Madagascar conservation and development最新文献

{"title":"The value of the spineless monkey orange tree (Strychnos madagascariensis) for conservation of northern sportive lemurs (Lepilemur milanoii and L. ankaranensis)","authors":"Jordi Salmona, Matthew Banks, Tantely Ralantoharijaona, Emmanuel Rasolondraibe, Radavison Zaranaina, Ando Rakotonanahary, Sebastien Wohlhauser, B. J. Sewall, L. Chikhi","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V10I2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Tree hollows provide shelters for a large number of forest-dependent vertebrate species worldwide. In Madagascar, where high historical and ongoing rates of deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for a major environmental crisis, reduced availability of tree hollows may lead to declines in hollow-dwelling species such as sportive lemurs, one of the most species-rich groups of lemurs. The identification of native tree species used by hollow-dwelling lemurs may facilitate targeted management interventions to maintain or improve habitat quality for these lemurs. During an extensive survey of sportive lemurs in northern Madagascar, we identified one tree species, Strychnos madagascariensis (Loganiaceae) , the spineless monkey orange tree, as a principal sleeping site of two species of northern sportive lemurs, Lepilemur ankaranensis and L. milanoii (Lepilemuridae). This tree species represented 32.5% (n=150) of the 458 sleeping sites recorded. This result suggests that S. madagascariensis may be valuable for the conservation of hollow-dwelling lemurs. Resume De nombreux vertebres forestiers a travers le monde trouvent refuge dans des cavites et des trous d’arbres. A Madagascar, les taux de deforestation historiques et actuels sont responsables d’une crise environnementale majeure. Dans ce contexte, une disponibilite reduite d’arbres pourvus de cavites pourrait entrainer le declin des especes dependant de ces abris comme par exemple les lepilemurs, un des groupes de lemuriens les plus riches en especes. L’identification des especes d’arbres indigenes creuses de trous et utilises par les lemuriens pourrait faciliter la mise en place d’actions de conservation ayant pour but de maintenir ou ameliorer l’habitat de ces lemuriens. Au cours d’une etude realisee dans le Nord de Madagascar, nous avons observe que Strychnos madagascariensis (Loganiaceae) etait frequemment utilise comme site dortoir par les deux especes de lepilemurs presentes, Lepilemur ankaranensis and L. milanoii (Lepilemuridae). Cette espece d’arbre concernait 32,5% (n = 150) des 458 sites dortoirs enregistres. Ce resultat suggere que S. madagascariensis pourrait etre important pour la conservation des lemuriens dependant de sites dortoirs.","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"27 1","pages":"53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70562954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Madagascar's future climate change intensified actions and policy reforms: fostering local initiatives or business as usual?","authors":"J. Mercier, Y. Merali","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V10I2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.9","url":null,"abstract":"As Madagascar, like all other countries on the globe, is gearing up for the meeting of the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) of UN’s Framework Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC), we reflect on the persistent failure of development policies in Madagascar, and suggest that there may be fundamental flaws in perceptions about development interventions and transferability of solutions, resulting in a country in permanent crisis despite the island’s great potential. The major official donors claim that they had left the island to itself since the 2009 crisis. However, World Bank statistics show that, in current terms, Madagascar was receiving US$400 million in 1990 and US$ 500 million in 2013. In the same interval, the Gross National Product (GDP) per capita remained basically the same (equivalent to 440 US$/capita in 2013). Should COP21 produce a momentum for massive investment in carbon emission reduction and in adaptation to climate change (CC), we propose that, at a minimum, these new projects, plans, programs and policies should aim for sustainability by applying Environmental and Social Assessments at all required levels and that, preferably, this should be the opportunity to approach development differently. In particular, we advocate focusing on enhancing the generative capacity (i.e., the capacity to generate unplanned-for new development options) of Malagasy people to better take advantage of the natural resources and the information and communications technologies (ICT) infrastructure already in place. Such an ambitious program is not without risks and pitfalls, but it is one way of thinking about breaking out of Madagascar’s current self-reinforcing cycle of under-performance. The purpose of this essay is to question the status quo to stimulate discussion and new thinking, short of which observers, 20 years from now, will