Basic and Clinical Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Brain MRI Volumetric Assessment of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: The Volume of Basal Ganglia, Thalamus, and Posterior Fossa.","authors":"Sima Fallah Arzpeyma, Sara Janeshin, Niusheh Soofi Afshar, Alia Saberi, Hamidreza Ghalyanchi Langroodi, Mohammad Ebrahim Ghaffari, Kamal AmirAshjei","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.1324.4","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2023.1324.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system, which is associated with brain atrophy and volume changes in some brain structures. This study aimed to compare the volume of the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem in patients with relapsing-remitting MS with that of the control group using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, MRI brain scans were obtained from 25 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 25 healthy control subjects. Volumetric analyses were performed using Brain Suite software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the MS and the control groups was 33.96±8.75 and 40.40±8.72, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in gender (P=0.747). The bilateral putamen and caudate nuclei volumes were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, lower the volume of the brainstem, cerebellum, bilateral thalamus, and globus pallidus were identified in the MS patients compared to the control group (P<0.001). There was an inverse correlation between the disease and treatment duration with the thalamus and cerebellum volume in MS patients (P=0.001). Treatment duration also had an inverse correlation with brainstem volume (P=0.047).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The volume of some structures of the brain, including globus pallidus, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem is lower in MS and can be one of the markers of disease progression and disability among MS patients.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Due to the degenerative process in multiple sclerosis, some cerebral structures may face volume change.The present study demonstrated that the volume of globus pallidus, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem is lower in MS patients compared to the controls.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is defined as an inflammatory disease involving the white matter of the brain, but experience has shown that many non-white matter structures also change in MS. In this study, we aimed to examine some parts of the brain, such as the thalamus, basal ganglia, brainstem, and cerebellum, for volume changes. The results showed that all these structures can have a smaller volume in MS patients than in healthy people. Especially in the case of the thalamus and cerebellum, this difference increases with increasing the disease duration. Changes in the size of these structures can be the result of degeneration of the neurons in these areas. These changes can cause significant disability in patients; however, there may not be significant changes in the number of plaques in patients. Attention to these changes can be essential in interpreting patients' clinical changes, including motor and cognitive disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Cortical Representation of Paraspinal Muscles Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Optimized in People With Chronic Back Pain.","authors":"Solaleh Saraiepour, Sedigheh Kahrizi, Mojdeh Ghabaee, Babak Bazrgari","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.4419.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2023.4419.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a global burden with an unknown etiology. Reorganization of the cortical representation of paraspinal muscles in the primary motor cortex (M1) may be related to the pathology. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), commonly used to map the functional organization of M1, is not potent enough to stimulate the cortical maps of paraspinal muscles in M1 in CLBP patients with reduced corticospinal excitability (CSE) with intensities even as high as maximum stimulator output (100% MSO). This makes TMS mapping impractical for these patients. The aim of this study was to increase the practicality of TMS mapping for people with CLBP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included eight men and ten women who had CLBP for over three months. A biphasic paired-pulse TMS paradigm, conjunct anticipatory postural adjustment (APA), and maximal voluntary activation of paraspinal muscles (MVC) were used to facilitate TMS mapping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TMS mapping was possible in all CLBP participants, with TMS intensities <50% of the MSO. Reorganization in terms of an anterior and lateral shift of the center of gravity (COG) of the cortical maps of paraspinal muscles was observed in all participants with CLBP, and a reduced number of discrete peaks was found in 33%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The facilitation of the CSE to paraspinal muscles makes TMS mapping more practical and tolerable in people with CLBP, lowering the risk of seizure and discomfort associated with high-intensity TMS pulses.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Conventional transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) brain mapping is not optimal for patients with Chronic low back pain (CLBP).Paired-pulse TMS dramatically lessens the energy needed for brain mapping.Maximal voluntary contraction of back muscles facilitates TMS mapping.Anticipatory postural activity of back muscles enhances the efficacy of TMS mapping.