Biotechnology Letters最新文献

{"title":"Edible layered double hydroxide nanoparticles on 3D scaffolds for accelerated biological cell development.","authors":"Mingyang Lv, Qi Wu, Yi Xu, Fei Guan, Xianggui Kong, Wenying Shi","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03792-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-026-03792-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By 2050, surging global population will intensify food insecurity, making it imperative to develop innovative strategies that boost plant productivity. Plants are our core food supply. Engineered nanoparticles have emerged as promising growth stimulants; however, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), despite their efficacy, are inedible and pose eco-toxicity concerns that restrict their agrobiological deployment. Furthermore, conventional whole-tissue studies obscure individual cell responses, preventing precise characterization of nanoparticle-cell interactions. Here, we introduce magnesium-aluminium layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) nanoparticles, which is a food-grade material derived from commercial antacid formulations, that outperformed CNTs in accelerating plant cell development. This enhancement is suggested to be associated with the presence of magnesium ions and the positively charged LDH surface architecture, although the detailed molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling continuous directed evolution with base editors identifies combinatorial antibiotic resistance.","authors":"Hong Wang, Jiamei Wang, Di Zhang, Guangdong Shang","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03791-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-026-03791-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), mainly caused by the mutation of antibiotic resistance genes, poses a great threat to human health. Clinically, TEM-1 β-lactamase encoding bla_TEM-1 gene is the most frequently occurred antibiotic resistance gene. Identification, characterization, and monitor of high antibiotic resistance bla_TEM-1 mutants are crucial to AMR research and would provide the guidance for the development of next-generation antibiotics. To this end, we report here the adaption of the continuous directed evolution (CDE) along with base editor (BE) gene editing strategy to discover TEM-1 mutants. Firstly, TEM-1 mutants were identified in single-copy bacterial artificial chromosome vector via BE-mediated CDE. Then each mutant genotype was verified in high copy number pUC plasmid. Finally, combinatorial antibiotic resistance was observed when the TEM-1 phenotypes generated in CDE were combined with that of the reported TEM-1 variants. The Escherichia coli strain harboring the vector cloned with 10 TEM-1 mutations showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1280 μg/mL to antibiotic cefotaxime, which is the highest data reported thus far. The research highlights the application of gene editing methods to provide insight into the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the membrane-enriched proteome of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells following induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress.","authors":"Christiana-Kondylo Sideri, Michael Henry, David Ryan, Paula Meleady","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03784-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-026-03784-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the dominant platform for monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. Despite their widespread use, an understanding of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during recombinant protein production remains limited, often creating bottlenecks that hinder improvements in production titres and product quality. Because many critical regulators of protein folding, processing and quality control are membrane-embedded or membrane-associated, they are frequently underrepresented in whole-cell lysate proteomic analyses. In this study, we applied a membrane proteome enrichment strategy to selectively enhance detection of ER-resident and secretory pathway proteins and thereby improve the resolution of ER stress responses in recombinant CHO cell lines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sustained ER stress was induced using tunicamycin for 72 h in two IgG producing CHO cell lines, CHO DP-12 and NISTCHO. Membrane-enriched proteomes were analysed using label-free quantitative LC-MS/MS, followed by orthogonal validation using targeted LC-MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Membrane enrichment expanded coverage of ER-resident and secretory pathway proteins, revealing minimal overlap with whole-cell lysate analyses. ER stress induced distinct, pathway-level changes in the two cell lines that were more clearly resolved in the membrane fraction. In CHO DP‑12 cells, ER stress resulted in decreased abundance of proteins involved in protein folding, oxidative folding, and glycosylation, together with altered abundance of proteins involved in ER-associated degradation (ERAD) suggesting remodelling of the ER quality-control network and a potential shift towards enhanced clearance of misfolded proteins. In contrast, NISTCHO cells showed more moderate changes, including increased abundance of several ER chaperones and oxidative folding proteins, alongside comparatively limited changes in degradation-related pathways. Targeted LC-MS using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) confirmed the direction of regulation of a panel of these proteins, providing additional confidence in the observed trends.