Basic and Clinical Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The PCSK9 Protein Is Not Necessarily a Risk Factor for Major Depressive Disorder.","authors":"Elahe Habibitabar, Shima Khanverdiloo, Mona Doostizadeh, Leila Jahangard, Jamshid Karimi, Gholamreza Shafiee","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.4044.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.4044.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the common psychiatric disorders that is characterized by abnormal neurobiological responses. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) is important in cholesterol homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to investigate PCSK9 levels and oxidative stress with MDD disease. The study included 30 patients with MDD and 30 healthy controls. Their blood samples were collected in sterile tubes, and the serum PCSK9 concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were determined by ELISA kits. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and copper concentration were determined manually. There was a significant increase in PCSK9 levels in the patient group (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with a sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 52% was 0.928 (95% CI, 0.86-0.996) for PCSK9 in the patient group (P<0.001). It was found that MDA (P=0.036) level was higher in the MDD group, but TAC (P=0.445) level, SOD (P=0.148), GPx (P=0.019) activities, and copper concentration were lower in the patient group compared with the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results confirm the relationship between oxidative stress and MDD and also suggest a link between PCSK9 and MDD disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"15 4","pages":"519-530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Custom-made Implants for Chronic In Vivo Electrophysiological Recording From Primate's Brain Based on the Reconstructed Skull Model.","authors":"Ehsan Rezayat, Farzad Shayanfar, Mostafa HajiNasrollah, Farideh Shakrian, Mohammad-Reza A Dehaqani","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.600.2","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2021.600.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In vivo neural recordings from primates require the installation of implants on the skull of the animal. Despite some improvements, current routines risk predisposition to infection and failure or impose constant discomfort by placing heaviness on the top of the head.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A custom-designed imaging adapter was obtained by magnetic resonance and computerized tomography (CT) imaging of the head region. Then, based on a reconstructed skull model, the implants were designed and constructed using a computer numerical control (CNC) machine. During the surgical operation, the position of each implant was sketched on the skull, and implants were slipped onto their predicted site, following their sketched boundaries without any manual reshaping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have performed this procedure on two monkeys. After surgery, the location of the implants has been verified by CT imaging. The recovery period was without significant complications with minimal infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our experiment showed that applying an image-guided design makes it possible to utilize the skull area better and gain access to brain regions. At the same time, our method reduced the possibility of gap formation between the implant and skull open skin margins. It reduces the time and cost of operation, resulting in a reduced chance of infection and failure, and provides animal-friendly operational surgery procedures. Despite some improvements, more refinements of methodology are still required. Here, we propose and report an improvement in the design and installation of low-cost biocompatible implants providing access to at least three brain regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":"455-462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mecamylamine Reverses the Effects of Cytisine on the Oral Self-administration of Ethanol in Rats.","authors":"Juan C Jimenez, Rosa I Ruiz Garcia, Benita Cedillo-Ildefonso, David Hernandez, Florencio Miranda","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.4730.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2023.4730.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It has been suggested that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) expressed in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (nAcc) modulate the effects of drug abuse. This research assessed the effects of intra-accumbal administration of the nAchR antagonist (mecamylamine) and agonist (cytisine) on the operant oral self-administration of ethanol (EtOH) in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Wistar rats were water-deprived for 24 h and then trained to lever-press for EtOH reinforcement on a fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) schedule for three sessions. After that, the number of responses in the FR schedule increased to 3 until the response rate remained stable at 80%. After this training, the rats received an intra-accumbal injection of the nAchR antagonist, mecamylamine (0.0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 μg), then nAchR agonist, cytisine (0.0, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 μg) or the combination of mecamylamine (0.0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 μg) and cytisine (3.2 μg) before being provided access to EtOH on a FR3 schedule.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data showed that intra-accumbal administration of mecamylamine reduced operant oral self-administration of EtOH, whereas cytisine increased operant oral self-administration of EtOH. This effect was reversed by mecamylamine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that nAchRs in the nAcc may modulate the operant oral self-administration of EtOH in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"15 4","pages":"489-498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report of Parental Germline Mosaicism in the <i>PCDH19</i> Gene of Two Iranian Siblings.","authors":"Sahar Alijanpour, Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Seyed Hassan Tonekaboni, Parvaneh Karimzadeh, Farzad Ahmadabadi, Elham Rahimian, Samareh Panjeshahi, Mohammad Miryounesi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.5507.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2023.5507.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 9 (DEE9) is caused by pathogenic variants in the <i>PCDH19</i> gene. The clinical features include early-onset seizures that are often provoked by fever and display clustered seizures, mild to profound intellectual disability, autistic traits, and behavioral disturbances. DEE9 is characterized by an unusual X-linked pattern where heterozygous females or rarely mosaic hemizygous males are affected, but hemizygous males and homozygous females are asymptomatic. In recent years, an increasing number of female and male patients with <i>PCDH19</i>-related epilepsy and symptoms have been reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we report two additional female patients with DEE9 who are siblings. After analyzing karyotype testing results, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for the proband. Then, Sanger sequencing was carried out for proband, her affected sister, and parents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sequencing results revealed that our two patients had a heterozygous frameshift variant (NM_001184880.2: c.1091delC, p.P364Rfs*4) in the <i>PCDH19</i> gene. We also reviewed previously reported cases with this mutation in detail.