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a social, emotional, and economic burden and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Yet the etiology of the CLBP is unknown. The persistence of aberrant or antalgic movement patterns observed in people with CLBP has been suggested as a possible cause of pain chronification by inducing continuous damage to sensitive structures of the lumbar spine. It is well known that the brain is in charge of the production and planning of movements, so it is likely that abnormal movement patterns also stem from the abnormalities in the brain. However, until recently, human knowledge about the structure and function of the brain has been very limited. The invention of noninvasive and painless brain imaging and stimulating techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during the last decades has augmented our knowledge about the structure and function of the brain. Modification in terms of shift, shrinkage, or e","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early MS Identification Using Non-linear Functional Connectivity and Graph-theoretic Measures of Cognitive Task-fMRI Data.","authors":"Farzad Azarmi, Ahmad Shalbaf, Seyedeh Naghmeh Miri Ashtiani, Hamid Behnam, Mohammad Reza Daliri","doi":"10.32598/bcn.14.6.2034.4","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.14.6.2034.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Functional neuroimaging has developed a fundamental ground for understanding the physical basis of the brain. Recent studies have extracted invaluable information from the underlying substrate of the brain. However, cognitive deficiency has insufficiently been assessed by researchers in multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, extracting the brain network differences among relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and healthy controls as biomarkers of cognitive task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and evaluating such biomarkers using machine learning were the aims of this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In order to activate cognitive functions of the brain, blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) data were collected throughout the application of a cognitive task. Accordingly, a nonlinear-based brain network was established using kernel mutual information based on the automated anatomical labeling atlas (AAL). Subsequently, a statistical test was carried out to determine the variation in brain network measures between the two groups on binary adjacency matrices. We also found the prominent graph features by merging the Wilcoxon rank-sum test with the Fisher score as a hybrid feature selection method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the classification performance measures showed that the construction of a brain network using a new nonlinear connectivity measure in task-fMRI performs better than the linear connectivity measures in terms of classification. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test also demonstrated a superior result for clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We believe that non-linear connectivity measures, like KMI, outperform linear connectivity measures, like correlation coefficient in finding the biomarkers of MS disease according to classification performance metrics.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The performance of some brain regions (the hippocampus, parahippocampus, cuneus, pallidum, and two segments of the cerebellum) is different between healthy and MS people.Non-linear connectivity measures, such as Kernel mutual information, perform better than linear connectivity measures, such as correlation coefficient, in finding the biomarkers of MS disease.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) can disrupt the function of the central nervous system. The function of brain network is impaired in these patients. In this study, we evaluated the change in brain network based on a non-linear connectivity measure using cognitive task-based fMRI data between MS patients and healthy controls. We used Kernel mutual information (KMI) and designed a graph network based on the results of connectivity analysis. The the paced auditory serial addition test was used to activate cognitive functions of the brain. The classification was employed for the results using different decision tree -based technique and support vector machine. KMI can be cons","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Association Between Muscular Ultrasonographic Alterations and Clinical Symptoms in Patients With Inflammatory Myopathy.","authors":"Farzad Fatehi, Parisa Khaghani, Ali Asghar Okhovat, Kamyar Moradi, Farzad Teimouri, Mahsa Mortaja, Mahsa Layegh, Akram Panahi, Shahriar Nafissi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.3567.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2021.3567.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Muscle biopsy is commonly used to diagnose inflammatory myopathies. We evaluated the ability of muscle ultrasound, a non-invasive and simple tool, to distinguish between healthy subjects and patients with inflammatory myopathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted on 17 patients recently diagnosed with biopsy inflammatory myopathies (12 dermatomyositis, 5 polymyositis) compared with 17 age- and gender-matched healthy control adults. All patients underwent clinical assessments, including manual muscle testing, hand-held dynamometry, and muscle ultrasound evaluations, including thickness and echo intensity in predefined muscle groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The disease duration was seven months (interquartile range: 3 to 11 months). Except for the biceps and gastrocnemius, patients' muscles had significantly higher echo intensity and lower thickness than the control group. The echo intensity sum-score manifested the highest area under the curve compared to the sum-scores of other variables (echo intensity vs manual muscle testing: Area under curves-difference=0.18, P<0.01; echo intensity vs dynamometry: Area under curves-difference=0.14, P=0.02; echo intensity vs thickness: Area under curves-differences-difference=0.25, P<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The echo intensity of muscles differed significantly between healthy individuals and patients with inflammatory myopathies and may serve as a useful diagnostic biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11016877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pentylenetetrazole Induced Kindling Model of Refractory Epilepsy: A Proof-of-concept Study to Explore Dose and Time Range of Phenobarbital in Rats.","authors":"Surabhi Thapliyal, Nitika Garg, Rupa Joshi, Amitava Chakrabarti, Bikash Medhi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3904.