Biomedical optics express最新文献

{"title":"3D-printed phantoms for measuring lateral resolution and contrast performance of ophthalmic adaptive optics imaging systems.","authors":"Anant Agrawal, Ian Rosenthal, Declan Fitzgerald, Zhuolin Liu, Ryan Sochol, Daniel X Hammer","doi":"10.1364/BOE.551755","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.551755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptive optics (AO) imaging of the human retina is an emerging clinical technique that confers the highest possible spatial resolution of this tissue <i>in vivo</i>. To support consistent imaging performance across time and devices, we have designed and fabricated a robust and user-friendly phantom that can determine lateral resolution and contrast with 3D-printed microstructures approximating cone photoreceptors. We have carefully characterized multiple copies of this phantom via microscopic imaging and metrology, and we also demonstrated the phantom's utility with two different AO imaging modalities. Our results indicate that this phantom, with its associated ground truth data, can be a very effective qualitative and quantitative evaluation tool for ophthalmic AO devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 7","pages":"2692-2708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric activation of retinal ON and OFF pathways by AOSLO raster-scanned visual stimuli.","authors":"Sara S Patterson, Yongyi Cai, Qiang Yang, William H Merigan, David R Williams","doi":"10.1364/BOE.566008","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.566008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) enables high-resolution retinal imaging, eye tracking, and stimulus delivery in the living eye. AOSLO-mediated visual stimuli are created by temporally modulating the excitation light as it scans across the retina. As a result, each location within the field of view receives a brief flash of light during each scanner cycle (every 33-40 ms). Here, we used in vivo calcium imaging with AOSLO to investigate the impact of this intermittent stimulation on the retinal ON and OFF pathways. Raster-scanning exaggerated existing ON-OFF pathway asymmetries at high light levels, leading to high baseline activity in ON cells and increased rectification in OFF cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 7","pages":"2663-2691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ConNeCT: weakly supervised corneal confocal microscopy image inpainting network based on a diffusion model.","authors":"Qincheng Qiao, Xinguo Hou","doi":"10.1364/BOE.562924","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.562924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative analysis of the corneal nerve morphology using corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) has shown significant potential for diagnosing a range of neurodegenerative diseases. However, images acquired using current CCM devices are often affected by various artifacts, which can compromise the accuracy of parameter measurements. In this study, we proposed ConNeCT, i.e., a weakly supervised image inpainting network designed specifically for CCM images. ConNeCT took a raw artifact-laden image along with a coarse user-provided mask as input and performed end-to-end image restoration. The framework comprised three main components: (1) a lightweight guided diffusion model based on a denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) enhanced with deformable convolutions for improved feature extraction, (2) a U-Net-based auxiliary segmentation model, and (3) an improved DDPM resampling algorithm. The resampling process iteratively leveraged information from artifact-free regions to reconstruct structurally consistent images guided by gradient signals from the segmentation model to better preserve nerve fiber structures. An evaluation on a manually annotated dataset demonstrated that the proposed method outperformed existing approaches (RePaint, MCG, DDNM, and DeqIR), achieving state-of-the-art results with SSIM = 0.9838, PSNR = 17.68, HD = 13.74, MSD = 6.30, and MAE = 14.80. To the best of our knowledge, our study outcome is the first deep learning-based method specifically developed for CCM image inpainting.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 7","pages":"2615-2630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of glucose concentrations in blood solutions using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy methods.","authors":"Ehsan Azimzadeh Andarabi, Shahab Norouzian-Alam, Mahdi Shayganmanesh, Mohadeseh Haji Abdolvahab","doi":"10.1364/BOE.561552","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.561552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current market provides a range of invasive technologies for measuring blood glucose levels. These invasive methods often lead to discomfort, require significant time investment, and incur high costs, highlighting the urgent need for innovative and more effective glucose measurement techniques. Non-invasive blood glucose measurement (NGM) poses considerable challenges for both academic and industrial sectors. Presently, there is a notable increase in the application of electrical and optical devices in the medical field for clinical and research purposes. Additionally, advancements in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy have been made. This study utilizes a combined approach of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy