Biomedical optics express最新文献

{"title":"Monte Carlo OCT simulations investigating the effect of multiple scattered light on OCT-based attenuation coefficient quantification.","authors":"Gijs Buist, Arjen Amelink, Johannes F De Boer","doi":"10.1364/BOE.601548","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.601548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The attenuation coefficient <i>µ</i> _<i>t</i> of biological tissue could serve as an indicator of structural and functional changes related to the onset or progression of disease. Current state-of-the-art depth-resolved OCT-based <i>µ</i> _<i>t</i> quantification methods rely on the assumption that the detected signal is dominated by single-scattered light, limiting the applicability of the model primarily to weakly scattering samples or superficial imaging depths. To assess the effect of multiple scattered light on the accuracy of the single-scattering model and attenuation coefficient estimation for different scattering coefficients and focus positions, we employ a hybrid particle-wave Monte Carlo simulation model to acquire focus series depth profiles for several Intralipid 20% dilutions. Additionally, we perform focus series simulations with illumination beams of half and twice the standard beam radius for a single sample to investigate the effect of the beam radius on the accuracy of attenuation coefficient estimation and of the single-scattering model. For each depth profile we calculate the fraction of single-scattered light contributing to the OCT signal. At each depth we fit a confocal function to the focus series depth profiles to determine the Rayleigh range <i>z</i> _<i>R</i> . We estimate the depth-resolved <i>µ</i> _<i>t</i> for each depth profile by employing Vermeer's method after confocal function compensation based on the beam parameters. For weakly scattering samples (scattering coefficient <i>µ</i> _<i>s</i> < 1 mm^-1) we find that the single-scattered light fraction is high over the entire 5 mm depth range, while the measured confocal functions and <i>µ</i> _<i>t</i> match the single-scattering model predictions. For the more strongly scattering samples (<i>µ</i> _<i>s</i> ≥ 1 mm^-1) we find that the single-scattered light fraction decreases rapidly with depth and the fitted confocal functions and estimated <i>µ</i> _<i>t</i> start to deviate from the single-scattering model predictions. Finally, we find a beam parameter dependent confocal shape in the single-scattered light fraction curves which is caused by confocal rejection of multiple scattered light by the single-mode fibre detector. Therefore for accurate attenuation coefficient estimation based on a single-scattering model, a narrow but well-collimated beam is optimal for maximal rejection of multiple scattered light.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 9","pages":"4679-4697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Imaging of prostate micro-architecture using three-dimensional wide-field optical coherence tomography: publisher's note.","authors":"Marta K Skrok, Szymon Tamborski, Matt S Hepburn, Qi Fang, Mateusz Maniewski, Marek Zdrenka, Maciej Szkulmowski, Adam Kowalewski, Łukasz Szylberg, Brendan F Kennedy","doi":"10.1364/BOE.614202","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.614202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 6816 in vol. 15, PMID: 39679405.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 9","pages":"4661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical characterization of a laser speckle contrast imaging system for intraoperative blood flow monitoring.","authors":"Efraín Albor-Ramírez, Miguel Reyes-Alberto, Luis M Vidal-Flores, César F Domínguez-Velasco, Miguel A Padilla-Castañeda","doi":"10.1364/BOE.579684","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.579684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the experimental characterization of a laser speckle contrast imaging system for blood flow monitoring under variable imaging conditions. A tissue phantom setup was used to evaluate system performance across multiple parameters, including laser power, exposure time, vessel depth, and flow velocity. Additionally, two optical configurations were tested to assess their robustness to the variation of these parameters: the conventional arrangement, where the camera is positioned perpendicular to the sample, and an alternative geometry, where the laser is perpendicular to the sample and the camera is placed at an angular offset. The latter was designed to facilitate future integration into multispectral or stereoscopic imaging setups. The analysis includes speckle contrast maps and a discriminability index to quantify the detectability of flow. Results obtained with the alternative configuration indicate that the system reliably detects blood flow across a range of conditions, although acquisition parameters significantly influence performance. A suitable range of laser power and exposure time was identified that enhances the flow detection through experimental selection of discriminability index values. Angular variation in the alternative configuration had a measurable effect; however, both configurations enabled reliable flow detection, opening the possibility of extending this approach to research toward scalable multi-camera imaging platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 9","pages":"4662-4678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super-resolution