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report of germline mosaicism in the <i>PCDH19</i> gene in the Iranian population and expanded the phenotypic spectrum of DEE9. Genetic testing has become an effective way of determining the diagnosis. Parental germline mosaicism should be considered when providing genetic counseling for X-linked/autosomal dominant disorders. This report also emphasizes the importance of considering prenatal diagnosis (PND) in such cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"15 4","pages":"541-552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Low-intensity Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Response Inhibition of Adults With Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Firouzeh Mahjoubnavaz, Elahe Khosrowabadi, Fatemeh Latifi, Yasaman Daroughe Kazem, Jalil Gholizadeh Soltani, Hamideh Khalilpour, Farhad Soleymani","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.4707.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.4707.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Response inhibition is an impaired cognitive function in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) individuals. This primary deficit during the cancelation of an intended movement is observed even in the minimal demanding cognitive tasks. Studies have shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), especially on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), can improve response inhibition. Nevertheless, TMS has a low spatial resolution, and its effect may not be observed in a single-session intervention. Studies show that low-intensity TMS has higher spatial resolution. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this method for intervention of response inhibition in ADHD individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><b>I</b>n a double-blind paradigm, the performance of the adults with ADHD while executing a Stroop color and word test (SCWT) was measured during a sham or a real stimulation of the DLPFC. Subsequently, the response inhibitions of the participants were measured before and after the stimulation. The number of correct, wrong, and missed answers to 96 computerized trials and the response times of the answers were measured. In addition, changes in electro-cortical activities during the rest phase before and after the stimulation were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After checking for data normality, the paired t-test between behavioral data showed that low-intensity magnetic stimulation of the DLPFC can improve response inhibition (reduce errors) even in a single-session intervention of ADHD individuals. The answering times did not change significantly. The behavioral changes were associated with significant changes in the power of EEG in delta and beta frequency bands at the frontal areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed stimulation protocol with low-intensity TMS had a fair effect on the response inhibition in adults with ADHD. Therefore, it could be suggested as a treatment protocol for response inhibition in ADHD individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"15 4","pages":"531-540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 40-Hz White Light Emitting Diode to Alleviate Psychiatric Symptoms Induced by Streptozotocin In Vivo.","authors":"Elham Soleimani, Abolhassan Ahmadiani, Maryam Bazrgar, Fariba Khodagholi, Afsaneh Eliassi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2024.1856.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2024.1856.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A 40-Hz white light emitting diode (WLED) has emerged as an alternative nonpharmacological and noninvasive approach to Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of 40-Hz WLED on psychiatric symptoms (PS) and the contribution of mitochondrial factors in the early stages of sporadic AD (sAD) in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In male Wistar rats, the AD model was induced via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After recovering (7 days) from stereotaxic surgery, 40-Hz WLED exposure was performed for 7 consecutive days lasting 15 min/d. Behavioral (elevated plus maze (EPM), force swim test, and social interaction test), enzymatic, and molecular assays were conducted 24 hours after the last 40-Hz WLED exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Behavioral tasks revealed that 40-Hz WLED exposure in STZ-induced toxicity rats lowered anxiety and depression and increased social interaction. Furthermore, the 40-Hz WLED therapy in STZ-induced toxicity rats increased catalase (CAT) activity in the amygdala, decreased the activity of monoamine oxidases A and B in the whole brain, and increased mitochondrial DNA in the hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study supports that 40-Hz WLED therapy improved PS and biomarkers in the early stages of sAD. Also, a potential relationship between PS and alterations in mitochondrial markers in certain brain regions seems to exist.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"15 4","pages":"463-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feature Extraction With Stacked Autoencoders for EEG Channel Reduction in Emotion Recognition.","authors":"Elnaz Vafaei, Fereidoun Nowshiravan Rahatabad, Seyed Kamaledin Setarehdan, Parviz Azadfallah","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.5138.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2023.5138.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Emotion recognition by electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is one of the complex methods because the extraction and recognition of the features hidden in the signal are sophisticated and require a significant number of EEG channels. Presenting a method for feature analysis and an algorithm for reducing the number of EEG channels fulfills the need for research in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Accordingly, this study investigates the possibility of utilizing deep learning to reduce the number of channels while maintaining the quality of the EEG signal. A stacked autoencoder network extracts optimal features for emotion classification in valence and arousal dimensions. Autoencoder networks can extract complex features to provide linear and non- linear features which are a good representative of the signal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The accuracy of a conventional emotion recognition classifier (support vector machine) using features extracted from SAEs was obtained at 75.7% for valence and 74.4% for arousal dimensions, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further analysis also illustrates that valence dimension detection with reduced EEG channels has a different composition of EEG channels compared to the arousal dimension. In addition, the number of channels is reduced from 32 to 12, which is an excellent development for designing a small-size EEG device by applying these optimal features.