to identify and differentiate the molecular bonds between glucose and hemoglobin, specifically within the wavenumber range of 4000 cm^-1 to 400 cm^-1. Distinct variations in atomic types and bonding characteristics are observed across different wavenumber ranges. The experiments conducted in this study employed invasive blood samples, with FTIR spectroscopy performed on a potassium bromide tablet, while Raman spectroscopy was conducted on a glass slide. The analysis of the experimental results reveals that as blood glucose concentration increases, the intensity of absorption and the area of the FTIR spectrum decrease, whereas the intensity of Raman signals and the area under the curve increase. These observed decreases and increases are believed to be related to the formation of new hydrogen bonds, as well as a reduction in scattering and an enhancement of Raman intensity following the dissolution of glucose in the bloodstream.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 7","pages":"2631-2662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfigurable hardware-accelerated, multi-channel, adaptive temperature control platform of VCSELs for high-density fNIRS/DOT.","authors":"Qiao He, Yunjia Xia, Xuhao Zhang, Xinkai Zhou, Yu Liu, Yixuan Huang, Xiangyu Zhou, Aobo Ren, Hubin Zhao, Jiang Wu","doi":"10.1364/BOE.562181","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.562181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and its advanced offshoot - diffuse optical tomography (DOT) are promising non-invasive neuroimaging techniques. The advancement of next-generation high-density fNIRS/DOT systems, particularly high-density wearable systems, requires compact light source arrays with high wavelength tuning precision and fine modulation capabilities. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as a strong candidate for this purpose. However, VCSELs' performance is highly sensitive to temperature variations, where heating effects induce wavelength shifts and output power fluctuations, leading to measurement drift and reduced accuracy in fNIRS/DOT data. Conventional multi-channel VCSEL temperature control methods face constraints due to limited computational resources and poor scalability. To address these limitations, we propose a reconfigurable hardware-accelerated temperature control platform based on the heterogeneous ZYNQ-7000 Field-programmable Gate Array (FPGA). By integrating a real-time proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm into the programmable logic (PL), the platform achieves precise temperature regulation with an error margin of ±0.01 °C. Experimental validation demonstrates the encouraging capability of this proposed platform to regulate the temperature of over 100 VCSELs simultaneously while maintaining low resource utilization, ensuring efficient parallel control with large channel counts in real-time. The proposed reconfigurable architecture significantly enhances the reliability and scalability of VCSEL-driven fNIRS/DOT systems while maintaining sufficient resources for future implementations of extra functions. This platform not only improves the thermal stability of VCSELs-based wearable high-density fNIRS/DOT devices but also establishes a robust thermal-control framework for broader applications requiring high-density, thermally stable light source configurations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 7","pages":"2601-2614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct blood flow velocity measurements of zebrafish cerebral vessels with a dual-mode light-sheet microscope.","authors":"Yifan Zhang, Chong Chen, Yao Tan, Yanjie Lu, Xuefei Chen, Guang Yang, Hui Li","doi":"10.1364/BOE.553584","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.553584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Characterization of cerebral blood flow is critical to studying brain function and disorders. We report a method for directly measuring zebrafish cerebral blood flow velocity in 3D. A dual-mode light sheet microscopy combined with structured illumination was developed to image zebrafish 3D brain vasculature in structured illumination mode and to trace the blood cells in fast imaging mode at the same region. Evans blue (EB) was injected into the heart of zebrafish to visualize the vessels, while the blood cells appeared to be dark in the vessels. Our approach significantly improves imaging speed to 100 Hz. Algorithms were developed to trace the blood cells and match the flow velocity to vascular structures. The blood flow velocity in the cerebral microvessels at different depths was obtained for zebrafish up to 8 days post-fertilization (dpf). The flow velocity and flux in \"Y\" shaped and curved vessels were analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 7","pages":"2573-2583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image enhancement network based on fiber topology-preserving multi-module fusion for neuron reconstruction.","authors":"Wu Chen, Mingwei Liao, Shengda Bao, Chaoyi Sun, Shan Jiang, Hui Gong, Chi Xiao, Anan Li","doi":"10.1364/BOE.562737","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.562737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid development of optical labeling and imaging technologies has enabled scientists to capture three-dimensional images of mammalian brains at the single-neuron level. However, it has also brought about numerous technical challenges. In neuronal images, fibers