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2022.3904.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Drug-resistant epilepsy is an unmet medical condition that impacts 30% of epileptic patients. Numerous antiseizure drugs have already been developed but they provide only symptomatic relief and do not target the underlying pathogenesis. Preclinical models provide opportunities to gain insights into obscure mechanisms of drug-resistant epilepsy. Current animal models possess lacunae that need rectification and validation to discover novel antiepileptic drugs. The present study aims to validate 3 different doses of phenobarbital at 2 different periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pentylenetetrazole was given at a sub-convulsive dose (30 mg/kg/day/intraperitoneal [IP]) for 28 days to develop kindling in male Wistar rats. Further, kindled rats were divided into the following four groups: Pentylenetetrazole control, pentylenetetrazole and phenobarbital (20 mg/kg), pentylenetetrazole and phenobarbital 40 mg/kg, and pentylenetetrazole and phenobarbital (60 mg/kg). They were assessed on days 14 and 28 post-kindling. Seizure scoring, oxidative stress, phenobarbital plasma levels, and histopathology of hippocampal neurons were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the combination of pentylenetetrazole and phenobarbital (40 and 60 mg/kg) remarkably decreased seizure score, elucidated higher antioxidant effect, and prevented neuronal injury on day 14, whereas increased seizure score, oxidative stress, and neuronal death was observed with chronic administration of pentylenetetrazole and phenobarbital in kindled rats at day 28. Moreover, phenobarbital levels in blood were significantly increased at day 28 of phenobarbital treatment compared to day 14.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The adapted protocol with phenobarbital 40 mg/kg dose could be of great potential in screening antiseizure drugs in refractory epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11016876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Social Anxiety Disorder: Application of a Longitudinal Method for Evaluation of Mediation Role of Acceptance, Cognitive Fusion and Values","authors":"Esmail Soltani, Seyed Abdolmajid Bahrainian, Ali Farhoudian, Abbas Masjedi Arani, Latif Gachkar","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2785.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2021.2785.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on symptom severity, fear of negative evaluation, quality of life (QoL), and the mediating role of acceptance, cognitive fusion, and value among patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with SAD were randomized in the intervention (n=15) or waiting list groups (n=15). The social phobia and Anxiety inventory (SPAI), brief fear of negative evaluation scale (BFNE), World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQoL) scale, social anxiety-acceptance and action questionnaire (SA-AAQ), cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ), and valued living questionnaire (VLQ) were administered before, immediately after, and at a one-month follow-up. Repeated measurement design was used in the intervention group to investigate the changes of mediation and outcomes variables in the pre-test, during treatment, and post-test. Twenty-four patients completed the study. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and repeated measurements. Results: There were significant differences between the intervention and waiting list groups in the severity of symptoms (P=0.001), fear of negative evaluation (P=0.002), and QoL (P=0.03), as well as in terms of specific measures of SA-AAQ (P=0.001), cognitive fusion (P=0.001), an important section of VLQ (P=0.001). Repeated measurement results showed that acceptance and action of social anxiety and cognitive fusion had a mediating role in the severity of social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and QoL. Conclusion: The results indicated the effectiveness of ACT for SAD and highlighted the mediator role of social anxiety, acceptance and action, and cognitive fusion in the severity of SAD.","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136260256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seven Ambiguities in Explaining the Human Memory System in the Principles of Neural Science Book","authors":"Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.1774.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2023.1774.4","url":null,"abstract":"Memory is probably one of the most complex human cognitive functions, and in many years, thousands of studies have helped us better recognize this brain function. Professor Kandel and his colleagues have written one of the reference textbooks in neuroscience, which has also elaborated on the memory function. In this book, I encountered several ambiguities while explaining the memory system. Here, I share those points, either to find an answer to them or to let them be a suggestion for our future works. Professor Kandel has spent most of his meritorious lifetime studying the memory system; however, the brain is extremely complex, and as a result, we still have many years to comprehensively understand the neural mechanisms of brain functions.","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Psychometric Properties of Sex Addiction Screening Test-revised for Persian Population","authors":"Sina Shafiezadeh, , Hossein Mohajeri, Atiyeh MohammadShirazi, Peyman Hassani-Abharian, , , ","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.1920.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2022.1920.