Basic and Clinical Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Brainwave Synchronization Using Binaural Beats on Improving Working Memory and Reducing the Severity of Symptoms in Women With Obsessive-compulsive Disorder.","authors":"Zahra Hodhodi, Mehrangiz Pyvastegar, Peyman Hassani Abharian, Azam Farah Bidjari, Batool Ahadi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.4233.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.4233.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Binaural beats are one of the new methods of brainwave synchronization. However, there is little knowledge about its clinical applications. The positive effect of this method on executive functions, such as attention and working memory, in the γ band has been mainly confirmed in healthy individuals. Still, its effectiveness on disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with a prominent cognitive profile, has not been established. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of binaural beats on working memory and the severity of OCD symptoms in the γ band in the affected women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-nine OCD women aged 25-40 years referring to psychological clinics in Tehran City, Iran, were selected by convenience sampling. After completing the symptom checklist 90 (SCL90) and the Yale-Brown severity scale (SS), the participants were given the Wechsler memory scale (WMS) digit repetition subtests. Then, they were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=15) and control (n=14) groups. The audio file of the binaural beats in the γ band was provided to the experimental group. The participants in the control group listened to the normal (no-wave) audio file. Both groups listened to the audio files for two weeks, three times a week, for 30 minutes each time. The Yale-Brown SS and digit repetition in post-test and one-month follow-up periods were obtained from both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results, the severity of OCD symptoms was significantly reduced in the post-test and follow-up stages by the γ binaural beats (P<0.05). Also, the working memory function was improved, although it was not statistically significant (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study show that binaural beats can be used as a complementary treatment to reduce the severity of OCD symptoms. Also, it seems that the patients' working memory is strengthened with this method.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal Structure and Function of Parietal Lobe in Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review Study.","authors":"Vahid Nejati, Elnaz Ghayerin","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.2843.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.2843.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Abnormal brain structure and function have been reported in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated the parietal lobe structure and function alteration in individuals with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this systematic review, we searched English papers in accordance with the PRISMA (the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) approach. Studies were published between January 2010 and May 2021. Our search was conducted in two parts. Our first search was in July 2020, and our final search was in June 2021. A literature search identified 20 empirical experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies generally reported low activity and poor connectivity; structural MRI studies reported less gray matter in this lobe, and an echo study reported atrophy. In addition, electroencephalographic studies reported less connectivity of the parietal lobes in ADHD. Furthermore, the transcranial direct current stimulation intervention has shown that activation of this lobe improves attention and executive functions in children with ADHD. Finally, a deep transcranial magnetic stimulation study has demonstrated that activation of this lobe improves working memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Functional and structural alteration of the parietal cortex has been reported in ADHD, which has a causal relationship with cognitive impairments. In sum, all included studies reported abnormal structure, function, or connectivity of the parietal lobe or improvement of cognitive functions with parietal lobe stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graph-based Analysis to Predict Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment Response in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Using EEG Signals.","authors":"Behrouz Nobakhsh, Ahmad Shalbaf, Reza Rostami, Reza Kazemi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.2034.5","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2023.2034.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-pharmacological treatment for drug-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Since the success rate of rTMS treatment is about 50%-55%, it is essential to predict the treatment outcome before starting based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, leading to identifying effective biomarkers and reducing the burden of health care centers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To this end, pretreatment EEG data with 19 channels in the resting state from 34 drug-resistant MDD patients were recorded. Then, all patients received 20 sessions of rTMS treatment, and a reduction of at least 50% in the total beck depression inventory (BDI-II) score before and after the rTMS treatment was defined as a reference. In the current study, effective brain connectivity features were determined by the direct directed transfer function (dDTF) method from patients' pretreatment EEG data in all frequency bands separately. Then, the brain functional connectivity patterns were modeled as graphs by the dDTF method and examined with the local graph theory indices, including degree, out-degree, in-degree, strength, out-strength, in-strength, and betweenness centrality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that the betweenness centrality index in the Fp2 node and the δ frequency band are the best biomarkers, with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.85 for predicting the rTMS treatment outcome in drug-resistant MDD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed method investigated the significant biomarkers that can be used to predict the rTMS treatment outcome in drug-resistant MDD patients and help clinical decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myasthenia Gravis and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Amirhossein Nafari, Seyedpouzhia Shojaei, Reza Jalili Khoshnood, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh, Arash Tafreshinejad, Saeid Safari, Omid Mirmosayyeb","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.4360.5","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2023.4360.