Aquaculture最新文献

{"title":"Study on the antioxidant defense of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) against sulfonamide antibiotics","authors":"Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Liping You ,&nbsp;Jing Sun ,&nbsp;Hao Yu ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Changlin Song ,&nbsp;Bo Su ,&nbsp;Chenglong Ji ,&nbsp;Lin Ye ,&nbsp;Shujun Li ,&nbsp;Yanmin Qi ,&nbsp;Yuanqing Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the impact of four sulfonamide antibiotics on the antioxidant defense mechanisms of the Pacific oyster (<em>Crassostrea gigas</em>) were detected. The exposure concentrations were set at 5 μg/L and 500 μg/L, based on the concentrations of sulfonamide antibiotics that have been investigated in the marine environment. The experiment was conducted at 48-h and 14-day exposure to the antibiotics, and bacterium stimulation by <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> after the exposure. The results showed that the oysters exhibited varying degrees of bioaccumulation for different sulfonamide antibiotics, though all bioconcentration factors (BCFs) remained below the threshold of 1000 (L/kg). However, given that oysters in natural environments are exposed to these antibiotics for significantly longer durations than in this experiment, the potential health risks associated with consuming sulfonamide-contaminated oysters cannot be overlooked. Additionally, research findings demonstrated that sulfonamide antibiotics trigger unique antioxidative responses within specific oyster tissues. These compounds catalyze notable shifts in SOD, CAT, and GPx enzyme activities, alongside MDA levels, with variations distinctly observed across different tissue types. The biotoxic effect of antibiotics on the oyster gills was lower than that on the hepatopancreas. The low concentrations of sulfonamide antibiotics exposure could induce antioxidant defences in the gills, but did not cause severe oxidative damage. While, high concentrations exposure could cause hepatopancreas oxidative damage. Among the four sulfonamide antibiotics, the potential biotoxic effect of sulphadoxine (SDX) was the highest, followed by sulfamethazine (SMT), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), while the biological oxidative stress responses of oysters to SMM and SMT were earlier than those of SMX and SDX.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic parameter estimation of tolerance traits for ammonia‑nitrogen and nitrite‑nitrogen in Urechis unicinctus","authors":"Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Juan Sui ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Yanqing Ma ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Lai ,&nbsp;Mingyu Shao ,&nbsp;Yongzheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongtao Wang ,&nbsp;Zongtao Chen ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yubin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The echiura worm, <em>Urechis unicinctus</em>, is an aquatic germplasm resource with high economic value in China and exhibits a high degree of nutritional and medicinal value. However, the limited exchange of water resources, bait residues, and accumulation of metabolic wastes in high-density intensive aquaculture make it difficult to accurately regulate the concentration of inorganic nitrogen in the environment, resulting in huge economic losses for the <em>U. unicinctus</em> farming industry. In this study, 20 full-sib families were used to investigate the genetic parameters of <em>U. unicinctus</em> under two inorganic nitrogen stress conditions: ammonia‑nitrogen and nitrite‑nitrogen. The 72-h semi-lethal concentrations of <em>U. unicinctus</em> under the two inorganic nitrogen stresses were calculated to be 1.39 g/L and 1.94 g/L, respectively. The estimated heritability for ammonia‑nitrogen and nitrite‑nitrogen tolerances were 0.21 ± 0.08 and 0.66 ± 0.18, which were medium to high levels of heritability. The genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients between inorganic nitrogen tolerance and body weight ranged from 0.02 ± 0.30–0.80 ± 0.08 and 0.42 ± 0.07–0.49 ± 0.04, while Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.38 and 0.58 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), respectively. These results indicate that selective breeding has great potential for enhancing the inorganic nitrogen tolerance traits of <em>U. unicinctus</em>, while body weight can be used for indirect selection of the ammonia‑nitrogen tolerance trait. The results provide valuable information for the cultivation of new high-yield and stress-resistant varieties of <em>U. unicinctus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of low-protein diets with varied lipid levels on growth, metabolism of Penaeus vannamei, and carbon and nitrogen cycling in biofloc systems","authors":"Wenping