wave-dispersion analysis in optical coherence elastography using multiple signal classification (MUSIC).","authors":"Gongpu Lan, Bolin Li, Jingjiang Xu, Yanping Huang, Jia Qin, Lin An","doi":"10.1364/BOE.606647","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.606647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>In vivo</i> wave-based optical coherence elastography (OCE) is often constrained by short propagation distances, sparse spatial sampling, and low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), which degrade the wavenumber localization and phase-velocity accuracy of conventional two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) analysis. Here, we introduce Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), which exploits signal-noise subspace orthogonality to improve wavenumber localization. Numerical simulations and agar phantom experiments compared MUSIC with 2D-FFT under impulse (0-800 Hz) and chirp (0-5000 Hz) excitation. Under sparse sampling (6 points over 2 mm), MUSIC maintained absolute mean biases below 1.5% for impulse excitation and 0.2% for chirp excitation across prescribed velocities of 2-20 m/s, whereas the 2D-FFT bias approached 20% at higher velocities. MUSIC also produced usable phase-velocity estimates at SNRs of 2:1 for impulse excitation and 1:5 for chirp excitation. Joint simulations spanning 6-121 spatial samples and 2-40 mm apertures further showed that sample number affected 2D-FFT accuracy more strongly than aperture length within the evaluated range. In dispersive Kelvin-Voigt simulations (<i>μ</i> ₁ = 25 kPa, <i>η</i> = 0.1-5 Pa·s), the absolute mean phase-velocity bias of MUSIC remained below 0.4%, whereas 2D-FFT underestimated phase velocity by up to 17.7% under sparse sampling. Agar phantom experiments showed that MUSIC-derived phase velocity and fitted elastic shear modulus were less sensitive to spatial sample number, whereas viscosity estimates remained variable and model dependent. These findings support MUSIC as a promising alternative for dispersion analysis with improved effective wavenumber localization under practical OCE acquisition constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 9","pages":"4635-4658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-pulsed AI-augmented third harmonic generation imaging visualizes negative-contrast cell nuclei in fresh mouse liver tissue without optical-induced damage.","authors":"Qiyu Bo, Jinsheng Wu, Chengyue Li, Liqiang Yu, Zelai Deng, Xianghui Wang, Shengjiang Chang, Guangwu Li, Siqi Qiu, Zhiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1364/BOE.605242","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.605242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy has been widely applied to image various biological tissues, because it reveals cellular structures in a label-free manner. THG also shows great potential in clinical use for rapid intraoperative tumor assessment. However, whether THG imaging can provide cellular contrast in fresh liver tissue remains controversial. In this study, we present the detailed implementation of a home-built higher harmonic generation (HHG) imaging system, using THG as the major cellular contrast modality. By using ultra-short laser pulses (43 fs, 40.8 MHz repetition), we demonstrated for the first time that hepatocyte nuclei in fresh mouse liver tissue appear as negative contrast, surrounded by a brighter cytoplasmic background. This contrast mechanism is different from previous studies using longer laser pulses, fixed and frozen samples. We further investigated the potential tissue damage induced by the short laser pulses. We found that fresh liver tissue can only tolerate a laser power at ∼ 20 mW, without showing obvious accumulated photothermal damage, while at least 40 mW is needed to generate decent THG signals of negative-contrast nuclei of hepatocytes. To avoid this issue, we then developed a deep learning framework that maps THG imaging data acquired with 20 mW laser power to the 40 mW equivalents, allowing visualization of hepatocyte nuclei having negative THG contrast, without optical-induced tissue damage. Collectively, our findings reveal a contrast mechanism of THG in liver tissue that has not been reported previously, which will open new applications for THG and HHG imaging in liver tumor diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 9","pages":"4617-4634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: ST-FPM: suppressor tunable FPM for high-quality and highly robust full-field reconstruction: erratum.","authors":"Jingze Zheng, Yuncheng Wang, Yiwen Chen, Jianan Li, Tingfa Xu","doi":"10.1364/BOE.614229","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.614229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 3589 in vol. 16, PMID: 41368083.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 9","pages":"4659"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Wide-field quantitative micro-elastograph of freshly excised human prostate: publisher's note.","authors":"Szymon Tamborski, Marta K Skrok, Matt S Hepburn, Mateusz Maniewski, Marek Zdrenka, Adam Kowalewski, Łukasz Szylberg, Brendan F Kennedy","doi":"10.1364/BOE.614205","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.614205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 3027 in vol. 16, PMID: 40809985.