find themselves echoing the same frustrations that observers and inhabitants alike experience when faced with the present state of development in Madagascar. Resume Au moment ou Madagascar, comme tous les pays de cette planete, se prepare a participer a la 21 e Conference des Parties (COP21) de la Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques (CCNUCC), nous considerons les echecs recurrents des politiques de developpement a Madagascar pour souligner de possibles biais fondamentaux dans les perceptions des interventions de developpement et la transferabilite de solutions, avec, comme resultat, une crise permanente malgre le grand potentiel de l’ile. Alors que la plupart des bailleurs de fonds officiels font etat d’une cessation de leurs activites dans le pays depuis la crise de 2009, les statistiques de la Banque Mondiale montrent que, en termes courants, Madagascar recevait US$400 millions en 1990 et US$ 500 millions en 2013. Au cours de la meme periode, le Produit interieur brut par habitant a stagne (equivalent a 440 US$/capita en 2014). A supposer que la COP21 ait pour resultat des investissements ","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"98-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70563130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historique de la colonisation du milieu de la presqu' île d'Ampasindava : transformations du paysage et système de conservation","authors":"Jacquis Andonahary Tahinarivony, Niry Solofonianja Rasoanaivo, Patrick Ranirison, Nathalie Rasolofo, L. Gautier","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V10I2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.6","url":null,"abstract":"In the northwest of Madagascar, the Ampasindava peninsula is home to the essential part of what  remains of the forests of the Sambirano phytogeographic domain. The area has great importance in terms of biogeography, ecology, and socio-cultural aspects. The first documented human presence dates back  to the tenth century, during the development of the maritime trade in Madagascar, before becoming the first headquarters of the Sakalava kingdom in the  northwest of Madagascar. Several facts contributed to the degradation of the landscape, like the practice of the tavy and the war between Bemihisatra and  Merina. In the peninsula, the western part was the most affected, on contrary to the eastern part where are located the forest massifs which served as refuges during the tribal wars. After the annexion by France, of an important territory including the peninsula (August 6th, 1896), the Merina left the region,  and these forest massifs acquired a sacred status and as such were protected against destruction, preserving the characteristics of the primary forests of Sambirano. Elsewhere, a process of natural  reconstruction of the vegetation started. These historic facts lead us to conclude that the forests of Dypsis spp . ( Arecaceae ) and Sarcolaenaceae are not primary resulting from a difference in substrate or  climate, but are to be interpreted as old secondary forests, deriving from the long-term process of  reconstruction of the vegetation. For several years, the analysis of satellite imagery demonstrates that the rhythm of the tavy has dramatically increased in the region. This increase stems not only from a population growth, but also from a growing pressure for land to generate income for the purchase of manufactured products. The practice of the tavy represents a major threat to forests and different types of residual natural habitats. Secondary forests are the most sensitive and most suitable for rice production. Primary sacred forests have remained so far untouched. Their traditional protection is however recently shaken by the influx of immigrants, who show little respect to traditional ban. Dans le Nord-ouest de Madagascar, la presqu’ile d’Ampasindava abrite une partie essentielle des restes  des forets du domaine du Sambirano. La region possede une grande importance tant biogeographique et ecologique, que socio-culturelle. Elle a connu au Xe siecle sa premiere implantation humaine et il est  vraisemblable que l’Homme l’ait parcourue et utilisee regulierement a l’epoque du developpement du reseau maritime a Madagascar, avant que le Sambirano ne devienne le premier siege du royaume  Sakalava dans le Nord-ouest de l’ile. Plusieurs faits ont contribue a la destructuration du paysage ecologique initial, comme la pratique de l’abattis sur brulis ou tavy et les guerres entre les Bemihisatra de la region et l’armee du royaume Merina. Si la zone Ouest de la region a ete la plus touchee, celle de l’Est ou se trouvent les grands massifs forestiers","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"5 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70563066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of parasitic infections and body condition in rufous mouse lemurs (Microcebus rufus) at Ranomafana National Park, southeast Madagascar","authors":"Herman Andry Rafalinirina, Tuomas Aivelo, P. Wright, Jeannot