BiofoulingPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-07-06DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2026.2697909
Evelyn J Mannix, Bartholomew A Woodham
{"title":"An interpretable approach to automating the assessment of biofouling in video footage.","authors":"Evelyn J Mannix, Bartholomew A Woodham","doi":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2697909","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2697909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofouling-communities of organisms that grow on submerged hard surfaces-creates pathways for the spread of invasive marine species and diseases. To manage this risk, international vessels are increasingly required to demonstrate effective biofouling management, which in turn necessitates underwater inspections and the analysis of large volumes of hull imagery to verify biofouling status. Automated assessment with computer vision can streamline this process. This work shows how the interpretable Component Features (ComFe) approach, combined with a DINOv2 Vision Transformer (ViT) foundation model, can address this challenge efficiently and effectively. ComFe achieves competitive performance in comparison to previous non-interpretable CNN methods, with fewer parameters and greater transparency-highlighting which image regions and training examples drive classifications. All code, data, and model weights are publicly released.</p>","PeriodicalId":8898,"journal":{"name":"Biofouling","volume":" ","pages":"742-751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofoulingPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-07-15DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2026.2698814
Noorashikin Md Noor
{"title":"Plastisphere-biofouling nexus: a systematic and bibliometric synthesis of emerging microbial assemblages on microplastics in coastal waters.","authors":"Noorashikin Md Noor","doi":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2698814","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2698814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics in coastal waters provide persistent surfaces for microbial colonization and biofilm formation, supporting complex microbial assemblages known as the plastisphere. This study examines the plastisphere-biofouling nexus through a PRISMA-guided systematic review, bibliometric mapping, narrative-quantitative synthesis, and conceptual evidence integration of studies published between 2015 and 2025. From 1,248 records identified in Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus, 124 primary studies were retained for comparative synthesis. The reviewed evidence shows that microplastics frequently support distinct biofilm-associated microbial communities, although reported patterns vary across polymer type, exposure duration, environmental setting, microbial method, and biofilm measurement approach. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were repeatedly reported among dominant bacterial groups, while opportunistic genera such as <i>Vibrio</i> and <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> were detected in some plastisphere biofilms. Evidence for polymer-specific microbial diversity, contaminant retention, and environmental-driver effects remains context-dependent. Biofilm-coated microplastics may modify contaminant interactions under specific conditions, but current evidence does not support universal contaminant enhancement, confirmed pathogen transmission, or direct human health risk. This review identifies the plastisphere-biofouling nexus as an emerging ecological interface in coastal waters and highlights the need for standardized, field-relevant, and functionally validated studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8898,"journal":{"name":"Biofouling","volume":" ","pages":"752-770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural deep eutectic solvents as environmentally compatible agents for biofilm inhibition and disruption.","authors":"Marwa Naguib, Debarati Chakraborty, Ciaran Dunne, Dishon Hiebner, Roderick Jones, Eoin Casey","doi":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2694439","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2694439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have recently emerged as promising 'green' antibiofilm agents due to their ability to solubilize biological macromolecules. In this study, three chemically distinct NADES formulations were evaluated against <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> WCS365 and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> ATCC 35984. The tested formulations choline chloride-lactic acid (CCLA), choline chloride-urea (CCU), and choline chloride-xylitol (CCX) were assessed for their effects on planktonic growth, biofilm formation, and mature biofilms. All NADES showed moderate inhibition of planktonic growth, while biofilm formation was significantly reduced in a formulation- and species-dependent manner, with CCLA displaying the strongest activity. Treatment of pre-formed 24 h biofilms resulted in partial but significant biomass reduction, reaching up to ∼69% for <i>P. fluorescens</i> and ∼51% for <i>S. epidermidis</i>. Confocal microscopy confirmed pronounced structural disruption of mature biofilms following NADES exposure, particularly for CCLA. These findings highlight the potential of organic acid-based NADES as biocides, which are more environmentally compatible than conventional biocides.</p>","PeriodicalId":8898,"journal":{"name":"Biofouling","volume":" ","pages":"681-698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofoulingPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-16DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2026.2684491
Ming Lu, Ze Yao, Chunshuang Li, Xiang Li, Hui Shang, Songtao Bie