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 9","pages":"4660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depth-adapted adaptive optics for three-photon microscopy.","authors":"Qi Hu, Jingyu Wang, Huriye Atilgan, Armin Lak, Martin J Booth","doi":"10.1364/BOE.609127","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.609127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-photon (3-P) fluorescence microscopy enables deep in vivo imaging with subcellular resolution, but its performance is fundamentally constrained by the maximum permissible laser power required to avoid tissue heating and photodamage. Under these power-limited conditions, fluorescence signal generation, image contrast, and achievable imaging depth are strongly affected by the illumination beam profile and aberration correction strategy. In this paper, we showed that using a fixed illumination beam size was suboptimal across different imaging depths. We further showed that conventional Zernike-based adaptive optics (AO) correction degrades under reduced Gaussian illumination beam sizes due to loss of modal orthogonality. This degradation results in slow convergence, unintended focal and field-of-view shifts, and excessive wavefront deformations. To overcome these limitations, we introduced a depth-adapted AO framework in which both the illumination beam profile and the aberration correction basis were dynamically matched to the imaging conditions. By combining depth-optimised beam underfilling with a bespoke set of illumination-matched aberration modes, we achieved faster and more stable AO convergence, enhanced fluorescence signal, and image quality during deep in vivo multi-channel neuroimaging. Together, these results established a practical and robust AO-enabled three-photon microscopy strategy that enhanced imaging performance under realistic power constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 9","pages":"4605-4616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical performance of minimally invasive brain implants: a simulation and phantom study.","authors":"Vytautas Gradauskas, Jemma Neil, Kevin J Mitchell, Jack Radford, Daniele Faccio","doi":"10.1364/BOE.604502","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.604502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite significant progress in non-invasive techniques to sense brain activity through highly scattering biological tissue, these modalities are inherently limited by the physical process of diffusion. We explore minimally invasive transdermal and transcranial optical implants that directly reduce light diffusion by bypassing highly scattering superficial tissues, and quantitatively evaluate their impact on detected photon energy and sensitivity profiles to provide engineering insights for the optimisation of optical interface design and placement. Simulations using an anatomical head model show increased energy detection by 1-4 orders of magnitude, with improved cerebral cortex sensitivity by up to 3 orders of magnitude for longer SDS. Optical implants for SDS of a few millimetres also enable the probing of cerebral cortex with high ∼1 mm localisation. Experiments with an anatomically correct (based on an MRI scan) but simplified resin-based phantom validate the numerical modelling and show good agreement with the simulated detected energies. Further development of these optical implants could be an option for longitudinal brain sensing and imaging measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 9","pages":"4593-4604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation-driven probe design and dual-wavelength optimization for wearable cerebral oxygenation monitoring.","authors":"Lizheng Hou, Yihan Pan, Shuang Li, Yibo Zheng","doi":"10.1364/BOE.603153","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.603153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a simulation-driven framework that jointly optimizes probe geometry, source-detector separation, and dual-wavelength configuration for wearable continuous-wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Five candidate layouts built around a non-collinear 2 × 3 matrix probe were evaluated on a Monte Carlo eXtreme platform using cortical-shell contribution ratio and detector-fluence metrics, followed by Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) analysis of all ten wavelength pairs drawn from {660, 760, 810, 850, 904} nm, with tissue absorption including an explicit water term and pairs ranked directly by total estimation uncertainty (σtotal) rather than a weighted composite score. The two-dimensional cross-coverage geometry with the 660/904 nm pair yielded the lowest total estimation uncertainty (σtotal = 0.0490 μM, cond(A) = 1.50) and remained stable under pathlength, noise-model, and fluence-cutoff perturbations. A geometry-defined motor-cortex region of interest on a public finger-tapping dataset provided pipeline validation, a Colin27 anatomical-atlas simulation supported the directional robustness of the geometry result, and a four-channel prototype demonstrated hardware feasibility. The principal contribution is a reproducible simulation-statistics-validation methodology; the 660/904 nm configuration is the framework's model-based prediction under the present tissue model, to be confirmed by future in-vivo wavelength comparison.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 9","pages":"4568-4579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}