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sexual addiction is known as a disorder that afflicts a person with difficulty in controlling or delaying sexual behaviors. To prevent social, physical, and psychological consequences, validated screening tests are needed to diagnose this disorder. One of these tests is established by Carnes with the name of sexual addiction screening test-revised (SAST-R). In this study, SAST-R has been translated and verified in the Persian language. Methods: The original screening test was translated into the Persian language and also back-translated for matching by two separate expert teams. The data was collected through an online survey of 1268 participants who were in the age range of 18 to 65 years (Mean±SD 29.44±6.90), and 56.1% and 43.9% of the population were women and men, respectively. Three questionnaires, including the SAST-R, the hypersexual behavior consequences scale, and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale as the principal, convergent, and divergent tests were administered to the participants. Results: The reliability of the test’s internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.883), split-half (Cronbach α=0.779), and Guttman (lambda coefficients were between 0.773 to 0.883) tests were used. In addition, 4 methods of content validity (sexual hyperactivity specialist approved), convergent structure validity (P<0.001, R=0.731), the validity of divergent structure (P<0.09, R=-0.132), and factor validity (comparative fit index=0.884, goodness of fit index=0.873, root mean square error of approximation=0.047) were measured and confirmed the validity of the test. Conclusion: The Persian version of SAST-R is a reliable preclinical tool to assess the severity of sexual desire in patients.","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135703282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of Right/Left Hand Motor Imagery by Effective Connectivity Based on Transfer Entropy in Electroencephalogram Signal","authors":"Erfan Rezaei, Ahmad Shalbaf","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2034.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2021.2034.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The right and left-hand motor imagery (MI) analysis based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal can directly link the central nervous system to a computer or a device. This study aims to identify a set of robust and nonlinear effective brain connectivity features quantified by transfer entropy (TE) to characterize the relationship between brain regions from EEG signals and create a hierarchical feature selection and classification for discrimination of right and lefthand MI tasks. Methods: TE is calculated among EEG channels as the distinctive, effective connectivity features. TE is a model-free method that can measure nonlinear effective connectivity and analyze multivariate dependent directed information flow among neural EEG channels. Then four feature subset selection methods namely relief-F, Fisher, Laplacian, and local learningbased clustering (LLCFS) algorithms are used to choose the most significant effective connectivity features and reduce redundant information. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) methods are used for classification. Results: Results show that the best performance in 29 healthy subjects and 60 trials is achieved using the TE method via the Relief-F algorithm as feature selection and support vector machine (SVM) classification with 91.02% accuracy. Conclusion: The TE index and a hierarchical feature selection and classification can be useful for the discrimination of right- and left-hand MI tasks from multichannel EEG signals.","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136131361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Therapeutic Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Quasi-experimental Study.","authors":"Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar,&nbsp;Somayyeh Emamizad,&nbsp;Ali Fakhari-Dehkharghani,&nbsp;Parnia Pouya","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3524.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3524.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for some psychiatric disorders. It is postulated that ECT should primarily be considered for patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the context of major depression. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ECT in OCD patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 12 adult patients with severe OCD (Yale-Brown test score above 25) and no comorbid psychiatric disorders referred to a tertiary care hospital for psychiatric disorders. Treatment was administered three times a week for up to three to four weeks (a minimum of 8 sessions and a maximum of 12 sessions). We completed the Yale-Brown test for all patients before ECT, on the day after applying ECT, and two months after the final ECT session to evaluate the effect of therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Yale-Brown patients' Mean±SD significantly decreased after the ECT sessions from 28.08±2.50 to 17.17±3.78 (P=0.043). After treatment, the severity of OCD decreased in all patients and turned to mild and moderate levels in 4 patients (33.3%) and 8 (66.7%), respectively. After two months, the Mean±SD Yale-Brown score slightly increased to 18.08±1.62 (P=0.125), and the severity of OCD in all 12 patients (100%) became moderate. Nevertheless, in none of them, the Yale-Brown score increased and returned to the baseline value in this period. None of the patients developed significant side effects during or after ECT sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ECT was a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for patients with treatment-resistant OCD with no comorbid psychiatric disorders. However, further randomized controlled trials are required to validate the efficacy of ECT for OCD treatment before implementing it in the routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/b0/BCN-14-19.PMC10279984.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10088484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}