Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Methodology for contamination detection and reduction in fermentation processes using machine learning.","authors":"Xuan Dung James Nguyen, Y A Liu, Christopher C McDowell, Luke Dooley","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03194-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03194-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper demonstrates an accurate and efficient methodology for fermentation contamination detection and reduction using two machine learning (ML) methods, including one-class support vector machine and autoencoders. We also optimize as many hyperparameters as possible prior to the training of the ML models to improve the model accuracy and efficiency, and choose a Python platform called Optuna, to enable the parallel execution of hyperparameter optimization (HPO). We recommend using Bayesian optimization with hyperband algorithm to carry out HPO. Results show that we can predict contaminated fermentation batches with recall up to 1.0 without sacrificing the precision and specificity of non-contaminated batches, which read up to 0.96 and 0.99, respectively. One-class support vector machine outperforms autoencoders in terms of precision and specificity even though they both achieve an outstanding recall of 1.0. These models demonstrate high accuracy in detecting contamination without requiring labeled contaminated data and are suitable for integration into real-time fermentation monitoring systems with minimal latency and retraining needs. In addition, we benchmark our ML methods against a traditional threshold-based contamination detection approach (mean <math><mo>±</mo></math> 3 <math><mi>σ</mi></math> rule) to quantify the added value of using data-driven models. Finally, we identify important independent variables contributing to the contaminated batches and give recommendations on how to regulate them to reduce the likelihood of contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1547-1563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12367959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing anammox reactor performance: the role of biotic and abiotic particle addition.","authors":"Xiaoyi Ren, Xin Ye, Huiqun Shi, Mingyuan Wang, Shaohua Chen, Xiaojun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03195-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03195-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The slow growth rate of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria and susceptibility of anammox sludge to washout pose significant challenges for the successful start-up and stable operation of the anammox process. Granulation may resolve this issue. This study investigated the effects of biotic and abiotic particle addition on the start-up and operation of anammox reactor by inoculating seed sludge with suspended, granular, magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) coupled anammox sludge, and pure MAP precipitates, aiming to promote granulation and preserve anammox functionality. The results showed that the start-up period of the reactor was consistent approximately 55 days, irrespective of inoculation type. Notably, the addition of anammox sludge and MAP precipitates did not notably expedite the start-up process. However, incorporating of biotic and abiotic particle additions significantly enhanced the nitrogen removal rate per unit volume of sludge (p < 0.05), achieving 2.20-2.62 kg N m⁻³ d⁻¹. In contrast, the control group and the group inoculated with suspended anammox sludge achieved only 1.32 and 1.38 kg N m⁻³ d⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, particle addition stimulated the formation of high-density, larger-sized granular sludge, particularly when anammox-MAP and pure MAP particles were introduced. MAP may offer adsorption sites for bacterial retention and accelerate granulation, but it was ineffective for reactor start-up, which mainly involved the initial enrichment and activity manifestation of anammox bacteria. Although the experimental group with suspended anammox sludge exhibited comparable anammox activity, its stability deteriorated over time due to the washout of low-density sludge. Anammox bacteria was enriched in both biotic and abiotic particle addition groups. MAP contributed to a higher abundance of anammox bacteria and a shift in the dominant genus from Candidatus Brocadia to Candidatus Kuenenia, likely attributable to Candidatus Kuenenia's superior substrate affinity. Collectively, these findings provide a scalable approach to improving anammox reactor efficiency in wastewater treatment plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1565-1573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process mapping and optimization study of CHO cell cultures for mAb production using Ambr^® 250 high-throughput parallel bioreactors.","authors":"A Bordoloi, F Talebnia Rowshan","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03229-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03229-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The demand to accelerate monoclonal antibody (mAbs) process development timelines using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) host cells to bring therapies to patients sooner is gaining momentum. The applicability of single use high-throughput (HTP) bioreactor system such as Ambr^®250 facilitating precise and automated control is very promising. This entails optimizing process parameters through design of experiments (DoE) using less resources and time, compared to traditionally employed large-scale bench