Randrianasy","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V10I2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Body condition may be an important indicator for many infectious diseases and parasites, and may   ultimately affect an individual’s fitness. Although some research has correlated body condition and   parasite loads in other nonhuman primates, little information has been investigated in prosimian   primates. In this study we compare parasitic infections and body condition in a member of the  Cheirogaleidae family (Microcebus rufus: rufous mouse lemur) at Ranomafana National Park, southeast Madagascar. This species is characterized by seasonal fattening in preparation for the dry season followed by torpor, and it is important to understand the fluctuation between parasites and infections according to seasonal body condition. We trapped 72 individuals of the species inside Ranomafana National Park (RNP) after the dry season. These individuals were brought to the  Centre Valbio Laboratory (CVB) and were subcutaneously micro-chipped with subdermal transponders for permanent identification. We recorded morphometric data, body condition, species richness and prevalence of ectoparasites and  gastrointestinal parasites. We found that individuals that had both high number of parasite species as well as high prevalence of ectoparasites and gastrointestinal parasites had better body condition. There is some indication that being in good condition is important in controlling infections. La condition physique peut etre un indicateur important pour de nombreuses maladies infectieuses et pour les parasites, et peut finalement affecter l'aptitude d'un individu. Si certaines etudes ont montre la relation entre condition physique et charges parasitaires chez des primates non humains, peu d'  informations etaient disponibles en ce qui concerne les prosimiens. Dans cette etude, les infections parasitaires et l'etat de sante du microcebe roux Microcebus rufus de la famille des Cheirogaleidae ont ete etudiees dans le Parc National de Ranomafana, Sud-est de Madagascar. Cette espece est caracterisee par sa capacite a accumuler des matieres grasses a la base de la queue afin de se preparer a la saison  seche au cours de laquelle elle rentre en torpeure ; il est donc important de comprendre la fluctuation  saisonniere entre les parasites et les infections selon l'etat de sante des individus. Soixante-douze animaux de cette espece ont ete captures a l'  interieur du Parc National de Ranomafana apres la saison seche. Les individus captures ont ete rapportes au Centre Valbio ou ils ont ete marques avec une puce  electronique sous-cutanee servant de transpondeur pour l' identification permanente. Nous avons collecte des donnees morphometriques pour documenter la  condition physique, la richesse specifique et la  prevalence des ectoparasites et des parasites gastro-intestinaux. Nous avons constate que les individus presentant a la fois un grand nombre d'especes de parasites ainsi qu’une forte prevalence d’ectoparasites et de parasites gastro-intestinaux avaient une meilleure c","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"3 1","pages":"60-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70563010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing women's participation in community-based conservation: key to success?","authors":"O. Razafindratsima, A. Dunham","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V10I2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring that both men and women benefit equitably from conservation and development programs is likely to increase the long-term success of both conservation and development goals. However, despite numerous international agreements and national policies highlighting the important relationship between gender , environment and sustainable development, implementation is often weak and gender is often neglected or inadequately addressed in conservation initiatives (Westerman and Benbow 201 4). Since women play critical roles in natural resource use, information transfer, and societal reinforcement of resource use practices (Agarwal 2009), there is a need to ensure that they are as well integrated into community-based conservation projects as men at all levels, from micro-development projects to management and decision-making structures. Cultural practices and traditional gender roles may make this challenging; however, such an approach could substantially improve the outcomes of conservation and development actions. In Madagascar, there is currently an urgent need and also an opportunity to mainstream the integration of gender in conservation planning and implementation. Madagascar holds some of the most unique and biodiverse ecosystems on Earth, but is currently facing an environmental crisis that threatens both its biological wealth and the human livelihoods that depend on it. Mada-gascar's forests are among the most threatened ecosystems in the world, and support about 1 4.5 million people (ca. 65% of the population) who rely on forest resources for their subsistence (Chao 201 2). Efforts to stem this crisis have led to a rise in