{"title":"Motivation for and Challenges in Teacher Research in Underdeveloped Areas of Northwest China: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Na Zhou, Xin Liu, Xinglin Jin, Tongji Li, Chenjing Wang, Wilfried Admiraal","doi":"10.3390/bs14111064","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored the motivations and challenges vocational teachers (VTs) face in conducting research in underdeveloped regions of Northwest China. We invited 49 vocational teachers from Qinghai province to participate in the questionnaire survey, with their motivation measured using scale items and their challenges measured using open-ended questions. After data collection, latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to explore the participants' motivational profiles, and three types were identified, i.e., high autonomous and controlled motivation, high autonomous and low controlled motivation, and low autonomous motivation. In addition, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the challenges in teacher research. As a result, five categories of challenges that might hinder Chinese vocational teachers in conducting research were observed (i.e., researcher identity, research knowledge and skills, research climate in schools, workload and family care, and resources and financial support). Teachers with the profile of highly autonomous and controlled motivation were more likely to face challenges related to a lack of resources and financial support and the research climate. Workload and family care appeared to be significant challenges for teachers with the profile of highly autonomous but less controlled motivation. In contrast, a lack of research knowledge and skills was a common perceived challenge across all profiles. These results suggest that although vocational teachers express relatively high motivation in conducting research, the significance of institutional development programmes and external research support for research activities remains crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning Family: Concept, Measurement and the Effect on Individuals' Behaviors.","authors":"Ming Kong, Yahua Lu","doi":"10.3390/bs14111061","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A learning society cannot be built without each family playing its role. The learning family integrates the modern education concept and the actual needs of family education. However, scholars are still exploring the concept, structure, and measuring tools of the learning family. Based on the bioecological system theory, this study explored the concept and characteristic dimension of the learning family and verified the effect of the learning family through cross-population samples. The results of this study showed that, first, the learning family involves a process of mutual influence on the part of family members, who view the enhancement of comprehensive literacy as their core goal and can continuously accumulate knowledge and improve skills from the internal and external environments of the family through learning support and learning involvement, thereby achieving common growth, the main structure of which includes four characterizing dimensions of learning involvement, learning effectiveness, learning support and continuous learning. Second, the developed learning family scale has good reliability and validity. Third, learning families have significant positive effects on individual creativity, innovative behavior, prosocial behavior, proactive behavior, work performance, academic achievement, and science literacy. This study not only deepens our understanding of the importance of family learning and family education but also contributes to exploring the influence mechanisms underlying learning families on individual psychology and behavior in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magaly Luisina García-Senlle, Manuel Martín-Fernández, Raquel Conchell, Sara Arrojo, Marisol Lila
{"title":"Do Boys Empathize Less than Girls? Exploring the Links Among Empathy, Gender and Sexist Attitudes in Adolescents.","authors":"Magaly Luisina García-Senlle, Manuel Martín-Fernández, Raquel Conchell, Sara Arrojo, Marisol Lila","doi":"10.3390/bs14111065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a pervasive issue, particularly among adolescents. Its prevalence is still high despite intervention efforts, especially for younger generations. Empathy and sexism are factors linked with IPV that have shown gender differences. This study focuses on how gender moderates the association of empathy and sexist attitudes among adolescents in Spain; (2) Methods: A two-stage stratified cluster sampling method for collecting data from 516 adolescents (219 boys, 297 girls) aged 12-18 years was used. Participants completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Hierarchical multiple regression analyzed the moderating role of gender in the relation between empathy and ambivalent sexism; (3) Results: Boys exhibited higher sexism levels than girls. Perspective taking negatively predicted hostile sexism. Empathic concern positively predicted hostile and benevolent sexism. Significant gender-specific patterns emerged: more empathic concern was linked with increased hostile sexism in boys; higher perspective taking was linked with increased benevolent sexism in boys, but was lower in girls; (4) Conclusions: There is a complex interplay among empathy, gender, and sexism, suggesting that IPV prevention programs should be tailored differently for boys and girls by considering broader socio-political contexts, addressing traditional gender norms, and promoting gender equality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Different Deeds, Different Needs-Types of Violence Against Women and Social Support Sought Online.","authors":"Tinkara Pavšič Mrevlje, Vanja Ida Erčulj","doi":"10.3390/bs14111066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women, as