Longitudinal Association Between Physical Activity and School Bullying in Adolescents: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model.

IF 2.5 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI:10.3390/bs15091236

Kanglin Wang, Fen Qiu

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Abstract

Background: School bullying represents a critical global public health issue among adolescents. Although existing evidence suggests physical activity (PA) may reduce bullying risk, longitudinal data on bidirectional associations and gender-specific variations remain limited. This study employed a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) to investigate the temporal dynamics between PA and school bullying (SB) and examine gender-moderating effects.

Methods: A cohort of 577 middle school students (294 boys, 283 girls; mean age = 14.31 ± 2.1 years) from seven schools across Wuhan, Shijiazhuang, and Chengdu completed three-wave longitudinal assessments over 9 months (September 2024-March 2025). Validated instruments included the School Bullying Scale (SBS) and Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS). The CLPM analysis evaluated bidirectional predictive pathways, with gender-stratified multi-group comparisons.

Results: Significant bidirectional negative associations emerged: (1) PA at T1/T2 predicted reduced SB at T2/T3 (β = -0.14 to -0.26, p < 0.001). (2) SB at T1/T2 predicted decreased PA at T2/T3 (β = -0.27 to -0.38, p < 0.001). (3) Gender significantly moderated these relationships, with PA conferring stronger protective effects against subsequent SB in males (β = -0.35 vs. -0.21 for PA→SB paths). Conversely, SB triggered earlier and more pronounced PA reductions in males (β = -0.42 vs. -0.29 for SB→PA paths).

Conclusions: PA and SB demonstrate stable bidirectional negative associations in adolescents, with significant gender divergence. Males exhibit greater resilience to bullying through PA engagement but heightened vulnerability to PA reduction post-victimization. These findings underscore PA-based interventions as promising bullying mitigation strategies, necessitating gender-tailored implementation approaches.

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青少年体育活动与校园欺凌的纵向关联：一个交叉滞后面板模型。

背景：校园欺凌是青少年中一个严重的全球公共卫生问题。尽管现有证据表明体育活动（PA）可以降低欺凌风险，但关于双向关联和性别差异的纵向数据仍然有限。本研究采用交叉滞后面板模型（cross-lag panel model， CLPM）探讨了小学生心理行为与校园欺凌之间的时间动态关系，并检验了性别调节效应。方法：对武汉、石家庄、成都7所学校的577名中学生（男生294名，女生283名，平均年龄14.31±2.1岁）进行为期9个月（2024年9月- 2025年3月）的三波纵向评估。经验证的工具包括学校欺凌量表（SBS）和身体活动评定量表（PARS）。CLPM分析评估了双向预测途径，并进行了性别分层的多组比较。结果：出现显著的双向负相关：(1)T1/T2时PA预测T2/T3时SB降低（β = -0.14 ~ -0.26, p < 0.001）。(2) T1/T2时SB预测T2/T3时PA降低（β = -0.27 ~ -0.38, p < 0.001）。(3)性别显著调节了这些关系，PA在男性中对随后的SB具有更强的保护作用（PA→SB路径的β = -0.35比-0.21）。相反，SB触发男性更早、更明显的PA降低（β = -0.42 vs. SB→PA路径的-0.29）。结论：PA与SB在青少年中呈稳定的双向负相关，且性别差异显著。男性通过PA参与对欺凌表现出更大的恢复力，但受害后PA减少的脆弱性更高。这些研究结果强调，基于pa的干预措施是有希望的欺凌缓解战略，需要有针对性的实施方法。

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