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction, exhibits varying rates of COVID-19 infection across different studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 infection in individuals with MG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and gray literature, including references to the research published before October 2021. The total number of participants, the first author, the publication year, the country of origin, the number of MG patients, their symptoms, hospitalization rates, and deaths were all extracted as study data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our literature search yielded 253 articles, of which 75 remained after removing duplicates. Finally, 18 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 infection in MG cases was found to be 2% (95% CI, 1%, 3%; I²=85%, P<0.001). Additionally, the pooled prevalence of hospitalization among those with COVID-19 infection was 43% (95% CI, 26%, 60%; I²=97.6%; P<0.001), and the pooled prevalence of MG exacerbation was 33% (95% CI, 20%, 46%; I²=92.6%; P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, this systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 infection in individuals with MG is 2%.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupting Maternal Behavior and Inducing Cannibalism Due to Valproic Acid: An Unexplored Insight.","authors":"Ashish Jain, Neha Dhir, Harvinder Singh, Amit Raj Sharma, Bikash Medhi, Ajay Prakash","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.4410.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.4410.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Valproic acid (VPA) is the most widely used chemical to develop the preclinical model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, in addition to inducing autism, it causes different teratogenic effects like teeth malformation, tail kink, and abnormal body growth in offspring. So far, no study has explored VPA-induced maternal misbehavior, miscarriage, and maternal cannibalism. We aimed to determine the cannibalistic effects of VPA in pregnant female Wistar rats and VPA's influence on causing miscarriage frequency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study was conducted on pregnant Wistar rats. On gestation day (GD) 12.5, they were treated with VPA (600 mg/kg intraperitoneal) dissolved in saline at 250 mg/mL concentration. The observations were mean litter size, mean male/female pups, mean mortality, maternal cannibalism, mean number of pups alive, cannibalism of malformed pups, miscarriage, survival analysis of pups, and odds and risk ratio were calculated for deaths observed in both study (control and VPA-treated) groups. The study was conducted till the weaning period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VPA-exposed pregnant females portrayed significantly decreased litter size (P<0.0001), significantly higher cannibalistic behavior (P=0.0023), and significantly higher cannibalism of malformed pups (P=0.0484) than the control group. VPA had caused complete pregnancy loss (miscarriage) in 5 pregnant females. Moreover, the VPA group's mortality percentage (P=0.0019) was significantly higher than the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, VPA has marked teratogenic effects (anatomical and morphological changes in offspring) with maternal behavior disruption, which causes cannibalism in Wistar female rats. The current manuscript findings can aid in investigating the novel mechanisms involved in maternal behavior disruption during the development of the VPA autism model.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Stroke After the COVID-19 Infection.","authors":"Mahsa Babaee, Karim Atashgar, Ali Amini Harandi, Atefeh Yousefi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3608.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2022.3608.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although several studies have been published about COVID-19, ischemic stroke is known yet as a complicated problem for COVID-19 patients. Scientific reports have indicated that in many cases, the incidence of stroke in patients with COVID-19 leads to death.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The obtained mathematical equation in this study can help physicians' decision-making about treatment and identification of influential clinical factors for early diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, data from 128 patients between March and September 2020, including their demographic information, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters were collected and analyzed statistically. A logistic regression model was developed to identify the significant variables in predicting stroke incidence in patients with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters for 128 patients (including 76 males and 52 females; with a mean age of 57.109±15.97 years) were considered as the inputs that included ventilator dependence, comorbidities, and laboratory tests, including WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet count, C-reactive protein, blood urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were considered indices to determine the model capability. The accuracy of the model classification was also addressed by 93.8%. The area under the curve was 97.5% with a 95% CI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings showed that ventilator dependence, cardiac ejection fraction, and LDH are associated with the occurrence of stroke and the proposed model can predict the stroke effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menthol Dissolved in Dimethyl Sulfoxide Protects Against Epileptiform Activity Induced by Pentylenetetrazol in Male Rats.","authors":"Yousef Panahi, Mohammad Amin Monazzah, Gholamreza Vafaei Saiah","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3025.