Aquaculture最新文献

{"title":"First report of turbot circovirus in cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in Korea","authors":"Yeong Eun Oh ,&nbsp;Young Juhn Lee ,&nbsp;Eung Jun Lee ,&nbsp;Bo Kwang Kang ,&nbsp;Lyu Jin Jun ,&nbsp;Joon Bum Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Turbot circovirus (TCV) is a recently identified virus associated with tumor in farmed turbot (<em>Scophthalmus maximus</em>). However, its distribution, pathogenicity, and genetic characteristics remain poorly understood. In this study, we report the first detection and characterization of TCV from diseased turbots farmed in Jeju, Korea, where juvenile stocks are commonly imported from China. Affected fish exhibited external and internal signs, including jaw tumors and co-infections with bacteria and parasites. Real-time PCR targeting the capsid (<em>cap</em>) gene confirmed high viral loads in tumor tissues compared to other organs. Among ten tissues analyzed from TCV-only infected individuals, both kidney and spleen showed relatively high viral loads, suggesting systemic infection. Histopathological examination revealed glomerular atrophy with Bowman's space expansion in the kidney, melanomacrophage centers and lymphoid hyperplasia in the spleen, and hepatic necrosis in the liver. Tumors were histologically diagnosed as fibromas. Phylogenetic analysis based on the <em>cap</em> gene sequence indicated a shared origin between the Korean isolate, TCV-KJ1 and the Chinese strain TurCV10LN-18/2021 due to their clustering together with 99.7 % sequence identity. These findings suggest that TCV is an emerging virus in Korean turbot aquaculture. Continuous surveillance and further investigation into host immune responses under single and co-infection conditions are needed to develop effective disease management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 743228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of histone epigenetic modifications in the gills from Atlantic salmon during smoltification under production conditions","authors":"Angara Zambrano ,&nbsp;Luis Paiva ,&nbsp;Daniela Nualart ,&nbsp;M. Clara Jara ,&nbsp;Carlos Spichiger ,&nbsp;Jose Luis P. Muñoz ,&nbsp;Luis Vargas-Chacoff ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Morera","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smoltification in Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>) is a critical developmental transition involving extensive physiological remodeling to enable the migration from freshwater to seawater. Among the most significant changes are those occurring in the gills, where ionoregulatory machinery is upregulated to support salt secretion. While the transcriptional dynamics of gill remodeling are well characterized, the upstream regulatory mechanisms driving these changes remain poorly understood.</div><div>Here, we investigated whether histone acetylation—a key epigenetic mechanism regulating transcription—is changing in gills of Atlantic salmon during smoltification in an industrial setting. We performed immunohistochemistry using an antibody against acetylated histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) to assess chromatin states across smoltification stages. We detected consistent nuclear H3K9ac immunoreactivity in gill tissue, which significantly declined in post-smolt fish following seawater transfer. To explore the regulatory basis of this pattern, we quantified the expression of genes encoding histone-modifying enzymes. Notably, the decrease in H3K9ac coincided with a significant upregulation of HDAC1, a histone deacetylase associated with transcriptional repression. Additional changes were observed in the expression of HDAC3, Sin3A, and selected histone acetyltransferases, particularly in fish with delayed seawater transfer.</div><div>This study provides the first evidence that histone acetylation, specifically H3K9ac, is dynamically regulated during smoltification in Atlantic salmon. Our findings suggest that epigenetic modifications may contribute to transcriptional reprogramming in the gills during this critical physiological transition. Further studies targeting the epigenetic regulation of ion transporter gene promoters are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying osmoregulatory adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 743225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin inhibits koi herpesvirus (KHV) replication via Nrf2-Keap1/ARE and NF-κB pathways in ornamental koi (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)","authors":"Yuxiang Ji ,&nbsp;Bingli Liu ,&nbsp;Aixin Liu ,&nbsp;Dehua Kong ,&nbsp;Jie Liang ,&nbsp;Ziyan Liao ,&nbsp;Xiujing Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Li ,&nbsp;Jingxiang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is a pathogen causing high contagion rate and elevated mortality in carp in the world. Curcumin has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties in fish species. In this study, its preventive effects against KHV and inhibitory mechanism were investigated in koi carp. On day 3 post intraperitoneal injection with curcumin at a concentration of 0 (control), 20, 40, or 80 <u>μg</u>/g of body weight, the fish was injected with 200 μL KHV at the concentration of TCID50 = 10^–6.75. Enzyme activities in the