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights membrane proteomics as an important approach for studying ER-associated processes relevant to CHO cell function under ER stress conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and functional characterization of recombinant chimeras as vaccine candidates against Lawsonia intracellularis.","authors":"Ana Vitória Costa, Neida L Conrad, João Pedro G Greco, Frederico S Kremer, Fábio P L Leite","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03786-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-026-03786-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proliferative enteropathy is a gastrointestinal disease caused by the intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis, affecting swine populations worldwide and leading to significant economic losses due to reduced growth performance, increased mortality, and treatment expenses. Current vaccines present limitations related to production processes, stability, and overall cost. This study aimed to design and evaluat chimeric proteins containing immunogenic epitopes of L. intracellularis. A recombinant chimera, designated Li_full, was rationally designed in silico by integrating predicted B-cell and MHC epitopes relevant to swine immunity. To further investigate the immunogenic potential of distinct regions, Li_full was subdivided into three fractions (Li_1, Li_2, and Li_3). All constructs were cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system, allowing efficient production and biochemical characterization of the recombinant proteins. Antigenicity was confirmed by strong reactivity with sera from naturally infected pigs. Immunogenicity was assessed through vaccination in mice, which developed significantly (p < 0.05) elevated antibody titers, demonstrating the ability of the chimeras to elicit robust humoral immune responses. The integration of bioinformatics-driven epitope prediction with recombinant DNA technology represents a promising and innovative strategy for controlling proliferative enteropathy. This study underscores the value of in silico design strategies for the development of targeted veterinary immunogens and provides a foundation for further research aimed at evaluating protective efficacy under field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on metabolic engineering for efficient squalene synthesis in yeast cell factories.","authors":"Chen Yang, Chuanbo Zhang, Wenyu Lu","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03785-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-026-03785-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Squalene, a naturally occurring triterpenoid, is widely utilized in the food, pharmaceutical, and vaccine adjuvant industries. Conventional production methods, which rely on extraction from shark liver oil or plant sources, are limited by ecological sustainability concerns and low extraction efficiency. Recent progress in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering has enabled the development of sustainable and efficient microbial platforms for squalene biosynthesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biosynthetic pathways of squalene in yeast, summarizes key metabolic engineering strategies, and highlights recent advancements in the field, with an emphasis on multi-organelle synergistic engineering and critical distinction of evidence sources. We focus on approaches such as enhancing the mevalonate pathway, modulating competing metabolic routes, applying subcellular compartmentalization engineering, optimizing cofactor balance, and implementing product efflux strategies. Notably, integrated strategies, particularly organelle engineering in Yarrowia lipolytica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have increased squalene titers to high levels (up to 55.8 g/L). These advances provide a useful basis for future metabolic engineering efforts aimed at improving squalene production and facilitating the synthesis of related terpenoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the molecular engineering of Geobacillus glycoside hydrolases as a source of industrial biocatalysts.","authors":"Hassina Bendjaballah, Mohamed Amine Gomri","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03781-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-026-03781-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review examines Geobacillus sensu stricto as a source of thermostable glycoside hydrolases (GH) for biomass conversion, food processing, and enzyme engineering. Recent peer-reviewed literature was assessed with emphasis on taxonomy, genome-based Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZyme) prediction, biochemical validation, structural data, and engineering case studies. Taxonomic boundaries were interpreted using current