community based conservation initiatives in Madagascar including the Government's recent earmarking of 94 new protected areas tota-ling more than 6 million hectares and about 1 0% of the remaining forest. These new protected areas will each be tied to a community based conservation effort run through a local or foreign NGO. While this is a giant leap in addressing Madagascar's environmental crisis, there will be significant challenges in implementing and effectively addressing the coupled environmental and human dimensions. Given the high dependence of the nation's people on forest resources (e.g., for food and construction), the successful integration of both men and women into these initiatives will be critical for their success. The importance of a gender-responsive strategy to conservation is also addressed in decisions and recommendations set forth by the Convention for Biological Diversity (UNEP 201 0, 201 4), for which Madagascar is a party. As such, there has been a recent increase in gender considerations in conservation initiatives throughout the …","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70562876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of a forest corridor between Marojejy, Anjanaharibe- Sud and Tsaratanana protected areas, northern Madagascar, in maintaining endemic and threatened Malagasy taxa","authors":"Jeanneney Rabearivony, M. Rasamoelina, J. Raveloson, Hajanirina Rakotomanana, A. P. Raselimanana, N. Raminosoa, J. Zaonarivelo","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V10I2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Site-based conservation is widely recognized as a fundamental requirement for the maintenance of biodiversity. We carried out a rapid biological assessment from 17 March to 14 May 2011 in the southwestern part of the provisionally protected rainforest corridor between Marojejy, Anjanaharibe-Sud and Tsaratanana protected areas (COMATSA), northern Madagascar, to assess its biodiversity richness and species conservation status. We recorded 248 endemic vertebrate species, including 80 amphibians, 52 reptiles, 79 birds, 27 small mammals and 10 lemurs. Of these 248 species, 36 are threatened including one Critically Endangered (one lemur), nine Endangered (two amphibians, four reptiles and three lemurs) and 26 Vulnerable (10 amphibians, six reptiles, four birds, one small mammal and five lemurs). For herpetofauna species, the pair COMATSA – Marojejy was the only site that had a similarity value greater than 0.50. For birds and lemurs, values of similarity in three pairs of sites COMATSA – Marojejy, COMATSA – Anjanaharibe-Sud and Marojejy – Anjanaharibe-Sud exceeded those of herpetofauna in COMATSA – Marojejy. The inclusion of the COMATSA into the new protected area network in Madagascar is supported by our findings. Resume Il est dorenavant largement reconnu que pour maintenir la biodiversite, il est fondamental de realiser la conservation de la nature au niveau des sites. Un inventaire biologique rapide a ete mene du 17 mars au 14 mai 2011 dans la partie sud-ouest du couloir forestier reliant les parcs et reserves du Marojejy, d’Anjanaharibe-Sud et du Tsaratanana (COMATSA). L’inventaire de ce couloir qui beneficie d’un statut de protection temporaire dans la partie septentrionale de Madagascar, etait destine a evaluer la richesse de sa biodiversite et le statut de conservation des especes de vertebres qu’il heberge. Les resultats ont montre que parmi les 248 especes endemiques de vertebres recensees, 80 sont des amphibiens, 52 des reptiles, 79 des oiseaux, 27 des petits mammiferes et 10 des lemuriens. Sur ces 248 especes, 36 sont menacees, dont une espece qui est en Danger Critique d’Extinction (lemurien), neuf en Danger (deux amphibiens, quatre reptiles et trois lemuriens) et 26 Vulnerables (10 amphibiens, six reptiles, quatre oiseaux, un micromammifere et cinq lemuriens). Ce couloir forestier presente un coefficient de similarite eleve, d’une valeur superieure a 0.50 avec le Marojejy pour les amphibiens et les reptiles. Pour les oiseaux et les lemuriens, les coefficients sont encore plus importants, plus particulierement dans les comparaisons COMATSA – Marojejy, COMATSA – Anjanaharibe-Sud et Marojejy – Anjanaharibe-Sud. Cette etude confirme l’importance d’integrer le COMATSA dans le reseau des Aires Protegees de Madagascar pour renforcer la protection des especes de vertebres endemiques et menacees.","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.V10I2.