exhibit lower fluorescence intensity than cell bodies and are densely packed, making it difficult to distinguish fiber signals from background noise or resolve connectivity accurately. While sparse high-brightness labeling and sensitive imaging technologies have partially addressed these issues, they have not been fundamentally resolved. This study focused on data post-processing and proposed an image enhancement method using a fiber topology-preserving multi-module fusion network. By incorporating a self-attention mechanism and a topology-preserving loss function, the method enhanced the signal-to-noise ratio and continuity of neuronal fibers. Applied to the three-dimensional reconstruction of complex fiber structures, it significantly improved the performance of existing algorithms, offering an effective technical approach for precise neuronal fiber structure analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 7","pages":"2584-2600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential vision tester using Maxwellian view, small pupil, and different levels of wavefront correction with adaptive optics.","authors":"Vamsi Parimi, Ann E Elsner, Stephen A Burns, Thomas J Gast","doi":"10.1364/BOE.559475","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.559475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate a potential vision tester (PVT) designed to study and improve the accuracy of visual acuity (VA) measurements in the aging eye. Key features include a high-resolution visual display presented in Maxwellian view, a 3 mm pupil to limit wavefront (WF) aberrations, a Hartmann Shack wavefront sensor to quantify the ocular aberrations, and a deformable mirror to correct optical aberrations. VA was measured using four alternative forced choices for a single black-on-white E stimulus in each trial, with three different levels of correction for the ocular aberrations. For normally sighted subjects, VA was not significantly better when higher-order aberrations beyond second order were corrected.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 6","pages":"2528-2542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative peripheral refraction with accommodation in 6- to 11-year-olds: baseline findings from the Stockholm Myopia Study.","authors":"Charlie Börjeson, Anna-Caisa Söderberg, Anna Lindskoog Pettersson, Peter Unsbo, Linda Lundström","doi":"10.1364/BOE.559666","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.559666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compares image quality on the peripheral retina for far and near vision in schoolchildren. Biometric data and simultaneous foveal and peripheral ( <math><mo>±</mo> <msup><mn>25</mn> <mrow><mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> </math> horizontal field) wavefront data for two levels of accommodation (0.22 D and 5 D) were collected from 31 children aged 6 to 11 years. Relative peripheral refraction (RPR) was found to be larger and more negative in the nasal visual field than in the temporal. This difference increased with accommodation. Furthermore, correlations between image quality and biometric parameters were investigated. The results highlight the importance of peripheral image quality during near work for myopia research. The data presented also form the baseline measurements of the Stockholm Myopia Study, which is a longitudinal pilot study on ocular growth and peripheral image quality in schoolchildren in Stockholm, Sweden.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 6","pages":"2555-2572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning for the detection of colon polyps with malignant potential: ex vivo classification using feature-enhanced optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.","authors":"Christos Photiou, Andrew Thrapp, Guillermo Tearney, Costas Pitris","doi":"10.1364/BOE.555185","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.555185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in both men and women globally. CRC predominantly arises from dysplastic polyps that, over time, progressively evolve into malignancies. Population-wide screening through colonoscopy remains the cornerstone of CRC prevention. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential to increase the effectiveness and reduce the cost associated with colonoscopic screening. However, conclusive evidence that OCT can effectively detect pre-cancerous changes is still lacking. This study introduces a novel framework to address this challenge by extracting additional features, which can serve as biomarkers of disease, from ex vivo OCT images of colon polyps. These include first and second-order intensity and fractal statistics, as well as spectral characteristics and scatterer size, which depend on sub-cellular and biochemical tissue variations. Feature-enhanced images derived from these biomarkers were combined with intensity images and integrated into a deep-learning classification model decision-level fusion. This approach achieved 88.3% accuracy, 93.5% sensitivity, 77.9% specificity, and an AUC of 0.857 in distinguishing benign (normal and hyperplastic) polyps from cases with malignant potential (adenoma and sessile serrated adenoma), demonstrating the potential of this novel approach to enhance the role of OCT in improving CRC screening outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 6","pages":"2543-2554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}