Feng ,&nbsp;Han Wang,&nbsp;Jiteng Wang,&nbsp;Xueting Liu,&nbsp;Hanying Xu,&nbsp;Tao Han,&nbsp;Yingli Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofloc technology (BFT) enhances shrimp farming sustainability by improving water quality and reducing external feed inputs. While protein and lipid requirements for <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> in BFT systems are lower than in traditional systems, the optimal lipid level under low-protein diets remains unclear. This study examined the effect of low-protein diets with varying lipid levels on the growth, metabolism, and nutrient cycling of <em>P. vannamei</em> in biofloc systems. Five diets with fixed 29 % protein and lipid levels ranging from 5 % to 13 % were tested, with the control diet containing 35 % protein and 8.6 % lipid. Results showed that lipid levels did not significantly affect biofloc composition, but shrimp growth was optimized at 10.04 %–10.14 % lipid. Higher lipid levels boosted lipase and CAT activity, while amylase, trypsin and SOD activities remained unchanged. Higher lipid levels (11 %–13 %) improved nitrogen retention and utilization. Microbial analysis indicated <em>Leucothrix mucor</em> played a role in nitrogen assimilation, with increased expression of genes related to the DNRA pathway in 9 % lipid group. Although carbon budgeting was unaffected by lipid levels, carbon loss remained high among all groups, potentially due to incomplete utilization of glycolysis and acetate metabolism or shrimp molting. This study highlights the potential for optimizing nutrient strategies in BFT systems to improve feed efficiency and support sustainable shrimp farming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two for the price of one: A case report of a neglected trematode of predatory fish, Azygia lucii (Digenea: Azygiidae), and an ignored problem of commercial fisheries","authors":"Anna Stanicka ,&nbsp;Natalia Rucińska ,&nbsp;Anna Faltýnková ,&nbsp;Julita Templin ,&nbsp;Anna Cichy ,&nbsp;Elżbieta Żbikowska ,&nbsp;Kamila S. Zając-Garlacz","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of Azygiidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) firstly in snail hosts (<em>Planorbis planorbis</em>) from a lake widely used for fishing purposes (Lake Drawsko located in the West Pomerania Voivodeship, Poland) and secondly in fish – northern pike (<em>Esox lucius</em>) – from trade (obtained from a fish wholesaler located in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland). Additionally, our molecular identification aimed to document the exact species identity of azygiids. Our analysis of DNA sequences for the mitochondrial COI marker obtained for adults and cercariae confirmed that the checked azygiids belong to <em>Azygia lucii</em>. Additionally, we provided sequences for the first time for the ITS2 marker, which was previously not available for this species. The prevalence of azygiids from the planorbid snail population was 22.58 %, which accounts for 87.5 % of detected digenean trematode infections. All purchased pike were infected with gastrointestinal helminths. We found digeneans in 53.97 % of the fish examined, with <em>A. lucii</em> being the only species recorded. The obtained DNA sequences from both larval and adult stages of <em>A. lucii</em> are the first molecular confirmation of its systematic affiliation in Central Europe. The high prevalence of the trematode in both intermediate and definitive hosts reported in our investigation indicates that more attention should be paid to the epidemiology of fish parasitic diseases, especially in areas where they are obtained for trade. This result raises concerns about its possible adverse economic effects, which <em>A. lucii</em> could have when occurring at high intensities in fish definitive hosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiparasitic efficacy of aqueous green tea extracts and its key constituents against Cryptocaryon irritans in the Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)","authors":"Yongchao Yuan,&nbsp;Kangshuai Sun,&nbsp;Dongqi Li,&nbsp;Jianmei Hu,&nbsp;Yue Sun,&nbsp;Xiao Xie,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Suming Zhou,&nbsp;Fei Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryptocaryoniasis remains a major threat to marine teleost species worldwide. To develop eco-friendly prophylactic treatment and prevention strategies, this study systematically evaluated the efficacy of aqueous green tea extract (AGTE) against three <em>Cryptocaryon irritans</em> life stages and its therapeutic potential during <em>C. irritans</em> infections of cultured large yellow croakers (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>). In vitro parasiticidal assays demonstrated a significant positive correlation between AGTE concentration, treatment duration, and mortality rates across