Behavioral Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Association of Weekly Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity with Subjective Vitality and Mental Toughness in Spanish Adolescents Aged 10-16 Years.","authors":"Pablo Ramírez-Espejo, José Luis Solas-Martínez, María Del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, Manuel J de la Torre-Cruz","doi":"10.3390/bs16091660","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical activity levels decline notably during adolescence, raising concerns due to its impact on present and future psychological health. Understanding how weekly MVPA is associated with psychological functioning during adolescence may provide relevant information for research and health promotion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and two key psychological outcomes, subjective vitality and mental toughness, in Spanish adolescents aged 10-16 years, controlling for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). This cross-sectional study included 286 adolescents (52.4% girls; mean age = 13.34 ± 1.61 years) who participated in the study. MVPA was measured using the PACE+ Adolescent Physical Activity Measure, subjective vitality using the Subjective Vitality Scale, and mental toughness using the Mental Toughness Index. Linear regression and ANCOVA analyses were performed to assess associations. Analyses revealed that higher weekly MVPA was significantly associated with greater subjective vitality and mental toughness, independent of covariates. Active adolescents demonstrated substantially higher subjective vitality (+12.7%) and mental toughness (+10.0%) compared with inactive peers (both <i>p</i> < 0.05). Regular engagement in MVPA appears to be associated with higher psychological well-being and resilience during adolescence. These findings support the importance of expanding opportunities for adolescents to engage in MVPA as part of strategies aimed at promoting adaptive psychological capacities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Leader Narcissistic Rivalry to Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior: The Mediating Role of Workplace Ostracism and the Moderating Role of Underdog Expectations.","authors":"Sulaymon Jamolidinovich Jabarov, Alisher Tohirovich Dedahanov, Abdulkhamid Komil Ugli Fayzullaev, Odiljon Sobirovich Abdurazzakov, Soo Young Shin","doi":"10.3390/bs16091658","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) is gaining scholarly attention due to its harmful consequences, yet limited research explains how employees' perceptions of leaders' personality traits drive such behavior. Drawing on conservation of resources theory and the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept, this study examined whether and how perceived leader narcissistic rivalry predicts employee UPB. We argue that leaders high in narcissistic rivalry devalue and exclude others, increasing workplace ostracism. Ostracism, in turn, depletes employees' psychological resources and motivates UPB as a compensatory strategy. We further propose that underdog expectations amplify this effect by shaping employees' interpretations of exclusion. Using a three-wave, time-lagged survey of 383 full-time employees in South Korea and analyzing data with PROCESS Macro, results show that perceived leader narcissistic rivalry positively predicts workplace ostracism. Workplace ostracism increases UPB and mediates the relationship between leader narcissistic rivalry and UPB. Moreover, underdog expectations strengthen the positive association between ostracism and UPB, with stronger effects among employees high in such expectations. These findings identify workplace ostracism as a key resource-depletion mechanism linking leader narcissistic rivalry to unethical behavior and highlight underdog expectations as an important boundary condition. They highlight the need to manage narcissistic leadership, reduce ostracism, and strengthen ethical norms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment and Relational Dynamics in Residential Care Contexts: Perceptions of Reference Adults and Implications for Resilience.","authors":"Dora Pereira, Jessica Abreu, Pedro Costa, Margarida Pocinho","doi":"10.3390/bs16091666","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Residential care settings provide not only protection but also therapeutic opportunities for children and adolescents exposed to relational adversity. This study examined attachment-related behaviors, relational dynamics, and perceptions of reference adults in residential care institutions in Portugal. Participants included 33 adolescents aged 12-18 years and 20 adults working in residential care institutions. Adolescents completed the Inventory of Attachment in Childhood and Adolescence, while professionals completed the Observation Checklist and provided qualitative descriptions of adolescents' functioning and intervention strategies. The results revealed a predominance of non-secure attachment profiles, particularly ambivalent attachment, alongside considerable heterogeneity in observed attachment-related behaviors. Avoidant attachment emerged as a significant predictor of increased observational mental health risk, whereas observed secure attachment-related behaviors were negatively associated with psychological vulnerability. Qualitative findings highlighted the importance of emotionally responsive, consistent, and trusting relationships with reference adults, as well as the value of emotional validation, clear boundaries, and attachment-informed caregiving practices. The high heterogeneity of self-reported attachment representations and observational measures underscores the complexity of attachment functioning in trauma-exposed populations and supports the use of multi-method assessment approaches. Overall, the qualitative findings suggest that resilience in residential care is fundamentally relational and may be strengthened through stable, emotionally attuned relationships with caregivers. This study reinforces the importance of attachment-informed and trauma-informed practices in promoting psychological well-being, emotional regulation, and positive developmental trajectories among adolescents living in residential care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory Longitudinal Associations Between SAPs and Individual and Contextual Variables: Toward the Development of Educational Guidelines.","authors":"Carmelo Francesco Meduri, Concettina Caparello, Maria Imbesi, Carolina Gonzálvez, Luana Sorrenti","doi":"10.3390/bs16091664","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>School attendance problems (SAPs) are a widespread phenomenon with