermentable sugars with a high glucose-to-xylose ratio (18.1 g/g) were obtained from 100 g reed. The hydrolysates were subsequently used as substrates for bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which yielded 12.4-32.3 g/L ethanol via separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). By analyzing bioethanol production of SHF and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), an optimized hybrid hydrolysis and fermentation (HHF) strategy was developed. Under HHF process, 48.5 g/L of ethanol was achieved from 20 wt% solid loads. This study demonstrates an efficient approach to convert abundant lignocellulosic waste into fermentable sugars and biofuels.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara Bandeira de Carvalho, Vicente Elício Porfiro Sales Gonçalves da Silva, Francisca Kamila Amancio Frutuoso, André Bezerra Dos Santos
{"title":"Influence of saline stress in alternating pulses on aerobic granulation and resource production using different inoculum sources.","authors":"Clara Bandeira de Carvalho, Vicente Elício Porfiro Sales Gonçalves da Silva, Francisca Kamila Amancio Frutuoso, André Bezerra Dos Santos","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03163-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03163-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a promising technology for wastewater treatment, particularly for its ability to recover valuable resources such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, alginate-like exopolysaccharide, and phosphorus. However, achieving stable granule formation remains a significant challenge. Research has shown that the addition of salt can accelerate the granulation process and enhance bioresource production. The source of the seed biomass is also critical for the system's success, with most AGS studies using activated sludge as the inoculum. This study aims to compare granulation, reactor performance, and bioresource recovery outcomes using inocula from different sources while also evaluating the impact of saline stress. Four sequential batch reactors were monitored, differing in the type of inoculum sludge (biomass from an aerated biofilter or activated sludge systems) and the presence of NaCl in the feed. The saline feed alternated between cycles containing 5 gNaCl/L and conventional feed without NaCl. Osmotic pressure was found to favor granulation and solids accumulation in both types of biomasses. Reactors inoculated with activated sludge and subjected to salt addition achieved complete granulation more rapidly. In contrast, reactors inoculated with submerged aerated biofilter sludge exhibited higher solids concentrations. All systems demonstrated excellent chemical oxygen demand removal, with activated sludge reactors showing superior performance in ammonia and total nitrogen removal and bioresources recovery. Salt addition stimulated the production of extracellular polymeric substances and amino acids such as tyrosine and tryptophan while reducing the intensity of fulvic acid-like substances, irrespective of the inoculum type.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole Novelli do Nascimento, Ana Bárbara Moulin Cansian, Jumara Silva de Sousa, Fernanda Novelli Negrão, Paulo Waldir Tardioli, Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo Vieira
{"title":"Plants lipases: challenges, recent advances, and future prospects - a review.","authors":"Nicole Novelli do Nascimento, Ana Bárbara Moulin Cansian, Jumara Silva de Sousa, Fernanda Novelli Negrão, Paulo Waldir Tardioli, Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo Vieira","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03164-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03164-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant lipases offer a sustainable and promising alternative for various industrial applications, with increasing use in biocatalytic processes in recent years. Leveraging plants as renewable resources reduces dependence on animal or microbial sources, providing significant potential for sustainable lipase production. These lipases are biodegradable and less toxic, enhancing their cost-effectiveness, particularly when sourced from plants with additional economic value. The diversity of plant species offers a wide array of lipases with different properties, broadening their industrial applications. Additionally, integrating plant lipase production into existing agricultural processes by using agricultural residues or by-products as enzyme sources can reduce costs and add value to waste materials. Despite their potential, several challenges must be addressed for the effective utilization of plant-derived lipases. Reducing extraction and purification costs is essential to make these enzymes competitive with other sources. Advancements in the biochemical and structural characterization of plant lipases have facilitated enzymatic engineering approaches to enhance enzyme stability, specificity, and catalytic efficiency. A review of the current research can help identify gaps and suggest new directions for enzyme development and technological advancements. Understanding the mechanisms of action and unique properties of plant lipases can drive innovations in biocatalytic processes. This review aims to highlight the characteristics of plant lipases and the challenges in their extraction, purification, and stability. This study conducted a narrative review using a database of relevant studies, selecting 92 studies. The future of plant lipases holds great promise for transformative impacts across various industries, promoting more sustainable and innovative practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Degradation and detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by two peroxidase enzymes from Irpex lacteus F17.","authors":"Xiaping Xu, Peilin Lin, Yongming Lu, Rong Jia","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03137-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03137-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most toxic mycotoxin produced by some Aspergillus species, is commonly found in agricultural products, especially grains, and poultry feeds. Enzymic degradation is considered to be the most promising detoxification method, because it is efficient, safe and causes minimal damage to the nutritional quality of treated foods. In this study, a recombinant manganese peroxidase (Il-MnP1) and a recombinant dye-decolorizing peroxidase (Il-DyP4) from Irpex lacteus F17 were used to degrade AFB1, either individually or in combination. The degree of degradation of AFB1 by the combined enzymes of Il-MnP1 + Il-DyP4 was higher than that of either enzyme acting alone. The half-life of AFB1 degradation by the combined enzymes was lower than that of either enzyme alone. Further analysis of the degradation products indicated that the use of the combination of Il-MnP1 + Il-DyP4 to degrade AFB1 resulted in a greater number of metabolites, including five new degradation products with the chemical formulas, C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, and C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. The system of Il-MnP1 + Il-DyP4 contained multiple enzyme activities that could act on different toxic sites of AFB1, thereby producing metabolites with lower toxicity and carcinogenicity, which was consistent with the results of the Ames test. These findings suggest that using the combined enzymes to convert AFB1 into non-toxic products is a good strategy for detoxifying contaminated foods and feeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"693-704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}