top reactors (2-5L). It is imperative to improve mAb productivity through robust process development to mitigate current manufacturing challenges. In this study, a systematic mapping approach was employed to identify critical process parameters (CPP) and improve process efficacy. A central composite design (CCD) was used in Ambr^®250 bioreactors to investigate the impact of initial seeding density (SD) and feeding rate (FR) on mAb production. Variance in the SD and FR impacted the cell performance and mAb titer profile based on which parameter optimization was done using response surface methodology. Significant impact of FR and SD was identified leading to improved mAb titer. Bioreactors operated at SD > 1 × 10⁶ cells/mL and FR of > 2% Vc/day were more productive, and respective optimal FR and SD were estimated at 2.68% Vc/day and 1.1 × 10⁶ cells/mL. Cell viability and productivity were well-maintained at optimal conditions allowing extended cultivation time to reach higher mAb titer of up to 5 g/L. These findings, which optimize the operating range of critical process parameters (CPPs) using the high-throughput Ambr® 250 scaled-down platform, provide a framework for accelerated early-phase process development and enable reliable scalability to commercial manufacturing. Improving productivity and providing robust estimates for manufacturing scale would significantly cut costs and reduce timelines for biologics development and facilitate patient access.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to increase PET microbial degradation by Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682.","authors":"Alanna Botelho, Adrian Chaves Penha, Lucas Tadeu N da Silva Rocha, Ariane Gaspar Santos, Danuza N Moysés, Aline Machado de Castro, Maria Alice Z Coelho, Priscilla F F Amaral","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03230-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03230-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yarrowia lipolytica has been studied for poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) depolymerization, but the slow kinetics must be improved for large-scale applications. Here, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to a medium containing post-consumer PET (PC-PET) or the monomers terephthalic acid (TPA), bis(hydroxy-ethylene) terephthalate (BHET), and methyl-2-hydroxy ethylene terephthalate (MHET) to increase its solubility and improve depolymerization. The MIC test indicated 5% of DMSO as the maximum non-toxic concentration for Y. lipolytica cultivation. Cell viability on yeast nitrogen-based (YNB) medium was higher with MHET (94%). Cell growth in YNB medium and PC-PET was only detected with DMSO. When PC-PET was used as an additional carbon source, cell growth was 40% higher in the presence of DMSO (10.7 g/L), exhibiting increased adhesion of cells to PET (20%). Also, the highest extracellular lipase activity (370 U/L) was found with DMSO and PC-PET in flasks. In a bioreactor, higher cell growth (32.6 g/L) and lipase activity (7531 U/L) were obtained in YP*D medium with PC-PET and DMSO. During cultivation in this medium, TPA, MHET, and BHET were detected, demonstrating PET depolymerization along Y. lipolytica growth with DMSO. These results show that DMSO contributes to PET depolymerization by Y. lipolytica, increasing cell concentration, adhesion to PET particles, and enzyme production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid in a partial-mixed recirculating bed reactor with resin-immobilized nitrilase.","authors":"Neng Xiong, Jia-Yu Chen, Pei-Qi Lei, Teng-Teng Fu, Rui Xu, Ya-Ping Xue, Yu-Guo Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03227-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03227-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immobilized enzyme bioreactors provide a controlled reaction environment and integrated reaction-separation processes for biocatalysis. In this study, a biocatalytic process based on resin-immobilized nitrilase and a partial-mixed recirculating bed bioreactor was developed for the synthesis of 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid, a gabapentin intermediate. The resin catalyst prepared by immobilizing the regioselective nitrilase AcN-S on the activated amino resin LX-1000EPHA achieved 99.12% immobilization yield, 73.40 U/g specific activity, and 95.42% activity recovery when loaded with 10 mg/g crude enzyme. The resin catalyst (100 g/L) could convert 1 M (148.2 g/L) substrate 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetonitrile to 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid within 18 h, achieving a conversion of 95.40%. At a substrate concentration of 0.5 M, > 85% conversion could still be achieved after 15 batches. In a partial-mixed recirculating bed reactor, the resin catalyst (100 g/L) could completely convert 500 mM substrate within 10 h, and achieve > 90% conversion after 20 batches, with residual activity of 93.23%. Resin activation and cross-linking treatment after immobilization were found to improve operational stability, reduce protein leakage, and ensure high immobilization yield and activity recovery. The reactor provided a low-shear environment and recirculating flow, which together improve catalyst reusability and reduce product inhibition. The constructed reaction system provides a solution for the efficient conversion of slightly soluble/insoluble substrates and the integration of reaction and separation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different electron shuttles on the degradation of penoxsulam in single-chamber air microbial fuel