Biotechnology Letters最新文献

{"title":"An effective strategy for soluble bovine enterokinase expression in Escherichia coli.","authors":"Akanksha, Manjul Tripathi, Krishna Jyoti Mukherjee, Gaurav Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03655-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-025-03655-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine enterokinase light chain (bEkL) is a serine protease, widely used for the specific cleavage of affinity tags from various recombinant proteins. However, getting soluble expression in Escherichia coli is a challenging task given the presence of multiple cysteines and four disulfide bonds. Strategies that have only been partially successful involve mutating the gene or covalent attachment of solubility tags. We demonstrate a simpler and more efficient production method that combines different strategies like co-expressing the GroES-GroEL chaperone in E. coli SHuffle cells, lowering temperatures to 18 °C post-induction, and ensuring the sufficient accumulation of GroES-GroEL in the cytoplasm before inducing the bEkL gene. A trade-off exists between producing too little GroES-GroEL and promoting inclusion body formation (of bEkL) or expressing too much GroES-GroEL thereby reducing bEkL yields. This optimum level was determined by varying the time difference between the two inductions, and the best results obtained when the co-expressed pGro7 plasmid was induced 2 h before bEkL induction, thus avoiding inclusion body formation. Interestingly, when we delayed the induction of GroES-GroEL to an OD₆₀₀ of 4, which in turn further delayed the induction of bEkL to an OD₆₀₀ of 10, we observed a slowdown in expression rates, but a further improvement in soluble yields. These yields increased over a 36 h long period post-induction at 18 °C in TB medium, where nutrient starvation was prevented by the addition of a concentrated pulse of substrate 20 h post-induction. This slow and steady buildup of soluble bEkL in the cellular cytoplasm allowed us to reach a concentration of 10 mg L^-1 with a high specific activity of approximately 5,000 AU µg^-1. Finally, Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was used to purify the soluble bEkL, and we obtained > 90% homogenous bEkL protein product. The enzymatic activity of this protein was tested using a fusion protein, containing an enterokinase recognition site, as a substrate which showed that the net increase in activity was around 20-fold compared to the initial expression levels obtained with SHuffle cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 5","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the properties of Rhizobium sp. HR1101-4 exopolysaccharide: introducing a novel exopolysaccharide in food industry.","authors":"Umma Ayman Tishun, Farzana Sayed Sraboni, Mst Mamotaz Mohal, Md Rahat Manik, Shoriful Islam Joy, Asad Syed, Ling Shing Wong, Shirmin Islam, Md Abu Saleh, Shahriar Zaman","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03660-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-025-03660-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) exhibit distinct physiological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-microbial activities that may have a range of industrial, pharmaceutical, and medical uses. This study aimed to separate, purify, and examine the properties of the Rhizobium sp. HR1101-4 EPS. The optimum parameter set (time, temperature, pH, sugar) for the production of EPS was determined. The highest yield was obtained at a temperature of 39 °C, a pH range of 8-10, and using mannose (0.2%) as the carbon source. The results of FT-IR and the NMR analysis revealed that the EPS is a mixture of hexoses with possible pentose sugars. Moreover, this structure showed positive antibiofilm activity against five pathogenic bacteria; Acinetobacter sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella sp., and Shigella flexneri, as well as antioxidant activity (42%). Furthermore, the high water-holding (355%) and oil-holding capacity (170%) of the EPS may enhance the nutritional value and rheological characteristics of food products. The improved emulsifying activity of mustard oil suggested potential use for stabilizing emulsions. Additionally, the EPS showed promising flocculating activity, indicating its potential application in treatment of industrial wastewater. This also could be employed as a safe rheological agent and a nutritious food-grade additive for industrial use, paving the way for manufacturing innovation in near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 5","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lethal endotoxin (ccdB) based counterselection improved the efficiency of sequential gene editing in Escherichia coli.","authors":"Shiyao Zou, Weiqi Chen, Ying Cao, Xiaolan Liu, Jinhua Wang, Yongze Wang, Shengde Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03642-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-025-03642-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The CRISPR/Cas9-based technology has been used for sequential gene editing in E. coli. The plasmids carrying the sgRNA