the three parasite life stages. Notably, at 50 mg/L, AGTE achieved a stage-specific efficacy of &gt;80 % theront mortality within 2 h, 55.56 % protomont mortality within 4 h, and 61.11 % tomont mortality within 12 h. Increasing the AGTE concentration to 75 mg/L enhanced efficacy to 95 % theront mortality within 1 h, 52.78 % protomont mortality within 2 h, and 100 % tomont mortality within 12 h. Ultrastructural analysis revealed significant changes in tomonts following 12 h exposure to 75 mg/L AGTE, including disrupted internal organization, expanded periplasmic space between the cyst wall and cytoplasm, reduced mucocyst counts, and the formation of pathological vacuoles. Transmission electron microscopy further showed mitochondrial degeneration in the 75 mg/L AGTE exposed tomonts characterized by disrupted outer membranes, disorganized cristae, and matrix dissolution with vacuolation. In vivo challenge trials showed complete mortality (100 %) in <em>L. crocea</em> in untreated controls by day nine (relative tomont number [RTN] = 85.5), whereas AGTE-treated groups exhibited dose-dependent protection: 25 mg/L (6.67 % survival), 75 mg/L (76.67 %), and 150 mg/L (60.0 %) at trial termination (day 14). Notably, tomont elimination occurred in the 75 mg/L and 150 mg/L groups, while residual tomonts persisted in 25 mg/L treatment tanks (RTN = 7.5 at day 14). Bioactivity-guided characterization identified epigallocatechin (EGC) as the predominant catechin in AGTE, demonstrating complete tomont eradication at 40 mg/L following 12 h of immersion. Comparative analysis revealed that gallic acid (GA) required double the concentration of EGC (80 mg/L) to achieve equivalent efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited in vivo conversion of dietary D3 to 25-OH-D3 in rainbow trout and undetectable endogenous photo-production of D3 in indoor-raised fish","authors":"S. Rider ,&nbsp;E. Chenal ,&nbsp;B. Guy ,&nbsp;P. Cabo-Valcarce ,&nbsp;C. Chatelle ,&nbsp;A. Schattner ,&nbsp;C. Modugno ,&nbsp;S. Etheve ,&nbsp;E. Santigosa","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D is essential for salmonids and is routinely supplemented in feeds as cholecalciferol (D₃). As an intermediate metabolite in the <em>in vivo</em> conversion of D₃ to active vitamin D (1,25-OH-D₃), directly adding calcifediol (25-OH-D₃) to feed may improve vitamin D status.</div><div>An 84-day feeding trial was conducted in rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) raised indoors, to compare dietary 25-OH-D₃ and D₃ at levels of 200, 400, or 800 μg/kg. Zootechnical performance and the profiles of vitamin D metabolites in plasma, muscle, and liver were assessed.</div><div>D₃ and 25-OH-D₃ appeared in plasma, muscle, and liver in a dose-dependent manner. Both metabolites supported optimal zootechnical performance and maintained vitamin D status at all inclusion levels, as indicated by body weight, feed conversion, specific growth rate, and plasma 1,25-OH-D₃ concentrations. Plasma and muscle 25-OH-D₃ profiles showed that the conversion of dietary D₃ to 25-OH-D₃ <em>in vivo</em> was limited. Additionally, undetectable levels of D₃ in fish that did not receive this metabolite in their feed indicated the lack of any significant endogenous photo-production of D₃.</div><div>This study demonstrates that 25-OH-D₃ can support growth in salmonids. While adding D₃ to fish feeds increases respective levels in the body, the conversion of D₃ to 25-OH-D₃ is limited. Therefore, to raise <em>in vivo</em> levels of 25-OH-D₃ above this threshold, it needs to be direclty added to the feed. Since salmonids raised indoors do not produce detectable D₃ endogenously, they rely on dietary sources to meet their vitamin D requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association and genomic selection studies on feed efficiency with fishmeal-free feed in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)","authors":"Gongsi Wang ,&nbsp;Yingbo Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Li ,&nbsp;Ranxin Fu ,&nbsp;Xingcheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhenye Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuhan Jin ,&nbsp;Sen Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Ren ,&nbsp;Lining Zhang ,&nbsp;Qinghui Ai ,&nbsp;Ming Fang ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>) is one of the most economically important marine fish and the largest consumer of fishmeal in China. To address the challenges of fishmeal shortages and eutrophication in the culture sea area, it is crucial to breed strains that can adapt to fishmeal-free (FMF) feed while maintaining high feed efficiency (FE). To achieve this, we conducted 28-day indoor feeding experiments using FMF formula feed, during which the feeding behavior was monitored through video recordings. We evaluated individual feed intake (FI) and FE, finding