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70563082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-based conservation in Madagascar, the `cure-all´ solution?","authors":"Lena M. Reibelt, J. Nowack","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V10I1.S1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V10I1.S1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.V10I1.S1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70563166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation communautaire de la forêt humide de basse altitude d’Andriantantely, Madagascar","authors":"Maholy Ravaloharimanitra, Hery Randriahaingo, Lova Harilala Ranaivosoa, Christelle Chamberlan, Tony King","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V10I1.S5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V10I1.S5","url":null,"abstract":"Andriantantely is a lowland rainforest fragment situated in the Brickaville District of eastern Madagascar, to the south-east of the Ankeniheny-Zahamena forest Corridor. Andriantantely is recognised as a priority site for the conservation of biodiversity in general, and of four species of Critically Endangered lemurs: Prolemur simus , Varecia variegata , Indri indri , and Propithecus diadema . Approximately 4,000 ha in size, the forest extends into five different rural communes, and is impacted by many villages and hamlets, some of which are found within the forest itself. Eight VOI (local community associations) from three communes (Lohariandava, Fanasanagare and Fetraomby) are interested in management transfer contracts for parts of Andriantantely. Since 2010, The Aspinall Foundation works with the VOIs for the conservation of Prolemur simus , other lemurs, and their habitats, which helped lead to the removal of P. simus from the 25 most endangered primates list in 2012. The conservation strategy was developed following a socio-economic survey undertaken in 2010 which aimed to identify the factors limiting the conservation of the species and its habitat. The main issues identified were poverty of local people and lack of awareness of the value of biodiversity. The first conservation action undertaken was the initiation of a patrol system with local community rangers which increased understanding and protection of the monitored P. simus groups. Simultaneously, awareness-raising missions were organised within the communities living close to the P. simus sites, aimed at changing local attitudes to natural resources, and particularly lemurs. These initial activities led to the VOIs asking the Foundation for assistance in obtaining their management transfer contracts. The first contract was signed in January 2014, but several others need completion, and the development of a long-term conservation strategy for the entire Andriantantely forest, implicating local communities in a true and effective manner, is still required. Environmental education activities have followed the initial awareness-raising missions, to instill practices of rational natural resource use to assure rural development that is respectful of the environment. Much work is still required over a long time period before this rational use might be adopted by the local population in general, by VOI members and non-members alike. RESUME La foret humide de basse altitude d’Andriantantely est situee dans le district de Brickaville, au sud-est du corridor Ankeniheny- Zahamena dans l’est de Madagascar. Andriantantely est reconnu comme site prioritaire pour la conservation de la biodiversite en general, mais egalement pour celle de quatre especes de lemurien en Danger Critique d’Extinction, a savoir Prolemur simus, Varecia variegata, Indri indri et Propithecus diadema . Avec une superficie d’environ 4 000 ha, la foret d’Andriantantely s’etend sur cinq communes rurales et concerne plusieurs v","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.V10I1.S5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70562780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-managed conservation efforts at Tsingy Mahaloka/KOFAMA, northern Madagascar: Right place at the wrong time?","authors":"Ian C Colquhoun","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V10I1.S6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V10I1.S6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a retrospective account of efforts, from 2007 to 2013, to establish a community-managed protected area just south of Ankarana National Park that would encompass the limestone massif known locally as Tsingy Mahaloka and adjacent remnant forest patches. Community members of the rural commune of Antsiravibe came together in 2007 and, with support from the Peace Corps, formed KOFAMA ( Koperativa Fikambanana Ankarabe Mitsinjo Arivo ) to oversee management of the Tsingy Mahaloka site. When KOFAMA was initially established, Tsingy Mahaloka was envisioned as an ecotourist destination. Ecotourism is a pillar of the new IUCN “Lemurs of Madagascar” conservation action plan (2013–2016), and can allow rural communities to (i) secure revenue for habitat protection; (ii) create economic incentives and benefits for residents; and, (iii) facilitate locally-supported conservation efforts. Ecotourism to Tsingy Mahaloka was seen as a means for future sustainable development in the area. KOFAMA, as the local organization to be responsible for management of the protected area, was intended to operate by a “bottom-up” approach, where local stakeholders take active participation and leadership in decision-making affecting the protected area. But, obviously, an ecotourist site needs tourists; this has proven to be a problem for KOFAMA and the Tsingy Mahaloka site. The Tsingy Mahaloka site, on the face of it, would