and/or Cas9 genes need to be cured after each round of editing. Curing of these plasmids, particularly the sgRNA plasmid, limits the efficiency of sequential gene editing. In this study, a lethal endotoxin (ccdB) based counterselection was established for improving the overall efficiency of sequential gene editing in E. coli. This approach was validated for sequential editing (deletion) of cstA and ppsA genes in HBUT-P2 strain (W derivative). The experimental results showed that the transformation efficiency of sgRNA plasmid (pTargetF-tcr-P_L-ccdB-N20) reached 10⁸-10⁹ cfu/μg_-DNA, resulting in a 100% and 93.75% recombination rate for cstA and ppsA gene, respectively. Upon completion of cstA gene editing, the sgRNA plasmid (pTargetF-tcr-P_L-ccdB-N20 (cstA)) was effectively cured through ccdB based counterselection at 42 °C, with a 43.75% efficiency. At the end of sequential editing of ppsA gene, both Cas9 (25A) and sgRNA (pTargetF-tcr-P_L-ccdB-N20 (ppsA)) plasmids were cured simultaneously through the sacB and ccdB based counterselections by incubating the cells on LB-sucrose (5%) plate at 42 °C, achieving a curing rate of 100% for Cas9 plasmid (25A), 37.5% for sgRNA plasmid (pTargetF-tcr-P_L-ccdB-N20 (ppsA)), and 37.5% for both Cas9 and sgRNA plasmids. Moreover, this approach was further validated through efficient site-specific insertion of the csc operon into the slmA gene in DH5α (K12 derivative) and S322 (C derivative) strains. These results demonstrated that the endotoxin (ccdB) based counterselection improved the transformation efficiency of sgRNA plasmid, the recombination rate of the editing target gene, the curing rate of sgRNA plasmid, and the overall efficiency of sequential gene editing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 5","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the diversity of produced water bacteria with hydrocarbon-degrading potential using MALDI-TOF MS and multivariate statistical analyses.","authors":"Maryam Al-Kaabi, Nabil Zouari, Mohammad Yousaf Ashfaq, Mohammad A Al-Ghouti","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03641-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03641-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The success of bioremediation of produced water relies on the use of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. Hence, the selection of highly tolerant endogenous strains from produced water is crucial to designing successful bioremediation. However, the employed isolation and screening approaches are, in general, long. Integrative and rapid approaches based on microbiological and molecular techniques are now required due to the frequent fluctuation of the composition of the produced water. Here, enrichment cultures at high toxicity followed by protein profiling using MALDI-TOF MS were shown to be efficient in clustering the endogenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and help select the potential candidates. Several bacterial strains (n = 18) were isolated from produced water sampled from Qatar's North Field natural gas production. Fourteen strains were identified as Bacillus cereus (n = 14), and one as Staphylococcus hominis (n = 1) using MALDI-TOF MS. Three strains were identified as Aneurinibacillus humi (n = 2) and Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus (n = 1) through ribotyping. The strains were further differentiated based on their protein profiles using MALDI-TOF MS and multivariate statistical analyses. Multivariate analyses (composite correlation index, principal component analysis, and dendrogram) demonstrated substantial diversity among the isolates, highlighting their potential as robust candidates for bioremediation and produced water treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 5","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immobilizing D-lactonohydrolase with 3D-printed hollow filaments to improve the enzyme stability and reusability.","authors":"Xuefeng Tu, Sifang Zhou, Can Yang, Fei Chang, Jie Liu, Hua Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03658-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-025-03658-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>D-pantothenate is one of the essential micronutrients required by the organism. Stereoselective D-lactonohydrolase (D-lac) can hydrolyze DL-pantolactone into D-pantoic acid, the precursor of D-pantothenate. In this study, the D-lac gene from Fusarium moniliforme was heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli. Subsequently, coaxial 3D printing was employed, using sodium alginate containing the recombinant cells and CaCl₂ as printing materials. The coaxial nozzle was used to print hollow filaments for the immobilization of recombinant cells. After optimizing the printing conditions, the printed immobilization cells exhibited higher stability and a wider range of reaction conditions (such as pH and temperature) compared to the free cells. After 20 reaction cycles, the enzyme activity maintained approximately 80% of original. The printed hollow filaments were confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microchannel