Yingjie Feng, Qiuqin Mao, Lei Hong, Xiaotian Wang, Chao Tao, Xiaojun Liu
{"title":"Quantitative assessment of thrombosis-induced blood oxygenation change in deep tissues based on photoacoustic tomography: an <i>ex vivo</i> study.","authors":"Yingjie Feng, Qiuqin Mao, Lei Hong, Xiaotian Wang, Chao Tao, Xiaojun Liu","doi":"10.1364/BOE.557086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.557086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The staging and classification of thrombosis hold significant clinical value for optimizing thrombus treatment strategies. In this study, we propose a quantitative method based on photoacoustic tomography for assessing thrombosis in deep tissues. By using inner chromophore signals as a correction factor, this approach minimizes the 'spectral coloring' effects caused by overlying heterogeneous tissues. <i>Ex vivo</i> experiments validate that the method acquires accurate spectra up to a depth of 30 mm across various tissue conditions. After calibration, the Pearson correlation coefficients calculated for the spectrum in deep tissue against the uncolored absorption spectrum is 15% higher, and the standard deviation of the Pearson correlation coefficients decreased by 58%. Sequential measurements capture time-dependent spectral changes of thrombus phantom during six days, providing a potential diagnostic reference for thrombus formation time and type. This method offers a non-invasive, practical tool for accurately quantifying thrombosis stages, which might be valuable for optimizing treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 4","pages":"1557-1568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chih-Hao Liu, Li-Wei Fu, Shu-Wen Chang, Yen-Jen Wang, Jen-Yu Wang, Yu-Hung Wu, Homer H Chen, Sheng-Lung Huang
{"title":"Quantitative assessment of <i>in vivo</i> nuclei and layers of human skin by deep learning-based OCT image segmentation.","authors":"Chih-Hao Liu, Li-Wei Fu, Shu-Wen Chang, Yen-Jen Wang, Jen-Yu Wang, Yu-Hung Wu, Homer H Chen, Sheng-Lung Huang","doi":"10.1364/BOE.558675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.558675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in cellular-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) have opened up possibilities for high-resolution and non-invasive clinical diagnosis. This study uses deep learning-based models on cross-sectional OCT images for <i>in vivo</i> human skin layers and keratinocyte nuclei segmentation. With U-Net as the basic framework, a 5-class segmentation model is developed. With deeply supervised learning objective functions, the global (skin layers) and local (nuclei) features were separately considered in designing our multi-class segmentation model to achieve an > 85% Dice coefficient accuracy through 5-fold cross-validation, enabling quantitative measurements for the healthy human skin structure. Specifically, we calculate the thickness of the stratum corneum, epidermis, and the cross-sectional area of keratinocyte nuclei as 22.71 ± 17.20 µm, 66.44 ± 11.61 µm, and 17.21 ± 9.33 µm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. These measurements align with clinical findings on human skin structures and can serve as standardized metrics for clinical assessment using OCT imaging. Moreover, we enhance the segmentation accuracy by addressing the limitations of microscopic system resolution and the variability in human annotations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 4","pages":"1528-1545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Label-free whole-kidney metabolic optical imaging using <i>in vivo</i> insulated cryofixation and cryo-micro-optical sectioning tomography.","authors":"Guoqing Fan, Mingyu Tian, Huijuan Pan, Chuancao Sun, Haoyu Gong, Qingming Luo, Jing Yuan","doi":"10.1364/BOE.554000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.554000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryo-imaging has the potential to obtain and visualize the metabolic state of the whole kidney without labeling. However, uneven fixation of metabolic information and incomplete organ morphology in three dimensions limit cryo-imaging application. Here, a pipeline of <i>in vivo</i> insulated cryofixation combined with cryo-micro optical sectioning tomography (cryo-MOST) was established to achieve uniform and complete cryofixation and three-dimensional visualization of renal metabolic mapping at a micron-scale resolution. By this pipeline, we discovered an increased renal redox ratio of db/db mice with type 2 diabetes, indicating the presence of metabolic disorders. The results demonstrate that our convenient optical imaging tool provides a micro-resolution, quantitative assessment of the metabolic state of the whole kidney and potentially extends to other organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 4","pages":"1513-1527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Augusto Arias, Susanna P Clement, Pablo Artal, Siegfried Wahl