victims of violence, among which intimate partner violence prevails, venture online to seek a supportive community. Members of online support groups differ in the experiences and needs they have and support they seek. The objective of this research was to explore the difference in types of support sought and support received between women who self-report having been a witness/victim of violence and others who directly ask for help without explaining their circumstances. For this purpose, content analysis of 600 randomly selected starting posts from an online support community was performed. The results reveal an association between the needs expressed and the experience of violence described. Although users most frequently sought informational support, those recounting sexual violence more often asked for emotional support or were looking for an emotional release. Posts describing a different kind of violence were more likely to bring more support than short posts directly asking for help. The findings are important since women in a violent relationship tend to become more isolated or controlled by their partners, pointing to the crucial role of online support in helping and encouraging those women to take the first step in seeking help from formal institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding Park Golf Participation Among Older Adults: The Role of Social Support in Health Behavior Through the Lens of the Theory of Planned Behavior.","authors":"Dohun Kim, Yunduk Jeong","doi":"10.3390/bs14111062","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addressing gaps in the existing research, this study investigates how event image affects attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC); how attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC impact behavioral intention, applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework; and how social support moderates these variables among older participants in park golf. We gathered data from senior park golf tournament participants and utilized confirmatory factor analysis to validate the measurement scale, assessing factor loadings, average variance extracted (AVE), and construct reliability (CR), while our analysis of Cronbach's alpha ensured scale reliability. We also employed structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation to analyze the positive relationships and conducted a moderation analysis using Jamovi software. The results indicate the significant effect of event image on attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC, as well as the significant effect of attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC on behavioral intention. Moreover, social support moderates the relationship between subjective norms and behavioral intention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developmental Trajectories of Loneliness Among Chinese Early Adolescents: The Roles of Early Peer Preference and Social Withdrawal.","authors":"Wanfen Chen, Bowen Xiao","doi":"10.3390/bs14111063","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine distinct loneliness trajectories and to explore the roles of group-level peer preference and individual-level social withdrawal (i.e., unsociability and shyness) as predictors of these trajectories. Participants were 1134 Chinese elementary school students (Mage = 10.44 years; 565 boys). Data were collected from self-reports and peer nominations. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was employed to identify distinct trajectories of loneliness, and multinomial logistic regression was subsequently used to examine the relationships between these trajectories and their predictors. Results showed that three loneliness trajectories were identified: high increasing, moderate decreasing, and low decreasing. Participants at baseline with higher peer preference were more likely to belong to the low decreasing trajectory subgroup rather than the other two subgroups. Furthermore, those at Time 1 with higher unsociability had lower odds of being classified into the moderate or low decreasing trajectory subgroup compared to the high increasing trajectory subgroup. Additionally, participants at baseline with higher shyness had reduced likelihoods of following the low decreasing trajectory subgroup as opposed to the other two subgroups. These results have implications for how we understand both the different subgroups of loneliness trajectories and the predictions of peer preference and social withdrawal on these trajectories in Chinese early adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Emotional Intelligence Influences Students' Life Satisfaction During University Lockdown: The Chain Mediating Effect of Interpersonal Competence and Anxiety.","authors":"Yuyang Zhao, Biao Sang, Cody Ding","doi":"10.3390/bs14111059","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Students' life satisfaction is an essential reflection of their well-being, particularly during challenging times. The COVID-19 pandemic, a global catastrophe, has had an immeasurably negative impact on individuals' daily lives. It has also provided an opportunity to investigate the factors contributing to students' life satisfaction during such difficult times. Considering the unique characteristics of these university students, the current study examines the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on students' life satisfaction, as well as the direct and sequential mediating effects of interpersonal competence and anxiety on this relationship. A total of 297 university students in Shanghai, China, participated in the study. All participants were recruited online during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Four well-established questionnaires were utilized to assess students' trait emotional intelligence, interpersonal competence, anxiety, and