structures and large specific surface of filaments may facilitate substrate exchange and enhance catalytic efficiency. The results indicated that the 3D printed hollow filaments can be used as a potential material for enzyme immobilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 5","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing lipase activity in Aspergillus niger through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated protease gene knockout and fermentation optimization.","authors":"Hongmei Nie, Zebin Wang, Zhenkai Lin, Yan Gao, Yinjun Zhang, Jianyong Zheng, Yong Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03657-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-025-03657-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The engineered Aspergillus niger strain AnCALB005 was selected as the research strain, which is a high-yield strain of Candida antarctica B lipase constructed in our laboratory. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout was employed to construct the multiple protease-deficient strains targeting five genes (pepA, pepB, pepC, pepE and pepF) in the A. niger AnCALB005. Among the engineered variants, a triple-knockout strain lacking pepA, pepB, and pepF demonstrated 56% enhanced hydrolytic lipase activity relative to the parental strain. Fermentation culture conditions were initially screened through single-factor experiments. Building on these results, critical parameters were statistically determined via Plackett-Burman (PB) design. This was followed by a steepest ascent method combined with Box-Behnken (BB) response surface methodology. Key factors influencing lipase production (identified as maltose concentration, corn steep concentration, and shaking speed) were optimized. The final optimized fermentation conditions comprised: maltose (52 g/L), corn steep (52 g/L), K₂HPO₄ (5 g/L), soybean cake flour (30 g/L), initial pH 6.5, inoculation amount 10% (v/v), and shaking speed 220 rpm. Under the optimized fermentation conditions, Shake-flask validation of the engineered A. niger yielded a lipase activity of 46.66 U/mL, representing an increase of 92.01%. Scale-up fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor applying these optimized conditions over 120 h of cultivation achieved a lipase activity of 79.31 U/mL.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 5","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporation of transmembrane protein antigens into phospholipid bilayers supported on silica microbeads using membrane fusion with budded virions of recombinant baculovirus.","authors":"Kohei Nakanishi, Seiwa Nishio, Yushi Isozaki, Masahiro Tomita, Kanta Tsumoto","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03654-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03654-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the reconstitution of artificial cell membranes, silica microbeads are often selected as scaffolds to reinforce fragile lipid membranes; these bilayer-covered beads are often called spherical supported lipid bilayer membranes (SS-BLMs). SS-BLMs were made through the adsorption of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) preformed from a mixture of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Fluorescence microscopic observation showed that budded viruses (BVs) of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) labeled with octadecyl rhodamine B chloride (R18) could fuse and be optimally distributed homogeneously over the SS-BLMs when using a combination of PC and PS. We also demonstrated that when BVs expressing the recombinant transmembrane protein, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), like β2 adrenergic receptor and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1, the protein could be specifically visualized on SS-BLMs by immunofluorescence microscopy. This indicates that recombinant proteins were incorporated into the spherical supported lipid bilayers through virion-lipid bilayer membrane fusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 5","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach for the in vitro assay of phospholipase C and its application in analyzing the effect of calcium and pH on populus PsnPLC.","authors":"Yao Sun, Chunhui Yang, Xin Sun, Yao Li, Qiong Wu, Di Fu, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03656-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-025-03656-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C plays a crucial role in the trans-membrane and lipid signal transduction. Previous studies have elucidated the biological functions of PI-PLC. However, its function mechanism has not been fully understood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We present a novel approach to analyze the in vitro activity of phospholipase C from Populus simonii x P. nigra. The results indicate that the optimal condition for PsnPLC activity is pH 7.4/10 μM Ca²⁺. The increase of Ca²⁺ and pH, as well as the deletion of the EF-hand domain or C2 domain, will lead to the reduced PsnPLC activity. Electrophoresis migration shift assays confirm that PsnPLC could bind Ca²⁺ in vitro, while conditions of Ca²⁺ binding and pH 8.8 might lead to its degradation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings identify Ca²⁺ and pH as key factors modulating PsnPLC function, which will provide evidence linking PI-PLC and the Ca²⁺ signaling network.