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3025.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This research aims to investigate the protective action of menthol dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on experimental epileptiform activity induced by the intraperitoneal (IP) injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in male rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly assigned to five equal groups. The control animals received normal saline (200 μL) and the rest four cohorts were considered as treatment. Menthol was dissolved in DMSO and intraperitoneally injected at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg into the first, second, and third groups (M100, M200, and M400 V=200 μL), respectively. The fourth treatment was injected with the solvent (200 μL). The animals were anesthetized, then underwent cranial surgery and a recording electrode was implanted in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampal carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) region (AP=-2.76 mm, ML=-1.4 mm and DV=3 mm). The seizure activity was induced by PTZ (IP) and assessed by counting and measuring amplitudes of the spikes for 10 minutes using the eTrace program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Menthol was observed to significantly reduce the activity level of PTZ-induced epileptiform activity, as well as exert a protective and inhibitory action on proconvulsant effect of DMSO in a dose-dependent manner.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Menthol can potentially be used as an adjuvant to prevent seizure activity.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) induces proconvulsant effects, significantly increasing spike counts.Menthol 100 mg/kg also stimulates seizure activity, leading to a substantial spike count increase.Menthol 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibit inhibitory effects, decreasing seizure activity and spike counts.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>In this study, we explored the potential protective effects of menthol, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), on experimentally induced epileptiform activity in male rats. Our research involved thirty adult male Wistar rats, divided into five groups. While the control group received normal saline, the remaining four groups were treated with different doses of menthol in DMSO. The rats underwent surgery, and electrodes were implanted in the hippocampal region for recording. Using pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to induce seizure activity, we observed that menthol, administered at varying doses, significantly reduced the level of epileptiform activity triggered by PTZ. Notably, menthol also demonstrated a protective and inhibitory effect on the proconvulsant action of DMSO, and this effect was dose-dependent. In simpler terms, our findings suggest that menthol has the potential to be used as an additional treatment to prevent seizure activity. This means that incorporating menthol, especially at specific doses, may offer a protective influence against epileptic events. This research sheds light on a promising avenue for potential therapeutic","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Drug Reactions of Multiple Sclerosis Disease-modifying Drugs.","authors":"Maryam Salehbayat, Roya Abolfazli, Niayesh Mohebbi, Seyed Mehrdad Savar, Gloria Shalviri, Kheirollah Gholami","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2848.2","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2848.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) challenges multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. This study aims to assess the nature and frequency of ADRs induced by MS medications in an observational cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ADRs of all outpatients who had seen a neurologist and had received at least one disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for MS during the last three months were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 484 ADRs were detected in these patients. The preventability rate was 5.9%, and 0.61% of reactions were serious.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high frequency of adverse drug reactions in this study shows a strong need for strategy planning to increase patients' adherence to treatment.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common in MS patients using disease modifying therapies.Such ADRs are more common in women than men.Various brand names of biosimilar disease-modifying therapy (DMT)s may have a different ADR profile.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that can be managed by using disease modifying medications. Such medication could trigger an adverse reaction in the patients., affecting their commitment to the treatment. By identifying these adverse reactions and educating the MS patients about these reactions and how the adverse effects can be managed, healthcare providers can improve the treatment process. This study recorded the adverse drug reactions in 250 MS patients who were receiving the medication for at least three months. Most of the patients (76.4%) experienced some kind of adverse reaction. A bigger proportion of women experienced adverse reactions than men. About 84% of these reactions occurred within the first 3 hours of receiving the medication. Depending on the medication's brand name, the rate of adverse drug reactions were different in some cases. The results of this study point out the fact that experiencing adverse drug reactions is common in MS patients and these experiences could be different for each medication with a different brand name. Therefore, it is important for the healthcare providers to inform the patients about such reactions and the patients should seek all the information they need to manage these adverse effects by consulting their physician.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antinociceptive Effects of Combined Treatment With Atorvastatin and Vitamin C in the Chronic Constriction Injury Model of Rats.","authors":"Abolfazl Abbaszadeh, Najmeh Pirzadroozbahani, Mahmood Reza Moradkhani, Amin Hasanvand","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.895.2","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.895.