significant variations among individuals. Whole genome sequencing of 534 experimental individuals identified over 6 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We estimated the heritabilities of feed efficiency ratio, residual feed intake and weight gain rate as 0.162, 0.087 and 0.288, respectively. The genomewide association study (GWAS) identified 11 significant SNPs on 9 chromosomes associated with FE. Within these GWAS loci, several candidate genes, such as <em>cadm3</em>, <em>galnt9</em>, <em>cmoat2</em> and <em>gef28</em>, which are involved in nutrient-sensing, inflammatory response and immune response. We also evaluated the predictive ability of breeding values for feed efficiency ratio, residual feed intake and weight growth rate. The predictive abilities were 0.150, 0.061 and 0.233 with GBLUP, and 0.158, 0.081 and 0.261 with BayesB, respectively. This study provides a crucial foundation for implementing genomic selection to enhance the adaptability and FE of <em>L. crocea</em> to FMF feed and to analyze the underlying genetic mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary microalgal mixture improve survival, growth performance, lipid metabolism, and inflammation in black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) fed high-fat diet","authors":"Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Kai Liao,&nbsp;Peng Shi,&nbsp;Fengjun Xie,&nbsp;Jilin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diet (HFD) or other stimuli are the major challenges in aquaculture. The present study was devoted to systematically and comprehensively investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with marine microalgae (<em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em>:<em>Tetraselmis</em> sp.:<em>Isochrysis galban</em> = 6:3:1) on growth performance, feed intake, tissue morphology, biochemical indices of blood and organs, as well as multi-organ molecular indices of lipid metabolism and inflammation in black seabream (<em>Acanthopagrus schlegelii</em>) fed HFD. Fish with an average weight of 0.73 ± 0.13 g were fed four isonitrogenous diets with varying lipid levels over a period of 62 days: normal fat diet (NFD, 11 % lipid), HFD (18 % lipid), HFD with 5 % microalgae (5MHFD) and HFD with 10 % microalgae (10MHFD). Compared to the HFD, both 5MHFD and 10MHFD significantly increased the survival rate from 63.49 % to 81.00 % and 91.00 %, respectively. The 10MHFD also demonstrated enhanced final weight, feed intake, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, alongside reduced feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index. Moreover, the dietary microalgal mixture mitigated hepatic lipid deposition, with hepatic triglyceride content in microalgal groups being less than 40 % of that observed in the HFD. In the liver, 10MHFD significantly reduced the content of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase compared to the HFD. Histological analysis revealed that the intestinal villi of fish fed microalgal mixture exhibited significantly greater height and density with more uniform and neat arrangement than those in fish fed HFD. Additionally, the dietary microalgal mixture mitigated the oxidative stress, decreased lipase activity, and increased protease activity. Furthermore, microalgal mixture inhibited the expression of lipogenesis gene (<em>fatty acid synthase</em>) and stimulate the expression of lipolysis-related genes (<em>peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha</em> and <em>carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A</em>). The marine microalgal mixture also increased the expression of <em>anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10</em> and decreased the expression of <em>pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta</em> in the liver, intestine, and kidney. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with the marine microalgal mixture improved lipid metabolism and attenuated lipid deposition in liver as well as alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress in both the liver and intestine. These effects promote overall health and enhance survival and growth performance in black seabream subjected to HFD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of butane-defatted black soldier fly larvae meal replace dietary fishmeal on growth, antioxidant capacity and intestine health of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Xiaomin Li ,&nbsp;Yongkang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhihong Liao ,&nbsp;Xuanqi Chen ,&nbsp;Xingyu Gu ,&nbsp;Tao Ye ,&nbsp;Haiqi Pu ,&nbsp;Wenjie Li ,&nbsp;Bo Zhu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Jin Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing price of fishmeal, the quest for alternative protein sources has become increasingly imperative. Among the potential protein sources, the