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 5","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extremophilic microbes tolerate high concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs).","authors":"Hannah S Zurier, Chloe Hart, Stephanie Napieralski, William R Henson, Scott Banta, Katarzyna H Kucharzyk","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03653-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-025-03653-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As demand for rare earth elements (REEs) increases, biotechnological solutions to their extraction and purification are becoming more critical. Identification of chassis organisms capable of surviving in high REE concentrations is a crucial step towards development of sustainable biotechnologies. In this study, we show that growth of mesophilic Escherichia coli is not significantly inhibited by < 300 µM REEs in complex media of, but in phosphate-depleted minimal media a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) for REEs is 80 ± 100 µM. REE-utilizing mesophile Pseudomonas alloputida KT2440 is growth-impaired in presence of REEs, with an IC₅₀ of 100 ± 20 µM. In contrast, we demonstrate that extreme acidophiles survive in conditions of 500 µM REEs without apparent inhibition of growth. Indeed, we observe that hyperacidophilic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans, and A. caldus appear to enter log phase earlier in presence of REEs and grow to significantly higher densities. Acidophilic archaeon Sulfulobus acidocaldarius, a hyperthermophile, is similarly not significantly inhibited by 500 µM REEs. These data indicate that acidophiles have broad-range stress tolerance mechanisms that apply to REE stress. Importance: Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential for a diverse and expanding range of high-technology applications, which are an important part of the industrial economy. Application of biomining technologies could introduce \"greener\" extraction and processing steps, however, many fundamental challenges must be addressed before a biological approach to REEs recovery and separation can be fully adopted at scale. Fundamentally, any chassis organism used for REE biomining must be able to tolerate high concentrations of REEs, and existing literature along with this study demonstrate that neutrophilic mesophiles are highly sensitive to REEs. In contrast, we demonstrate that mesophilic extreme acidophiles and thermophilic acidophiles exhibit inherent REE tolerance. This phenomenon highlights their potential for bioprocessing and corroborates existing evidence that the extremophile response to REE presence may allow for broader adaptation behavior in comparison to other model chassis strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 5","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial cellulose production under agitated culture conditions using tobacco waste extract by a strain of Komagataeibacter sp. isolated from rotten mango.","authors":"Xianmei Hu, Yongjiang Zhang, Xianyi Shao, Xuepeng Yang, Zhan Zhang, Xianzhong Yin, Yongming Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03652-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-025-03652-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to isolate an efficient bacterial cellulose (BC)-producing strain from rotten mango, optimize BC production though single-factor tests followed by Box-Behnken design (BBD) under agitated culture conditions using tobacco waste extract as the medium, and conduct the characterization of BC via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Komagataeibacter sp. XMZ1 with a high-efficiency BC biosynthesis capacity was successfully isolated from rotten mango. Subsequently, BBD was utilized to optimize the co-supplementation of lactic acid, ethanol, and yeast extract, demonstrating this statistical approach to be a reliable tool for both optimization and predictive modeling of BC yield. The optimized medium containing 2.1 g/L lactic acid, 1% (v/v) ethanol, and 2 g/L yeast extract resulted in a 2.1-fold enhancement of BC production, increasing the yield from 4.20 g/L to 8.85 g/L. The characterization of BC through FTIR, SEM and XRD revealed that BC produced under agitated culture conditions maintained similar chemical functional groups as the BC produced under static culture. However, the agitated culture products exhibited a more porous fibrillar network and a reduced crystallinity index.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This present study provides valuable insights into BC production under agitated culture conditions by making use of tobacco waste. Additionally, it offers BC structural characterizations that are relevant to potential industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 5","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}