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by damage to the somatosensory system. Nerve damage often results in chronic pain states, including hyperalgesia and allodynia. This study aims to evaluate the anti-nociceptive effects of atorvastatin, vitamin C, and their combination on various laboratory tests in an experimental model NP in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To assess the analgesic effects of atorvastatin (5 and 10 mg/kg), vitamin C (500 mg/kg), and their co-administration on chronic constriction injury (CCI) was induced in rats. Behavioral tests, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative markers were measured. Furthermore, histopathological examination was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, it was found that the CCI model can significantly cause hyperalgesia and allodynia on the 21^st postoperative day. It was found that the co-administration of vitamin C and atorvastatin has attenuating effects on allodynia and hyperalgesia. Co-administration of vitamin C and atorvastatin also improved MNCV. In the treatment groups, the inflammatory reactions and oxidative markers decreased. Moreover, the co-administration of atorvastatin and vitamin C decreased the perineural inflammation around the sciatic nerve.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study showed that vitamin C potentiates the analgesic effects of atorvastatin in this model of experimental pain, and simultaneous consumption of these medications may be considered as effective therapeutics for NP. The protective properties of atorvastatin, and vitamin C, and their combination on the NP that were assessed can be regarded as a novelty for this study.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The co-administration of atorvastatin and vitamin C significantly decreases inflammatory cytokines.The co-administration of atorvastatin and vitamin C significantly decreases stress oxidant markers.The co-administration of atorvastatin and vitamin C significantly attenuated nociceptive effects.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Nerve damage causes the deposition of inflammatory factors and or oxidative stress at the site of injury, which in turn activates glial cells that are involved in increasing the inflammatory process by producing and releasing pro-inflammatory agents and oxidative stress. Among statins, atorvastatin is a drug to reduce inflammation, and its effectiveness has been recorded as an antioxidant effect. Vitamin C is known as a neuroprotective agent. Ascorbate inhibits the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in monocytes in high doses (20 mM) by inhibiting them. The rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of 10 animals as follows: 1: Sham-operated, 2: Chronic constriction injury (CCI), 3: CCI+vitamin C (500 mg/kg), 4: CCI+atorvastatin (5 mg/kg), 5: CCI+atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), 6: CCI+vitamin C (500 mg/kg)+atorvastatin (5","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in Diffusion Tensor Imaging-derived Indices of Auditory Pathway-related Fiber Tracts in Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss.","authors":"Samira Sadeghinasab, Ali Reza Eftekhari Moghadam, Nader Saki, Arash Bayat, Ghasem Saki","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.3593.2","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2023.3593.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hearing loss is the most common sensory-neurological defect in humans. The most common hearing impairment is sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by the inner ear and related nerves. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced MRI technique that can provide valuable information about auditory neural pathways and their microstructural changes. The present study was designed to investigate the microstructural changes in auditory pathways-related fiber tracts in children with SNHL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two children including 11 subjects with SNHL aged 1-4 years and 11 healthy children were examined as controls. Then, DTI-derived parameters, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AxD), and radial diffusivity (RD), and volume of fiber tracts were extracted from the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, acoustic radiation, and uncinate fasciculus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed an increase in MD, RD, and AxD as well as a decrease in FA, volume, and diameter of auditory-pathway-related fiber tracts. Interestingly, there was an increase in the FA of acoustic radiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>White matter connections in the auditory canal decrease and AR integrity increases due to compensatory effects. These probably reflect atrophy or degradation as well as compensatory cross-modal reorganization in the absence of auditory input and the use of sign language.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) plays an important role in preoperative planning.Anatomical knowledge of the auditory tract is essential for lacrimal drainage surgeries, such as cochlear implantation.DTI-based biomarkers for brain changes and allows us to better understand the pathophysiological changes of auditory tract.Microstructural changes in the fiber tracts associated with the auditory pathway can distinguish sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) from healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common type and accounts for the majority of all hearing loss. SNHL is a congenital deficit and refers to any cause of hearing loss due to a pathology of the cochlea, auditory nerve, or central nervous system. One of the chief treatment planning is cochlear implant for these patients. So, it is necessary to evaluate the auditory system by imaging devices such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) before treatment. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography, or diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography, is an MRI technique that measures the rate of water diffusion between cells to understand and create a map of the body's internal structures; it is most commonly used to provide imaging of the brain. The purpose of the present research was to assess the auditory system and its nerve routs in children before cochlear implant. This study showed that DT imaging is a novel approach for assessment","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}