gill and hepatopancreas were assessed on days 1, 2, and 3 after curcumin injection, and on day 7 following KHV infection. The highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were observed on day 3 after injection with 40 μg/g curcumin (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). On day 7 after KHV infection, although all curcumin concentrations showed effectiveness in suppressing KHV replications (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), the 40 <u>μg/g</u> treatment resulted in the highest and significant changes in all the parameters measured; in comparison with the positive control (KHV injection only), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in both tissue samples increased significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) whereas the activities of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) reduced significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Concurrently, the expressions of Nrf2, Marf, CAT, SOD and HO-1 genes were significantly upregulated in curcumin treatments following the KVH injection, especially in the 40 μg/g treatment. In this treatment, the expressions of genes involving in inflammatory responses (e.g. Keap 1, NF-κB, p65, IL-6 and TNF-α genes) were significantly lower than those in the KHV positive control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These findings indicate that curcumin could effectively inhibit KHV replications, activate antioxidant functions and alleviate both oxidative and inflammatory stresses via the Nrf 2-Keap1/ARE and NF-κB pathways. As this intervention enhanced the survival of koi carp infected by KHV, curcumin treatment could be an effective strategy to manage this disease in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 743229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of novel Yersinia ruckeri bacteriophages for potential use in aquaculture","authors":"Ilhan Altinok ,&nbsp;Mustafa Ture ,&nbsp;Dilek Ustaoglu ,&nbsp;Ayse Cebeci ,&nbsp;Rafet Çağrı Öztürk ,&nbsp;Elif Aygür ,&nbsp;Özcan Kaygusuz","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yersiniosis, caused by <em>Yersinia ruckeri</em>, poses a major threat to aquaculture, particularly in rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>). This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the therapeutic potential of two novel <em>Y. ruckeri</em>-specific bacteriophages, named YP3 and YP10S2S2. Their genomes consisted of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), with sizes of 36,990 bp for YP3 and 56,579 bp for YP10S2. Phylogenomic analysis classified YP10S2 within the family <em>Drexlerviridae</em>, though its genus and species remain unidentified, while YP3 was placed in the class <em>Caudoviricetes</em> but lacked further taxonomic resolution. Thermal and pH stability tests indicated optimal viability at temperatures up to 25 °C and pH 4–10. in vitro assays demonstrated high adsorption efficiency, short latent periods, and strong lytic activity. Cytotoxicity assays on EPC cells revealed no adverse effects, confirming phage safety. Fish challenge experiment revealed that oral administration of a phage-supplemented diet provided 70 % protection, outperforming intraperitoneal injection (56 %), highlighting oral phage therapy as a more effective disease control strategy. These results suggest that YP3 and YP10S2 are promising candidates for phage therapy in aquaculture due to their specificity, stability, and effectiveness against <em>Y. ruckeri</em>, offering a viable alternative to antibiotics for treating bacterial diseases in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 743219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sphaerospora fulvidraco n. sp. (Cnidaria, Myxosporea) is associated with ascites disease in farmed yellow catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco in China","authors":"Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Zheng ,&nbsp;Fei Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yellow catfish, <em>Tachysurus fulvidraco</em>, is a highly popular freshwater fish in China. Endemic ascites disease has caused mass mortality and significant economic losses in this species. During a series of field investigations, we identified a suspected new causative species of <em>Sphaerospora</em>, based on its consistent association with ascites outbreaks. Infections were detected in the renal tissue of all catfish specimens exhibiting prominent abdominal distension, collected from multiple fish farms. Myxospores are subspherical to spherical, measuring 6.6 ± 0.4 (5.6–7.3) μm in length, 6.5 ± 0.4 (5.6–7.3) μm in width, and 7.2 ± 0.5 (6.2–7.9) μm in thickness. Two subspherical polar capsules are located anteriorly within myxospores and lie in a plane perpendicular to that of the suture line, measuring 3.3 ± 0.3 (2.7–3.9) μm in length and 2.8 ± 0.2 (2.3–3.2) μm in thickness. The obtained SSU rDNA sequence (1620 bp) showed low query coverage (&lt;87 %) and high disparity (&gt;3 %) when compared with available sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis placed the present species within a well-supported clade together with a <em>Sphaerospora</em> sp. (MG214665). These results suggest that this organism isolated from the kidney of yellow catfish, represents a novel