cells.","authors":"Xiaoshuo Shi, Jiaran Qi, Yuanzhu He, Wenxian Mi, Xiaohong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03226-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03226-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bioremediation of penoxsulam, a commonly encountered aquatic herbicide, was investigated using a single-chamber air microbial fuel cell (MFC) system. This study focused on how the modulation of electron transfer through exogenous electron shuttles (riboflavin (RF), anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS)) and respiratory inhibitors (rotenone, capsaicin) affects electrogenesis and the degradation of penoxsulam. The addition of electron shuttles significantly improved both MFC power generation and pollutant removal efficiency in a dose-dependent manner, with optimal concentrations identified for maximum performance. In contrast, respiratory inhibitors strongly suppressed both processes, leading to an increase in charge transfer resistance. This study links macroscopic changes in performance with intracellular bioenergetic parameters, showing that electron shuttles maintain higher intracellular NAD⁺ levels and current densities, likely by promoting NAD⁺ regeneration, whereas inhibitors deplete NAD⁺ availability and hinder electron flow. Additionally, an analysis of key respiratory enzymes indicated that Cytochrome C oxidase plays an important role in facilitating extracellular electron transfer to the anode. Inhibitor studies provide further support for the importance of Complex I and downstream cytochrome pathways for power generation and degradation. By establishing the relationships between mechanisms and performance and proposing an integrated electron transfer model, this research highlights important enzymatic and metabolic control points for optimizing MFC-based bioremediation. These findings provide important insights into enhancing bioelectrochemical systems for concurrent environmental remediation and sustainable energy recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing rhamnolipid bio-surfactant production in a bioreactor using waste glycerol.","authors":"Siti Syazwani Mahamad, Mohd Shamzi Mohamed, Mohd Nazren Radzuan, James Winterburn, Mohd Rafein Zakaria","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03224-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-025-03224-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhamnolipids (RLs) are glycolipid bio-surfactants produced by microorganisms with applications in industries, including environmental remediation and oil recovery, comparable to chemical surfactants. However, the reproducibility and scalability of RLs production in shake flask systems limit their industrial use, prompting the need for advanced bioreactor systems. This study aims to address this challenge by optimizing RLs production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS6 using treated waste glycerol (TWG), a low-cost by-product of biodiesel production, as a carbon source. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the combined impact of TWG concentration, aeration, and agitation rates on RLs production and microbial behavior within a bioreactor system. Optimal conditions were then determined using central composite design (CCD) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA revealed that the quadratic model significantly predicts RLs production (p < 0.0001). TWG concentration significantly influences RLs yield (p < 0.05), while TWG concentration and agitation rates significantly affect biomass production (p < 0.05). Optimal conditions were 2.827% TWG, 1.02 vvm aeration, and 443 rpm agitation. The model's validity was confirmed, yielding 11.32 g/L RLs and 5.38 g/L biomass. Kinetic studies showed Y_X/S and Y_P/S values of 5.53 g/g and 3.36 g/g, indicating efficient substrate utilization and metabolite production. RSM optimization enhanced RLs yield by 4.88-fold compared to shake flask results. The produced RLs achieved a kerosene emulsion index of 70.12% and reduced surface tension to 28.61 mN/m, highlighting their potential in environmental remediation. This study addresses the scalability issues in RLs production, and highlights the feasibility of using waste glycerol for large-scale RLs production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological properties of Bergenia ciliata synthesized green zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS-NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs).","authors":"Hamza Tariq, Muhammad Usman Zahid, Bilal Qadeer, Ahmad M Alharbi, Abdulelah Aljuaid, Khalid Jambi, Nouman Rasheed Jatoi, Samah H Abu-Hussien, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Syed Ali Imran Bokhari","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03225-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03225-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The conventional physical and chemical synthesis of nanomaterials is associated with multiple disadvantages, such as high energy consumption, high cost, time consumption, and the use of toxic chemicals that are not only hazardous in the manufacturing setup but are also harmful to the environment. To overcome such limitations, phytofabrication, i.e., the use of plants for the synthesis of nanoparticles is considered preferred as it is an inexpensive, sustainable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, and green approach. The current study aims to explore and compare the biological properties of green synthesized zinc oxide and zinc sulfide nanoparticles. The materials are prepared using eco-friendly chemistry, using an aqueous