{"title":"Chromatic imaging properties of myopia control spectacle lenses.","authors":"Augusto Arias, Susanna P Clement, Pablo Artal, Siegfried Wahl","doi":"10.1364/BOE.545932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.545932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myopia progression in children can lead to ocular morbidity during adulthood. Spectacle lenses have been developed and commercialized for myopia control (MC), but their imaging properties have only been assessed under monochromatic illumination. In this study, we quantified the chromatic imaging properties (wavelengths, 450, 532 and 635 nm) of four MC lenses and a single vision lens at three retinal eccentricities (0°, 20° and 30°) along the horizontal meridian using spatial light modulation technology. Our results suggest that the design of myopia-control lenses based on simultaneous competing blurring should enhance the quality of images projected in front of the peripheral retina at long wavelengths.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 4","pages":"1499-1512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polarimetry through a flexible imaging fiber bundle with a pixelated polarizer.","authors":"Natzem Lima, Clarissa M DeLeon, Travis W Sawyer","doi":"10.1364/BOE.554860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.554860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polarization measurements of tissue in ex vivo and in vivo rigid laparoscopy studies have shown promise for enhancing diagnosis, guiding biopsies, and improving biological contrast compared to conventional imaging. However, a technological gap exists in performing polarization measurements through flexible endoscopes. The depolarization inherent in the coherent fiber bundles commonly used in these endoscopes to relay images from within the body hinders polarization information retrieval. To address this, we propose a simple, compact, and low-cost architecture: a pixelated polarizer placed directly on the tip of the flexible, coherent imaging fiber bundle. We demonstrate this architecture's ability to retrieve the linear polarization properties of a scene.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 4","pages":"1483-1498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongji Xu, Hongye Wang, Xiang Yang, Iver Grønlien, Arthur Georg Serville Torvund, Angelos Xomalis, Zhenyu Zhao
{"title":"Identifying phenotypes of colorectal malignant tumors using the quasi-bound state in the continuum of a terahertz metasurface biosensor.","authors":"Hongji Xu, Hongye Wang, Xiang Yang, Iver Grønlien, Arthur Georg Serville Torvund, Angelos Xomalis, Zhenyu Zhao","doi":"10.1364/BOE.557218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.557218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A rapid and non-invasive method to identify phenotypes of colorectal malignant tumors is of vital importance for oncological surgery and further development of corresponding anti-tumor drugs. Herein, we demonstrate an approach to detect colorectal adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer using the quasi-bound state in the continuum (q-BIC) resonance of a metasurface-based terahertz biosensor. We found that the colorectal adenocarcinoma leads to a 40 GHz q-BIC resonance shift compared to healthy colorectal cells. In addition, we found that colorectal cancer results in a q-BIC resonance red-shift of about 60 to 80 GHz. Both colorectal adenocarcinoma and cancer increase the linewidth of q-BIC resonance compared to healthy colorectal cells. The electric permittivity change confirms the aforementioned frequency shift, which is attributed to the water content of different colorectal malignant tumor cells. Our results highlight that the q-BIC resonance of a terahertz photonic biosensor offers a rapid and non-invasive methodology for identifying different colorectal malignant tumors, which accelerates oncological diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 4","pages":"1471-1482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karolina Bejm, Stanislaw Wojtkiewicz, Zanna Pastuszak, Adam Liebert
{"title":"Oxygen-dependent functional brain haemodynamic response.","authors":"Karolina Bejm, Stanislaw Wojtkiewicz, Zanna Pastuszak, Adam Liebert","doi":"10.1364/BOE.545722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.545722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of hypoxia - a condition where tissues are under oxygen deficiency - on the human brain under functional load has not been fully understood yet. This study aims to analyse the effects of hypoxia on the brain's haemodynamic response under visual stimulation, using the in-house developed functional near-infrared spectroscopy system and to quantify the hemodynamic response. Our results (median, 25<sup>th</sup> and 75<sup>th</sup> percentile) demonstrate the amplitude of the oxygenated haemoglobin functional response during hypoxia 0.30 µM (0.27, 0.41) was lower compared with the normoxia 0.63 µM (0.54, 0.93) and hyperoxia 0.73 µM (0.43, 1.09). No statistical significance is observed for the deoxygenated haemoglobin changes. The hypoxia has a statistically significant effect on the amplitude of the haemodynamic response (p < 0.001).</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 4","pages":"1457-1470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo Martinez-Enriquez, Gonzalo Velarde-Rodríguez, Nicolás Alejandre-Alba, Derick Ansah, Sindhu Kishore, Álvaro de la Peña, Ramya Natarajan, Pravin Vaddavalli, Yue Zhao, Joseph O Okudolo, Dylan B McBee, Ugur Celik, Mujdat Cetin, Jen-Li Dong, Yuli Lim, Li Wang, Douglas Donald Koch, Scott MacRae, Susana Marcos