appear to offer much that would attract and educate ecotourists, including: striking topography (the massif’s sheer limestone cliffs rising 80–100 metres above a flat coastal plain), a diverse endemic avifauna, a resident crowned lemur population, and extensive caves containing human burials made over generations. However, the site’s relatively remote location and Madagascar’s recent political crisis have worked against Tsingy Mahaloka becoming established as a site that ecotourists regularly visit. Regardless, a core group of local residents remain committed to the project’s original goals. At this point in KOFAMA’s history, however, an initial assessment of the organization draws attention to the limits of a “build it and they will come” approach to ecotourism, sustainable development, and locally-managed conservation efforts. The struggles encountered by KOFAMA in its efforts to oversee the Tsingy Mahaloka site highlight the importance of detailed ethnographic and socioeconomic work prior to embarking on such locally-managed conservation efforts. RESUME Le present compte rendu porte sur une retrospective des efforts deployes de 2007 a 2013 pour etablir une aire protegee au sud du Parc National de l’Ankarana et qui concerne le massif calcaire du Tsingy Mahaloka ainsi que ce qu’il reste de foret sur sa peripherie. En 2007, les membres de la communaute de la commune rurale d’Antsiravibe se sont organises avec le soutien des volontaires du Corps de la Paix pour former le KOFAMA ( Koperativa Fikambanana Ankarabe Mitsinjo Arivo ) afin de superv","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.V10I1.S6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70562819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving livelihoods, training para-ecologists, enthralling children: Earning trust for effective community- based biodiversity conservation in Andasibe, eastern Madagascar","authors":"R. Dolch, Jean-Noël Ndriamiary, T. Ratolojanahary, M. Randrianasolo, I. Ramanantenasoa","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V10I1S4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V10I1S4","url":null,"abstract":"The rainforests of eastern Madagascar are shrinking due to population growth, poverty-driven land degradation and widespread ignorance of ecological dynamics. This has resulted in large-scale transformation and fragmentation of these forests, threatening their unique biodiversity. Many of these problems are also manifest in and around the village of Andasibe. Based on the example of Association Mitsinjo, and drawing from more than a decade of experience of community-based natural resource management in Andasibe, we highlight the challenges and successes of a community-run conservation organization that builds trust through a holistic approach resting on five building blocks: (i) management transfer of natural resources to the local community, (ii) community-based nature tourism, (iii) training of para-scientists, (iv) rainforest restoration and improving local livelihoods, and (v) environmental education. This has resulted in the creation and legal protection of two community-run reserves, Analamazaotra and Torotorofotsy, accompanied by ecological monitoring programs. We illustrate how handing over responsibilities to local communities can be a promising approach to conserving natural resources and biodiversity in Madagascar and elsewhere. RESUME La superficie des forets tropicales de l’est de Madagascar diminue avec la croissance demographique, la degradation des terres par effet de la pauvrete, ainsi que par l'ignorance generale des interrelations ecologiques. Tout cela a abouti a une transformation profonde et etendue ainsi qu’a la fragmentation de ces forets qui menacent leur biodiversite. Ces problemes globaux sont pour la plupart rencontres a la peripherie du village d'Andasibe. Ici, l’exemple de l'Association Mitsinjo est presente avec plus d’une decennie d’experience en gestion communautaire des ressources naturelles a Andasibe. Sont ainsi exposes les defis et les succes d'une organisation de conservation geree par la communaute qui gagne la confiance a travers une approche posee sur cinq piliers : (i) le transfert de gestion des ressources naturelles a la communaute locale, (ii) l’ecotourisme a base communautaire, (iii) la formation de para-scientifiques, (iv) la restauration de la foret tropicale humide en augmentant les moyens de subsistance des gens vivant sur la peripherie, et (v) l’education environnementale. Les actions entreprises ont abouti a la creation et la protection efficace de deux reserves gerees par la communaute, accompagnees de programmes de surveillance ecologique. Grâce a la responsabilisation des collectivites locales dans la protection de la biodiversite, elles montrent une fierte des actions entreprises qui est un indice prometteur pour la conservation des ressources naturelles et de la biodiversite a Madagascar et ailleurs.","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"10 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70562832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}