Anoxybacillaceae frameworks, with Parageobacillus treated as a related comparator rather than as Geobacillus. The strongest evidence supports GH13 alpha-amylases, xylan-active systems, beta-xylosidases, and selected accessory enzymes. Recent studies also show that genome mining must be coupled with enzymatic assays and product profiling because CAZyme annotation alone does not prove industrial function. Molecular engineering has improved relevant traits, including the longer thermal half-life of engineered G. stearothermophilus alpha-amylase variants, the increased catalytic efficiency of oligo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase variants, and improved AmyS expression in Bacillus subtilis. Geobacillus glycoside hydrolases are best interpreted as process-specific, engineerable biocatalytic templates. Their translation requires reliable taxonomy, functional validation, structural interpretation, scalable expression and testing on realistic substrates. This synthesis also recognises current limitations: many predicted CAZymes still lack biochemical validation, complete cellulolytic systems remain less mature than xylan- and starch-active systems, and scale-up data remain scarce.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors on carotenoid metabolism in Dunaliella salina.","authors":"Yue-Li Yuan, Jv-Liang Dai, Ling Xiao, Ming-Hua Liang, Jian-Guo Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03779-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-026-03779-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigenetic regulation refers to heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alteration of the DNA sequence, primarily mediated by DNA methylation. In this study, we applied two DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, zebularine (Zeb) and 5-azacytidine (5-Azac), to alter the epigenetic landscape of Dunaliella salina and observe the resulting phenotypic changes. Long-term (40-day) treatment revealed that, on Day 40, Zeb dose-dependently increased the proportion of 9-cis β-carotene from 52.4% in the control to 82.0% at 50 μM, and further to 91.9% at 100 μM. In contrast, 5-Azac (200 μM) promoted the accumulation of α-carotenoids (α-carotene and lutein) while reducing β-carotene content. To explain these long-term metabolic shifts, we performed short-term (4-day) treatments to assess global DNA methylation and transcriptional responses of key carotenogenic genes. Unexpectedly, both DNMT inhibitors were associated with a modest increase in 5-methylcytosine levels in D. salina, contrary to the canonical expectation of demethylation. qRT-PCR revealed that 100 μM Zeb broadly upregulated carotenogenic genes, especially β-carotene isomerase (DsBCI), correlating with 9-cis enrichment. In contrast, 200 μM 5-Azac suppressed phytoene synthase (DsPSY) while upregulating lycopene ε-cyclase (DsLCYE) and β-carotene hydroxylase (DsBCH), redirecting flux toward α-carotenoids. Overall, chemical inhibition of DNA methyltransferases reprogrammed the carotenoid metabolism of D. salina. Zeb treatment markedly elevated 9-cis β-carotene levels, whereas 5-Azac promoted a relative enrichment of α-carotenoids. These findings implicate epigenetic regulation in carotenoid metabolism in D. salina and could provide a basis for future strategies aimed at the biotechnological production of high-value 9-cis β-carotene.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant AflQ: a novel fungal-derived protein with potent antibacterial properties.","authors":"Marwah M Ohmayed, Dhafer Fakhri Al-Rawi, Harith K Buniya","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03783-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-026-03783-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, threaten global food security and public health due to their carcinogenic and immunosuppressive effects. To exploit Key enzymatic steps in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway for therapeutic applications, the aflQ gene (also Known ordA) -wich encodes acytochrome P450 monooxygenase capable of generating reactive oxidative species -was targeted as a candidate antimicrobial agent. This study aims to extract and characterize the aflQ gene (known as ordA) from the Aspergillus niger fungus isolated from grain silos in Anbar Governorate, ands proteomically evaluate it as an innovative antimicrobial. The methodology involved isolating the fungus and molecularly characterizing it by amplifying and sequencing a segment ofthe18S rRNA gene. The species identity was confirmed utilizing the BLAST tool in the NCBI database. The sequence was deposited in GenBank and received an Accession number (PV455323). Subsequently, amplification of the aflQ gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into the pET-30b( +) expression vector. The hybrid plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 bacteria, and gene expression was induced using IPTG. The protein production was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis at the predicted molecular weight of 63-64 kDa. The results showed that the recombinant AflQ protein exhibited significantly enhanced inhibitory potency, with inhibition diameters reaching 24 mm against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus and Enterococcus) and 12.5 mm against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and K. pneumoniae). Conversely, the control bacterial culture showed no inhibitory activity, verifying that the observed efficacy specific to the AflQ protein. The study concludes that the AflQ protein represents a new class of oxidoreductase/Cytochrome P450antimicrobial agents. It highlights the significance of utilizing cellular debris to reduce industrial production costs by eliminating expensive purification steps.