{"title":"Antibiofilm activity of berberine against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Ming Lu, Ze Yao, Chunshuang Li, Xiang Li, Hui Shang, Songtao Bie","doi":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2684491","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2684491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Berberine, a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid, has demonstrated strong antibiofilm properties against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this activity remain poorly understood. Here, we report that berberine effectively inhibits <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm formation with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of 32 µg ml<sup>-1</sup>. XTT assays demonstrated a marked reduction in biofilm metabolic activity, while high-content screening (HCS) combined with three-dimensional reconstruction revealed significant decreases in biofilm biomass and thickness. Mechanistically, berberine selectively suppressed the production of key extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) components, particularly polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) and proteins, without significantly affecting extracellular DNA (eDNA) levels. Transcriptomic profiling integrated with protein-protein interaction (PPI) network modeling suggested that <i>srrA</i>, a response regulator within the two-component system, may serve as a central hub gene downregulated by berberine. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) further corroborated the altered expression of <i>srrA</i> and associated genes (<i>walR</i>, <i>atpB</i>, <i>luxS</i>, <i>icaR</i>). Collectively, these findings provide mechanistic insights into berberine's antibiofilm activity and point to <i>srrA</i>-mediated EPS regulation as a candidate pathway warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8898,"journal":{"name":"Biofouling","volume":" ","pages":"619-632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofoulingPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-15DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2026.2675243
Tian Tian, Xavier Pochon, Peter Bell, Maren Wellenreuther
{"title":"Biofouling on aquaculture mesh: disentangling seasonal and environmental effects with DNA metabarcoding.","authors":"Tian Tian, Xavier Pochon, Peter Bell, Maren Wellenreuther","doi":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2675243","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2675243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofouling presents ecological and economic challenges for marine industries, yet patterns of community development in relevant environments remain underexplored. In this study, we investigated seasonal (winter vs. summer) and spatial (sheltered vs. exposed) patterns of eukaryotic biofouling across six coastal sites in New Zealand. Using standardised mesh substrates and DNA metabarcoding with the 18S rRNA gene, we characterised over 10,000 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) across 216 samples, revealing 541 species from 249 taxonomic classes. Exposed sites exhibited marked seasonal contrasts: winter communities were dominated by hydroids (e.g. <i>Coryne eximia</i>), whereas summer assemblages were rich in amphipods (e.g. <i>Jassa slatteryi</i>). Sheltered sites showed more stable biomass and diversity but greater site-level variability, especially in summer. Temperature and wind fetch were strongly associated with community variation, with larger seasonal fluctuations observed under high-exposure conditions. Notably, several dominant species were non-native, underscoring the importance of early detection and tailored antifouling strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8898,"journal":{"name":"Biofouling","volume":" ","pages":"571-587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofoulingPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-22DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2026.2689190
Manca Lunder, Safirah Ghassani Shabrina, Romana Krištof, Urška Šunta, Martina Oder, Rok Fink
{"title":"Chemical fingerprints of <i>Lamiaceae</i> essential oils: targeting biofilm viability, biomass, metabolic activity, and membrane integrity.","authors":"Manca Lunder, Safirah Ghassani Shabrina, Romana Krištof, Urška Šunta, Martina Oder, Rok Fink","doi":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2689190","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2689190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of essential oils from <i>Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis</i>, and <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i>. Chemical analysis identified carvacrol, linalool, and camphor as key constituents contributing to activity against <i>E. coli, S. aureus</i>, and <i>P. aeruginosa. T. vulgaris</i> oil, rich in phenolic and flavonoid content, showed the strongest efficacy. <i>R. officinalis</i> and <i>L. angustifolia</i> oils also demonstrated notable antimicrobial effects, reducing bacterial viability, biofilm biomass, and metabolic activity, although effectiveness varied with species and biofilm structure. <i>T. vulgaris</i> oil effectively removed <i>E. coli</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilms at 2 × MIC (log reduction 7) but was less effective against <i>S. aureus</i> (log reduction 1.7) at 2 × MIC. The activity of these oils may be associated with disruption of bacterial membranes, biofilm architecture, and induction of oxidative stress. Mammalian toxicity at 3 × MIC shows a low toxic profile for <i>T. vulgaris</i> and <i>R. officinalis</i>, but a high toxic profile for <i>L. angustifolia</i>. These findings highlight <i>T. vulgaris</i> and <i>R. officinalis</i> essential oils as promising antibacterial agents in terms of both efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":8898,"journal":{"name":"Biofouling","volume":" ","pages":"648-667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofoulingPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-05-25DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2026.2677632
YiFan He, Duohuai Zhang, Fulin Dong, Song Liu, Jinchang Zhang, Hui Zhao, Xiaoling Wang
{"title":"The competitive growth of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> biofilms from the perspectives of thickness and self-healing.","authors":"YiFan He, Duohuai Zhang, Fulin Dong, Song Liu, Jinchang Zhang, Hui Zhao, Xiaoling Wang","doi":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2677632","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2677632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under resource-limited conditions, biofilms display highly complex competitive behaviors and distinct growth dynamics. This study investigated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain engineered with three fluorescent reporter genes by integrating microscopic and macroscopic analyses to uncover the intrinsic mechanisms driving heterogeneous growth under competitive constraints. The results show that stress accumulation leads to the formation of a pronounced thickness peak in the interfacial region between two neighboring biofilms under strong competition (inoculation-center distance, <i>d</i> = 2 mm). Under nutrient-rich conditions, a ring-shaped elevation emerges approximately 4 mm from the colony center, providing an expanded spatial niche that facilitates bacterial survival. Self-healing rates of incisions at different locations of biofilms were compared to evaluate the effect of competition. The findings show that the self-healing capacity of biofilms in competitive environments is governed by both biofilm age and competitive intensity. Incorporating nutrient diffusion, environmental pressure, and phenotype-switching probabilities, a cellular automaton model was further developed to simulate the competitive growth of the biofilms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8898,"journal":{"name":"Biofouling","volume":" ","pages":"588-601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofoulingPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-25DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2026.2691123