black soldier fly (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) has garnered considerable attention as an insect-derived protein source in aquafeed in the recent years. However, in previous studies, the use of full-fat and partly defatted black soldier fly larvae meal to replace a high proportion of fishmeal (more than 50 %) may have negative impacts on the growth of rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>). Here we provided defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (BSF) using subcritical butane extraction and used it as a protein source to replace graded levels of fishmeal (0, 15 %, 30 %, 45 %, 60 %, 75 %, named CD, BSF15, BSF30, BSF45, BSF60, BSF75) in rainbow trout diet (with white fishmeal content of 42.0 %, 35.7 %, 29.4 %, 23.1 %, 16.8 %, 10.5 % in diets). The initial weight of rainbow touts was 215.16 ± 2.30 g, and the fish were fed for 8 weeks under conditions of 6.7–13.2 °C. The aim of this research was to examine the impact of dietary BSF on growth, antioxidant capacity and intestine health of rainbow trout. The result revealed that the BSF30 and BSF45 groups achieved significantly higher final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate than the CD group. Further regression analysis of these indicators showed that the optimal replacement level was 36.21 %–37.26 %. The BSF75 group was observed the lowest weight gain and the highest feed conversion ratio in all BSF groups. The activity of SOD was not significantly affected in the liver and intestine among groups. The height of intestine folds was higher in the BSF30 and BSF45 groups than CD group indicated the stronger digestive capacity. Furthermore, the gene expression of <em>myd88</em> and <em>tnfα</em> were upregulated when 60 % fishmeal was replaced, indicating that high BSF content in rainbow trout diets may stimulated intestine inflammation. Compared to the CD group, the increased expression of <em>atg12</em> and <em>atg4b</em>, the decreased protein level of p62 and the elevated ratio of LC3B-II/LC3B-I in BSF45 group in intestine indicated its enhanced autophagy activity. Overall, the utilization of 36.21 %–37.26 % BSF in replacement of fishmeal could achieve improved growth performance without causing significant inflammation. Replacing 60 % and greater fishmeal with BSF would reduce the growth rate of rainbow trout which was not recommend.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune responses of Ctenopharyngodon idella juveniles against the ciliated parasite's reinfection induced by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts at the threshold density","authors":"Ting-Long Hou ,&nbsp;Yao-Wu Fu ,&nbsp;Xing-Chi Guo,&nbsp;Shu-Guan Guo,&nbsp;Shi-Lu Huang,&nbsp;Qi-Zhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</em> (Ich) is an important ciliate parasitizing freshwater fishes worldwide and leads to considerable economic losses to the aquaculture industry. The present study aimed to find the threshold density of <em>I. multifiliis</em> theronts in grass carp juveniles and to evaluate the immune responses of the host fish infected at the density. The results showed that the threshold density was 20 theronts per liter water, and no mortality of the juveniles occurred when the theront density was equal or below the threshold density. The activities of serum acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LZM), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the juveniles increased significantly after treatment at the threshold density of theronts. The mRNA expression levels of immune factor genes (<em>IL-1β</em>, <em>TNF-α</em>, <em>C3</em> and <em>C9</em>), and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes of <em>IgM</em>, <em>IgD</em> and <em>IgZ</em> as well as the protein levels of immunoglobulins IgM, IgD and IgZ of grass carp juveniles were up-regulated significantly post infection of <em>I. multifiliis</em> at a threshold density. The increased important immune related molecules levels of the juveniles eliminated the ciliated parasite, and the recovery grass carp juveniles had a mean survival rate of 90% when they were re-infected by <em>I. multifiliis</em> at a density of 10,000 theronts per fish (2000 theronts per liter water), which is 25 times as many as the threshold density, while the juveniles in control group were at 100% mortality. Thus, the present study determined the non-lethal threshold density of <em>I. multifiliis</em> theronts in grass carp juveniles, and clarified that the theronts infection at threshold density induced the fish immune responses to protect the recovery grass carp juveniles from re-infection of <em>I. multifiliis</em>. The results will be helpful for aquaculture industry to take strategy to manage and control the disease caused by <em>I. multifiliis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}