life satisfaction. The findings indicate that interpersonal competence significantly mediates the relationship between EI and life satisfaction. Although anxiety does not significantly mediate this relationship, it plays a notable role in the sequential mediating effect involving interpersonal competence and anxiety. The study reveals that nurturing students' EI can significantly enhance their interpersonal competence, which can reduce anxiety and ultimately increase their self-reported life satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Teleworking Practices on Presenteeism: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study of Japanese Teleworkers During COVID-19.","authors":"Yuichiro Otsuka, Osamu Itani, Suguru Nakajima, Yuuki Matsumoto, Yoshitaka Kaneita","doi":"10.3390/bs14111067","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few studies have examined the relationship between teleworking practices and presenteeism. This study determined the association between teleworking practices and presenteeism among teleworkers in Japan. A cross-sectional online survey was administered to 2687 teleworkers from five companies in Japan, collecting data on demographic variables, teleworking practices, frequency and duration of teleworking, presenteeism, and various lifestyle- and health-related factors. A logistic regression analysis was performed. Teleworkers with full-time employment and less teleworking experience exhibited higher presenteeism rates. Key practices negatively associated with presenteeism included creating a dedicated workspace, chatting with colleagues, and setting daily work goals. Gender differences were significant: for men, additional practices, such as determining their work hours, were beneficial; while for women, chatting with colleagues was particularly important. A sensitivity analysis indicated that specific teleworking practices can mitigate presenteeism. Certain teleworking practices, such as creating a workspace, chatting with colleagues, and setting work goals, were associated with lower presenteeism among teleworkers. These findings highlight the need for organizations to support telework ergonomics, promote social interaction, and encourage goal setting to enhance teleworker productivity and health. Training for employees and supervisors to raise awareness of their own and their subordinates' health while teleworking is advised.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nina M van Mastrigt, Jeroen B J Smeets, A Moira van Leeuwen, Bernadette C M van Wijk, Katinka van der Kooij
{"title":"A Circle-Drawing Task for Studying Reward-Based Motor Learning in Children and Adults.","authors":"Nina M van Mastrigt, Jeroen B J Smeets, A Moira van Leeuwen, Bernadette C M van Wijk, Katinka van der Kooij","doi":"10.3390/bs14111055","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood is an obvious period for motor learning, since children's musculoskeletal and nervous systems are still in development. Adults adapt movements based on reward feedback about success and failure, but it is less established whether school-age children also exhibit such reward-based motor learning. We designed a new 'circle-drawing' task suitable for assessing reward-based motor learning in both children (7-17 years old) and adults (18-65 years old). Participants drew circles with their unseen hand on a tablet. They received binary reward feedback after each attempt based on the proximity of the average radius of their drawing to a target radius set as double the radius of their baseline drawings. We rewarded about 50% of the trials based on a performance-dependent reward criterion. Both children (10.1 ± 2.5 (mean ± SD) years old) and adults (37.6 ± 10.2 years old) increased the radius of their drawings in the direction of the target radius. We observed no difference in learning between children and adults. Moreover, both groups changed the radius, less following reward than following reward absence, which is a sign of reward-based motor learning. We conclude that school-age children, like adults, exhibit reward-based motor learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Family Wealth on Asset Return: A Moderated Chain Median Model Partially Explaining Wealth Inequality.","authors":"Tianye Tu","doi":"10.3390/bs14111048","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global wealth is distributed highly unequally, and this issue has worsened in recent years. Such inequality threatens human well-being and fundamental values. In response, this paper aims to explore the wealth inequality phenomenon from the perspective of investment psychology. Recognizing wealth return heterogeneity as a crucial source of inequality, the paper establishes a psychological model focused on two investment skill factors that can partially explain this heterogeneity. The theoretical foundation of this model includes the conservation of resources (COR) theory, prospect theory, and performance determinants theory. In our model, risk preference and asset-holding periods sequentially mediate the relationship between family wealth and asset returns. Moreover, risk preference and the disposition effect are identified as serial mediators in this relationship. Financial literacy also moderates the relationship between the risk preference, asset-holding period, and disposition effect. This proposed model not only provides a richer explanation for wealth return heterogeneity through the lens of investment skill but also extends the application of COR theory to investment psychology, thereby enhancing our understanding of resources. Moreover, it offers a novel explanation for the relationship between risk preference and the deposition effect, enriching prospect theory. Finally, the inclusion of financial literacy's role broadens the scope of performance determinants theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}