significant academic, psychological, social, and relational consequences. These issues are particularly prevalent among adolescents worldwide and require careful examination of the individual and contextual factors associated with their onset and persistence to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies. Grounded in an ecological and systemic framework of school absenteeism, this longitudinal study examined the reciprocal associations between SAPs, learned helplessness, mastery orientation, academic procrastination, perceived competence (general, academic, relational, leisure), and school climate (teacher support, peer connection, school connection, affirming diversity, clarity of rules, and reporting and seeking help) in a sample of 523 high school students (Mage at T1 = 15.64, SD = 0.97), using a cross-lagged panel model. Results indicate temporal stability of SAPs and the examined variables over one school year. Notably, alongside the longitudinal associations between SAPs and different individual and contextual variables, a significant bidirectional relationship emerges between learned helplessness and SAPs, suggesting that feelings of helplessness are linked to greater school disengagement and increased absences. This finding confirms the importance of emotional, motivational, and cognitive vulnerabilities in shaping school participation trajectories. The results emphasize the need for school-based prevention and intervention strategies targeting these factors. Accordingly, guidelines are proposed for educational interventions addressing SAPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dark Side of Performance-Oriented Competition: Dual Strain Pathways to Affective Organizational Commitment Among Female Managerial Employees.","authors":"Abdulkhamid Komil Ugli Fayzullaev, Alisher Tohirovich Dedahanov, Soo Young Shin, Farkhodbek Vokhobzhon Ugli Yuldashev","doi":"10.3390/bs16091657","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Competition is widely promoted as a mechanism for enhancing employee motivation and organizational performance. However, its unintended costs for female managers remain underexplored. This study examines how performance-oriented competition (POC) affects affective organizational commitment (AOC) through workplace interpersonal strain (WIS) and work overload strain (WOS), and whether job autonomy moderates these relationships among female managerial employees. Data were drawn from the seventh wave of the Korean Women Manager Panel, a large-scale national survey in South Korea. The final sample comprised 1325 females across 413 organizations. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro with bootstrapped confidence intervals. Results indicate that POC is positively associated with both WIS and WOS, which are in turn negatively associated with AOC. Both forms of strain significantly mediate the relationship between competition and commitment, with the WIS pathway being stronger. Job autonomy does not affect the relationship between POC and WIS but unexpectedly strengthens the positive association between POC and WOS. These findings suggest that competitive work systems may impose hidden costs by weakening female managers' organizational commitment. This study extends research on competitive climates and challenges the assumption that job autonomy is uniformly beneficial. Organizations should exercise caution when relying on competition and autonomy as motivational tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing School Behavioral Health Implementation: A Critical Review Using ISF 2.0.","authors":"Nicole S Litvitskiy, Kristen Figas, Margaret D Hall, Maya Resnick, Abraham Wandersman, Paul Flaspohler","doi":"10.3390/bs16091663","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As youth behavioral health needs in the United States continue to grow, schools are increasingly important settings for prevention and service delivery. Yet evidence-based practices (EBPs) are not consistently implemented or sustained at scale. In this article, we present a critical narrative review of dissemination and implementation efforts in school behavioral health (SBH) through the lens of the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation 2.0 (ISF 2.0). We reviewed and synthesized relevant SBH and implementation science literature to identify promising practices, persistent challenges, and gaps in the field, and then applied the ISF 2.0 as an analytic lens to examine how these issues operate across the systems involved in SBH implementation. Findings suggest that misalignment in goals, strategies, roles, and communication across systems can impede the delivery of EBPs to schools in ways that are feasible, responsive to local needs, and sustainable. Drawing on these findings, we developed ISF 2.0-guided questions and applied them to three prominent SBH implementation initiatives: the National Center for School Mental Health (NCSMH), the Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (Center on PBIS), and the South Carolina School Behavioral Health Academy (SBHA). Selected based on their national or regional prominence, accessibility of information, and implementation activities, these illustrative cases demonstrate how the ISF 2.0 can be used to identify cross-system strengths, gaps, and opportunities for improvement. Although this review is narrative rather than systematic and the cases are illustrative rather than exhaustive, the analysis highlights the importance of stronger bidirectional communication and greater attention to how knowledge is generated, translated, adapted, and used in partnership with stakeholders. The ISF 2.0 provides a promising framework for understanding the complex systemic factors shaping SBH implementation and for strengthening alignment among the systems that generate knowledge, support implementation, and deliver services. Greater cross-system alignment should help schools implement and sustain effective behavioral health practices that are responsive to community needs and improve youth well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Psychologically Controlling Teaching and Foreign Language Learning Engagement: Indirect Associations Through Foreign Language Anxiety and the Moderating Role of L2 Grit.","authors":"Xin Huang, Yi Esther Su","doi":"10.3390/bs16091662","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foreign language learning engagement (FLLE) is central to sustained classroom involvement, yet little is known about how perceived psychologically controlling teaching (PPCT), foreign language anxiety (FLA), and L2 grit are jointly associated with FLLE among Chinese senior high school students. This study