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal immunization in mice with spore-associated serine-aspartate repeat-containing protein D from Staphylococcus aureus secreted in Bacillus subtilis.","authors":"Hoa T T Vo, Van K Pham, Kiet V T Ngo, Trinh T N Nguyen, Nhi N Y Nguyen, Thi Mong Diep Nguyen, Hoang Duc Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03782-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-026-03782-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing diseases ranging from mild skin infections to life-threatening conditions due to its diverse virulence factors. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains underscores the urgent need for an effective vaccine, though none has yet achieved clinical success. The nasal mucosa serves as a natural reservoir in about 30% of individuals and represents a key source of subsequent infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Among its virulence factors, SdrD, a surface-anchored MSCRAMM adhesin associated with methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA), promotes adherence to squamous epithelial cells by binding to desmoglein 1, facilitating epithelial attachment, evasion of mucociliary clearance, and subsequent invasion. Bacillus subtilis, an endotoxin-free organism recognized for its safety, has been extensively developed as a platform for secreted recombinant protein production. This study aimed to utilize the host strain B. subtilis to express and secrete recombinant SdrD antigen, using the control of a strong IPTG-inducible Pgrac212 promoter in a pHT expression vector for B. subtilis. Following IPTG induction, extracellular SdrD was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by Western blotting using anti-SdrD polyclonal antibodies. The intranasal administration of concentrated secretions, combined with B. subtilis spores as adjuvants, to mice elicited significant antigen-specific IgA and IgG responses, providing both mucosal and systemic immunity. The co-administration with spores enhanced both the magnitude and persistence of antibody responses compared to antigen alone. These findings demonstrate that B. subtilis can serve as an effective platform for recombinant protein secretion and mucosal antigen delivery, supporting its application in vaccine development against S. aureus infection via mucosal route.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148890952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mechanistic evaluation of sodium channel modulators in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes using fluorescence-based sodium flux imaging.","authors":"Su-Bin Kim, Jaehun Lee, Jieun An, Ara Cho, Kun Hee Lee, Eunho Kim, Hwan Choi, Jina Ryu, Ki-Suk Kim, Choongseong Han, Dong-Hun Woo","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03780-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-026-03780-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-induced cardiotoxicity remains a significant challenge in pharmaceutical development. While patch-clamp remains the gold standard for evaluating ion channel effects, its low throughput limits early-phase screening. Multi-electrode array (MEA) systems offer higher throughput but often fail to mechanistically distinguish between various sodium channel modulators, such as agonists versus antagonists. The purpose of this study was to develop a cardiac safety assessment method capable of mechanistically distinguishing sodium channel modulators. In this study, we developed a cardiac safety assessment method using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) combined with fluorescence-based intracellular Na⁺ flux imaging. We characterized hiPSC-CM batches by verifying the expression of key ion channel genes, including SCN5A, ATP1A1, and SLC8A1. Functional responses to sodium channel modulators were evaluated using MEA analysis. Intracellular Na⁺ intensity changes were quantified using the sodium sensitive dye CoroNa Green. MEA analysis confirmed functional responses to various Nav1.5 inhibitors and activators, though distinguishing specific modes of action was limited. By utilizing the sodium-sensitive dye CoroNa Green, we successfully quantified real-time Na⁺ intensity changes. Our results demonstrate that Nav1.5 activators (e.g., Aconitine) and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibitors (e.g., Ouabain, Digoxin) significantly increase intracellular Na⁺ levels at both 1-h and 24-h intervals. This imaging-based approach provides a mechanistic tool for distinguishing sodium channel modulators, offering an alternative for next-generation cardiovascular safety pharmacology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}