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"15 3","pages":"393-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11470895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"fMRI-Based Multi-class DMDC Model Efficiently Decodes the Overlaps between ASD and ADHD.","authors":"Zahra Zolghadr, Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli, Hamid Alavi Majd, Lida Shafaghi, Yadollah Mehrabi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.4302.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2023.4302.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neurodevelopmental disorders comprise a group of neuropsychiatric conditions. Presently, behavior-based diagnostic approaches are utilized in clinical settings, but the overlapping features among these disorders obscure their recognition and management. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have common characteristics across various levels, from genes to symptoms. Designing a computational framework based on the neuroimaging findings could provide a discriminative tool for ultimate more efficient treatment. Machine learning approaches, specifically classification methods are among the most applied techniques to reach this goal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied a novel two-level multi-class data maximum dispersion classifier (DMDC) algorithm to classify the functional neuroimaging data (utilizing datasets: ADHD-200 and autism brain imaging data exchange (ABIDE)) into two categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders (ASD and ADHD) or healthy participants, based on calculated functional connectivity values (statistical temporal correlation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our model achieved a total accuracy of 62% for healthy controls. Specifically, it demonstrated an accuracy of 51% for healthy subjects, 61% for autism spectrum disorder, and 84% for ADHD. The support vector machine (SVM) model achieved an accuracy of 46% for both the healthy control and ASD groups, while the ADHD group classification accuracy was estimated to be 84%. These two models showed similar classification indices for the ADHD group. However, the discrimination power was higher in the ASD class.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The method employed in this study demonstrated acceptable performance in classifying disorders and healthy conditions compared to the more commonly used SVM method. Notably, functional connections associated with the cerebellum showed discriminative power.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"15 3","pages":"367-382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11470894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of IGF1 and MGF on Neural Stem Cells in Hypoxic Conditions.","authors":"Tuğba Aydıntuğ-Gürbüz, Fatih Toprak, Selin Toprak, Selçuk Sözer","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3981.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2022.3981.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ischemic stroke has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Low oxygen (O₂) levels detected in such conditions create a vulnerable environment for neural stem cells (NSC), altering neuronal function, and leading to neuronal injury or death. There are still no effective treatments for such consequences. This study investigates the molecular and functional effects of growth factors, namely, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and mechano growth factor (MGF), in NSC exposed to low O₂ levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An in vitro ischemia model was created by rat hippocampal NSC grown in culture that was exposed to varying oxygen levels, including 0%, 3%, and 20 % for the representation of anoxic, hypoxic, and normoxic conditions, respectively, during 24 h. NSC has investigated <i>IGF-I</i>, <i>MGF</i>, and <i>HIF1-Alpha (HIF-1α)</i> gene expressions by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The effects of external administration of growth factors (IGF-I and MGF) on NSC proliferation in such conditions were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased <i>IGF-I</i> and <i>MGF</i> gene expressions were detected in the samples exposed to low O₂. Anoxia was the highest stimulant for <i>IGF-I</i> and <i>MGF</i> gene expressions. Meanwhile, HIF1-α that encodes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α revealed downregulation in relative gene expression fold change with IGF-I application in all conditions, whereas <i>MGF</i> application upregulated its change in an anoxic environment. Furthermore, MGF-induced NSC had more proliferationmigration rate in all oxygen conditions. <i>IGF-I</i> induced significant NSC proliferation in 0% and 20% O₂.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that IGF-I and MGF expressions were increased to reduce the damage in NSC exposed to low oxygen, and exogenous MGF and IGF-I application increased NSC proliferation at the time of injury. The results might imply the role of exogenous MGF and IGF-I in the treatment of ischemia for relieving the effect of neuronal damage due to their neuroprotective and proliferative effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"15 3","pages":"343-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11470890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Rehabilitation for Adult Patients With Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Farah Bakizadeh, Saba Mokhtari, Fahime Saeed, Asieh Mokhtari, Pouria Akbari Koli, Mohammadreza Shalbafan","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.1604.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2022.1604.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling mental condition. Many studies have shown that OCD patients have cognitive deficits in various aspects of their cognition, which is a worsening factor of symptom severity, a potential endophenotype, insight predictor, and prognostic indicator of OCD. We designed this systematic review to evaluate the clinical efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in cognitive deficits and symptom severity of patients with OCD following the PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library using the MeSH terms and keywords of 'cognitive rehabilitation' and 'obsessive-compulsive disorder'. The database search identified 200 records of interest, and then 105 duplicates were removed from them. From 95 remaining studies, six articles were eligible for the study and met the inclusion criteria. The six articles described individual RCT studies representing a wide variety of study designs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The six included studies investigated the effect of \"organizational training\", \"cognitive remediation\", \"attention splitting\" and \"goal management training\" on cognitive impairments and symptom severity of OCD patients.There are a small number of studies with different designs and some biases that have examined the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in OCD patients, with conflicting results regarding the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on OCD symptom severity or cognitive deficit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results, we cannot conclude about the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in adults with OCD. Considering the importance of cognitive deficits in OCD patients, it is necessary to design and conduct standard trials to investigate the role of cognitive rehabilitation in these disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"15 3","pages":"287-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11470898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}