Kelli Hunsucker, Kenan Fears, Joseph Dahlgren, Cierra Braga, Margaret Giggie, Morgan Gilligan, Geoffrey Swain, Dean Webster, Michael Wilson
{"title":"Assessing the impacts of varying UVC doses on a silicone fouling release coating.","authors":"Kelli Hunsucker, Kenan Fears, Joseph Dahlgren, Cierra Braga, Margaret Giggie, Morgan Gilligan, Geoffrey Swain, Dean Webster, Michael Wilson","doi":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2691123","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2691123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have shown ultraviolet light (UVC) to provide increased biofouling performance when combined with a marine coating, however, it is unknown what impacts this may have on the coating. In this two-part study, we address the impact of UVC exposure on a silicone fouling release coating, as a function of frequency and dosage (4.97 J/cm<sup>2</sup> to 7.15 kJ/cm<sup>2</sup>). Higher doses were found to alter the coating properties (e.g. color, hardness, surface energy, adhesion properties). They also resulted in a greater relative abundance of aliphatic (C-C) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) and a decrease in carboxyl (C-O) moieties, along with an increase in the reduced modulus of the coating. However, when paired with a marine coating, UVC will not need to be applied in these high doses. The changes observed with lower doses used were minimal, suggesting that the combination of UVC and marine coatings may prolong the efficacy of biofouling prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8898,"journal":{"name":"Biofouling","volume":" ","pages":"668-679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148326250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofoulingPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-15DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2026.2688203
Mukarramah Zainal, Mohammad Johari Ibrahim, Nurul 'Izzah Mohd Sarmin, Soraya Ismail, Nicola Cirillo, Stuart G Dashper, Mohd Hafiz Arzmi
{"title":"Phenotypic switch <i>Candidozyma auris</i> (<i>Candida auris</i>) modulates biofilm formation and virulence genes <i>SAP5</i> and <i>ALS5</i> in mono- and co-culture environments with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Mukarramah Zainal, Mohammad Johari Ibrahim, Nurul 'Izzah Mohd Sarmin, Soraya Ismail, Nicola Cirillo, Stuart G Dashper, Mohd Hafiz Arzmi","doi":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2688203","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2688203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candidozyma auris</i> (formerly <i>Candida auris</i>) (<i>C. auris</i>), an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, forms biofilms as a virulence factor. This study aimed to determine the effect of phenotypic switch on <i>C. auris</i> biofilm formation and virulence gene expression in mono- and co-culture with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Phenotypic switching was induced by prolonged incubation, and biofilms were developed in RPMI-1640, YEPD, SDB, and BHIYE. The biofilm biomass and total cell count were measured. <i>SAP5</i> and <i>ALS5</i> gene expression was quantified using qPCR. The 4th switched generation mono-culture biofilm in BHIYE produced the highest biomass (3.34 ± 0.08) and total cell count (5.66 ± 0.03 log<sub>10</sub> cells mL<sup>-1</sup>). In addition, <i>SAP5</i> and <i>ALS5</i> expression peaked in the 2nd switched generation mono-culture by 10.43 ± 0.44-fold and 4.764 ± 0.01-fold, respectively. Co-culture biofilms exhibited significantly higher <i>ALS5</i> expression in selected switched generations compared to unswitched <i>C. auris</i> (<i>p <</i> 0.05). In conclusion, phenotypic switching enhanced biofilm formation and modulated the expression of <i>SAP5</i> and <i>ALS5</i> in <i>C. auris.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8898,"journal":{"name":"Biofouling","volume":" ","pages":"633-647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofoulingPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-01DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2026.2680103
Cemre Özkanca, Sibel Dosler
{"title":"Targeting mixed-species biofilms of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> on clear aligners: boron-based natural substance combinations for enhanced antibiofilm efficacy.","authors":"Cemre Özkanca, Sibel Dosler","doi":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2680103","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08927014.2026.2680103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In orthodontic treatment, insufficiently cleaned clear-aligners can serve as reservoirs for biofilms. This study evaluates in-vitro biofilm models and investigates the antibiofilm efficacy of boron-based formulations with natural substances. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by microdilution, and Fractional inhibitory concentration by checkerboard methods. Biofilm inhibition was assessed at sub-MIC levels, and mature biofilm-eradication at supra-MICs. Time-kill assays were performed on mixed-biofilms of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> on clear-aligners. The MIC values of boric acid, sodium borate, and natural substances against <i>S. mutans</i> were 1,250-5,000, 4,000-8,000, and 2.5->10,000 μg/mL, respectively. Synergistic combinations included eucalyptol, epigallocatechin-gallate, resveratrol, and cinnamaldehyde. Biofilm inhibition rates ranged from 49%-58%, and eradication concentrations were 8-16xMIC. A formulation containing boric acid reduced viable cells by ≥5-log10 in time-kill assays. These findings indicate that boron-based formulations with natural substances suggest notable antibiofilm activity against mixed-species biofilms and may provide preliminary <i>in vitro</i> data for aligner-cleaning or oral-care products.</p>","PeriodicalId":8898,"journal":{"name":"Biofouling","volume":" ","pages":"602-618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}