combined structural equation modeling (SEM) and psychological network analysis (PNA) in 285 Chinese EFL learners. SEM tested a moderated indirect association model, whereas PNA estimated conditional associations across FLLE dimensions. PPCT was positively associated with FLA and negatively associated with FLLE, with a significant indirect association through FLA. L2 grit was positively associated with FLLE but did not attenuate the negative association between FLA and FLLE. Instead, the negative association between FLA and FLLE became stronger at higher levels of grit. Dimension-specific sensitivity analyses indicated that this conditional pattern was heterogeneous across engagement dimensions, with the most consistent evidence observed for emotional engagement. PNA revealed selective dimension-level connections among PPCT, FLA, L2 grit, and engagement dimensions, with emotional engagement showing the highest expected influence. These findings suggest that higher L2 grit does not necessarily buffer the negative association between FLA and engagement and highlight the importance of reducing psychologically controlling teaching and anxiety-provoking classroom experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Nurses' Attitudes Toward Violence by Patients and Patients' Relatives Scale: A Methodological Study.","authors":"Deniz Gür, Ülkü Baykal","doi":"10.3390/bs16091665","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Violence against nurses is a global occupational health and safety issue, yet instruments that assess nurses' attitudes towards violence from patients and their relatives are limited. This methodological study involved the development and evaluation of the Nurses' Attitudes Towards Violence by Patients and Patients' Relatives Scale. In the qualitative phase, 39 nurses were interviewed in depth until data saturation was reached, generating a pool of 61 items. Content validity with 15 experts (CVI = 0.90) yielded a draft of 57 items. The original quantitative sample (<i>N</i> = 608) was randomly divided into exploratory (<i>n</i> = 304) and confirmatory (<i>n</i> = 304) subsamples. Principal axis factoring with ProMax rotation supported a 36-item, three-factor solution that explained 52.3% of the common variance. This solution comprised the following factors: perception and causes of violence (20 items); effects of violence (13 items); and response to violence (3 items). In the original confirmatory subsample, the final model with six theory-based residual covariances was subjected to WLSMV confirmatory factor analysis, showing an overall acceptable fit (χ²(585) = 1297.5, χ²/df = 2.22, CFI = 0.900, TLI = 0.892, RMSEA = 0.063 [90% CI 0.059-0.068], SRMR = 0.093). A robustness wave involving 45 additional nurses, conducted between 27 August and 2 September 2026, produced almost identical results when combined with the confirmatory subsample (<i>n</i> = 349). Supplementary analyses supported composite reliability and discriminant validity, and found that measurement invariance was supported across institution type, whereas findings regarding sex invariance were interpreted as preliminary. In the original sample of <i>N</i> = 608, Cronbach's α was 0.943, 0.930 and 0.842 for the three factors, and 0.950 for the total scale. Two-week test-retest reliability was r = 0.976. The scale provides a multidimensional measure of nurses' evaluative-attributional beliefs, perceived effects and responses to violence from patients and relatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Health Belief Model Constructs and Self-Control with Drug Avoidance Intention Among University Students in the Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Jungmin Lee, Su Jung Lee","doi":"10.3390/bs16091653","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug use among young adults in the Republic of Korea has increased sharply, yet prevention at the university level remains limited, and the determinants of drug avoidance intention are poorly understood. Guided by the Health Belief Model extended with self-control, this study examined the associations of five health belief constructs and self-control with drug avoidance intention. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 280 university students aged 19-26 years. Drug avoidance intention, health beliefs, and self-control were assessed using validated instruments. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was used to test the hypothesized associations, and exploratory indirect-effect analyses were conducted for each Health Belief Model construct using 5000 bootstrap resamples, with robustness models adjusting for the remaining constructs. The mean drug avoidance intention score was 4.22, and the final model explained 58.5% of the variance. Drug refusal self-efficacy, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-control were positively associated with drug avoidance intention, whereas perceived barriers were negatively associated; perceived susceptibility, for which no directional hypothesis was specified, was not significant. Exploratory robustness analyses indicated indirect associations through self-control for perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits after adjustment for the remaining Health Belief Model constructs. These findings indicate that drug avoidance intention was associated with both health beliefs and self-regulatory capacity. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Standard Defaults: How Reason Defaults Promote Green Product Purchase Through Reduced Psychological Reactance.","authors":"Wanda Ge, Yumei Jiang","doi":"10.3390/bs16091655","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although default options have been increasingly applied to encourage sustainable consumption, their effectiveness in green product contexts remains constrained. Traditional default designs may unintentionally evoke psychological resistance when consumers perceive the recommended choice as insufficiently justified or as a threat to their autonomy. This study examines whether reason defaults can reduce such resistance and increase consumers' stated green product choices. Across three empirical studies in hypothetical, lab-style online shopping contexts, the results show that reason defaults increase stated green product choices relative to standard defaults by reducing inferences of manipulative intent and compulsive feelings, with this effect stronger for typical green products and diminishing for atypical ones. This study extends reason defaults to green product purchase choice and offers practical implications for designing effective green nudging strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}