{"title":"Postoperative intraocular lens tilt from preoperative full crystalline lens geometry using machine learning.","authors":"Eduardo Martinez-Enriquez, Gonzalo Velarde-Rodríguez, Nicolás Alejandre-Alba, Derick Ansah, Sindhu Kishore, Álvaro de la Peña, Ramya Natarajan, Pravin Vaddavalli, Yue Zhao, Joseph O Okudolo, Dylan B McBee, Ugur Celik, Mujdat Cetin, Jen-Li Dong, Yuli Lim, Li Wang, Douglas Donald Koch, Scott MacRae, Susana Marcos","doi":"10.1364/BOE.551733","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.551733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In cataract surgery, the opacified crystalline lens is replaced by an artificial intraocular lens (IOL), requiring precise preoperative selection of parameters to optimize postoperative visual quality. Three-dimensional customized eye models, which can be constructed using quantitative data from anterior segment optical coherence tomography, provide a robust platform for virtual surgery. These models enable simulations and predictions of the optical outcomes for specific patients and selected IOLs. A critical step in building these models is estimating the IOL's tilt and position preoperatively based on the available preoperative geometrical information (ocular parameters). In this study, we present a machine learning model that, for the first time, incorporates the full shape geometry of the crystalline lens as candidate input features to predict the postoperative IOL tilt. Furthermore, we identify the most relevant features for this prediction task. Our model demonstrates statistically significantly lower estimation errors compared to a simple linear correlation method, reducing the estimation error by approximately 6%. These findings highlight the potential of this approach to enhance the accuracy of postoperative predictions. Further work is needed to examine the potential for such postoperative predictions to improve visual outcomes in cataract patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 4","pages":"1439-1456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saeed Ziaee, Mohammad Ali Ansari, Seyyede Sarvenaz Khatami, Behnam Shariati B K, Vahid Ghotbi Maleki, Samad Nejad Ebrahimi, Valery V Tuchin
{"title":"Variation of optical properties of mouse brain using an optical clearing agent: experimental and simulation approaches.","authors":"Saeed Ziaee, Mohammad Ali Ansari, Seyyede Sarvenaz Khatami, Behnam Shariati B K, Vahid Ghotbi Maleki, Samad Nejad Ebrahimi, Valery V Tuchin","doi":"10.1364/BOE.553567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.553567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For optical diagnosis and therapy in medicine, tracking changes in tissue refractive index (RI), absorption, and scattering coefficient is important. These characteristics may be measured using a variety of techniques. Examples of simulation and experimentation techniques for determining optical parameters are inverse Monte Carlo (IMC) simulation, integrating sphere spectroscopy (ISS), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The depth of optical measurements is limited by tissue light attenuation in all methods. Using optical clearing agents (OCAs) is a common method to increase optical depth and reduce light scattering in biological tissues. Thus, optical measurement techniques employing new (OCAs) can potentially achieve greater efficiency than traditional agents. This study aims to measure the optical properties of an unsliced mouse brain in the visible spectrum using an OCA composition to clear the tissue. The mouse brain model is useful for developing neuroimaging techniques and optical monitoring of brain activity. In this study, DRS, ISS, and IMC are used to analyze the changes in the RI, absorption, and scattering coefficients of the unsliced mouse brain. A fluorescence test was additionally conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the introduced OCA in comparison to glycerol. The findings and OCA described in this study may be beneficial in optical neurostimulation and brain disease treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 4","pages":"1423-1438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madeline R Kern, Cobey L McGinnis, Didier Dréau, Susan R Trammell
{"title":"Post-operative monitoring of tissue perfusion in murine skin flaps using enhanced thermal imaging.","authors":"Madeline R Kern, Cobey L McGinnis, Didier Dréau, Susan R Trammell","doi":"10.1364/BOE.551057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.551057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inadequate tissue perfusion is a fundamental cause of early complications following a range of surgeries. We are developing a real-time infrared imaging technique, enhanced thermal imaging (ETI), to detect blood vessels embedded in soft tissue. This study evaluated the potential of ETI to detect capillary growth as an indicator of early wound healing in murine skin flaps. The relationship between vessel density and the thermal signal observed with ETI was explored using MATLAB simulations of a geometrically simplified vascularized tissue model. Simulations showed that increased vessel density corresponded to a greater thermal response at the tissue surface. This trend suggests experimental ETI measurements were related to angiogenesis during wound healing. Studies using a similarly grafted murine model confirmed the presence of angiogenesis with physical vessel counts in fluorescence-labeled frozen sections.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"16 4","pages":"1406-1422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}