herbal extract of Bergenia ciliata. The materials are then subjected to comprehensive characterization techniques and biological studies using antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticancer, antioxidant, and biocompatibility studies. Our comprehensive evaluation reveals that green-synthesized ZnS-NPs demonstrate superior antibacterial and anticancer properties compared to ZnO-NPs. Specifically, ZnS-NPs induced significant zones of inhibition (ZOI) of 24 ± 1.2 and 22 ± 0.8 mm against B. subtilis and E. coli, respectively, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.125 mg/mL. In contrast, ZnO-NPs displayed better dispersion behavior, along with enhanced antioxidant, antiparasitic, and antidiabetic activities. Notably, ZnO-NPs significantly inhibited both amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania tropica (KWH23), with MICs of 112 and 135 µg/mL, respectively, highlighting their strong therapeutic potential against leishmaniasis. However, none of the samples exhibit antifungal properties as they fail to inflict any zone of inhibition against the tested fungal strains. We thus conclude that the B. ciliata synthesized green ZnS-NPs and ZnO-NPs exhibit distinct but excellent therapeutic properties and that both the synthesized materials have the potential to be further explored in in vitro and in vivo studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the biomethane production from lignocellulosic residues through bioaugmentation of anaerobic digestion.","authors":"Jamie K D van Wyk, Daneal C S Rorke, Johann F Gӧrgens, Eugéne van Rensburg","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03223-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03223-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioaugmentation of anaerobic digestion (AD) systems is considered a cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategy to combat incomplete digestion of recalcitrant lignocellulosic substrates. This study investigated the lowest microbial inoculum size required for once-off bioaugmentation of AD cultures to enhance biomethane yield and process performance. The batch, laboratory-scale anaerobic co-digestion was carried out using pretreated corn stover (PCS) and food waste (FW), with cellulolytic Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens and Bacillus licheniformis. The bioaugmentation screening was accomplished through a stepwise increase in the microbial loading using an initial standardised concentration of 0.4 × 10¹¹ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL within the system. Bioaugmentation decreased the digestion time by up to 11 days. The inoculation of B. subtilis at a microbial concentration of 20 × 10¹¹ CFU/mL (4.85 g DCW/L) improved the biomethane yield by 34% compared to the unaugmented control and produced 525 NmL CH₄/gVS. Additionally, S. marcescens at 12 × 10¹¹ CFU/mL doubled the volumetric methane productivity from 0.47 ± 0.02 to 1.04 ± 0.02 mL/(mL.day) when compared to the unaugmented control. The application of Nanopore sequencing after AD, to investigate the microbial community dynamics and structure in this treatment, underlined 43.52, 7.69 and 25.26% increases in the bacterial alpha diversity, namely the Shannon-, Simpson- and Observed indices, respectively. Moreover, a high abundance of between 50 and 80% of the Firmicutes population was identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and wound healing properties of eco-friendly synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles from Plumeria rubra leaf extract.","authors":"Annapoorani Angusamy, Subramanian Palanisamy, Sangeetha Ravi, Manikandan Kumaresan, Sonaimuthu Mohandoss, SangGuan You, Manikandan Ramar","doi":"10.1007/s00449-025-03176-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00449-025-03176-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants serve as a rich source of bioactive agents and coupling them with carriers using nanotechnology has recently become an effective therapeutic approach in pharmacognosy. Metal oxides, especially copper oxide (CuO), have been employed in synthesizing nanoparticles due to their efficient reducing properties. The purpose of this work was to examine the physicochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and wound healing abilities of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) synthesized using Plumeria rubra leaf extract. FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, AFM, and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to confirm the formation of CuONPs, and the results showed that they were spherical in shape and 35 nm in size. DPPH and nitric oxide antioxidant assays revealed that they possess effective free radical scavenging ability. CuONPs showed bactericidal activity against human pathogenic bacteria. The anticancer effect of CuONPs was assessed on the Neuro-2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cells. Both P. rubra leaf extract and CuONPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity with morphological distortions and apoptosis, along with a loss of membrane integrity. In vivo analysis of CuONPs for their wound healing ability in Wistar albino rats showed a better wound closure percentage compared to that of the control animals. Based on our findings, CuONPs may be applied as a potential therapeutic agent in developing treatments for a spectrum of various diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9024,"journal":{"name":"Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering","volume":" ","pages":"1295-1310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}