species, herein designated as <em>Sphaerospora fulvidraco</em> n. sp. Histopathological examination revealed extensive tissue disintegration and prominent cellular necrosis in the kidney associated with <em>S. fulvidraco</em> infection, which is presumed to impair renal tubule and glomerulus function. By integrating morphological and molecular data, we describe this novel <em>Sphaerospora</em> species and discuss the relationship between its renal infection and the endemic ascites diseases in the farmed yellow catfish based on histopathological findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 743223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing shrimp growth and water quality in constructed wetland recirculating aquaculture systems: Effects of stocking density and shrimp size","authors":"Meimei Hu ,&nbsp;Yanyan Wang ,&nbsp;Jianlei Chen ,&nbsp;Hongwu Cui ,&nbsp;Shengmin Zhu ,&nbsp;Tongtong Jin ,&nbsp;Keming Qu ,&nbsp;Zhengguo Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constructed wetlands integrated into recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) offer an eco-efficient solution for water treatment in shrimp farming by reducing water exchange while maintaining water quality. However, the effects of stocking density on pollutant removal—and its interaction with shrimp size on growth performance—remain poorly understood. In this study, a 112-m² wetland-based RAS was developed to culture <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> under four stocking densities (90, 135, 180, and 360 ind/m³) over a 90-day period. The system included a reservoir, culture ponds, sedimentation tank, plant purification units, and a vertical-flow constructed wetland. Grid search–optimized ridge regression and particle swarm optimization–based gray relational analysis were employed to assess the effects of stocking density and shrimp size on nutrient removal and growth. Results showed that the vertical-flow wetland effectively removed ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand, with removal efficiencies positively correlated with stocking density. By contrast, the removal of nitrate nitrogen and phosphate phosphorus decreased as stocking density increased. Larger shrimp (9–16 cm; 1.16–3.67 g; gray correlation: 0.819) were more sensitive to density effects than smaller ones (4–9 cm; 16.37–19.04 g; gray correlation: 0.667). While lower densities (180 and 360 ind/m³) had minimal impact on the growth of small shrimp, a higher density (540 ind/m³) significantly inhibited performance. These findings provide a quantitative foundation for optimizing stocking density in wetland-integrated RAS to enhance both water purification efficiency and shrimp yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 743222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dose astaxanthin promotes growth via bile acid-regulated metabolic and lipid-antioxidant pathways in Scylla paramamosain","authors":"Yao Deng ,&nbsp;Shichao Xie ,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhan ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongyu Peng ,&nbsp;Haiqing Cao ,&nbsp;Zheng Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Li ,&nbsp;Tiantian Xu ,&nbsp;Min Jin ,&nbsp;Qicun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the synergistic effects of astaxanthin (AST) and bile acids (BA) on growth, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity in <em>Scylla paramamosain</em> through a 63-day feeding trial using a total of 150 crabs (30 crabs per group)<!--> <!--> integrated with multi-omics analysis (initial weight: 9.07 ± 0.05 g). Five experimental diets were formulated: control (SA0), 50 mg kg⁻¹ AST (SA50), 50 mg kg⁻¹ AST with 0.02 % BA (SA50 + BA2), 50 mg kg⁻¹ AST with 0.04 % BA (SA50 + BA4), and 100 mg kg⁻¹ AST (SA100), respectively. The results indicated that crabs fed diets with SA50 + BA2 and SA100 exhibited higher percent weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) than those fed the other diets (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.05). Both SA50 + BA2 and SA100 increased hemolymph triglycerides (TG) but reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation by enhancing carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 activity (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.05). Moreover, crabs fed diets with SA50 + BA2 and SA100 showed higher activities of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.05), while reducing concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of alanine aminotransferase (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.05). Multi-omics analysis revealed the synergistic interaction of BA-AST through methyl and metabolic coupling: BA inhibited the expression of chitin hydrolysis gene (<em>chitinase</em>) through methyl donor optimization, up-regulated the expression of 5-methylcytosine and down-regulated expression of <em>gnmt</em> (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.05). Simultaneously, AST inhibited phospholipid synthesis (<em>slc5a7</em> downregulation and decreased PC (P-18:1 (9Z) / 0:0), <em>p &lt;</em> 0.05), while BA activated carnitine shuttling (<em>bbox1</em> upregulation and carnitine elevation, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), jointly mitigating hepatic lipidosis. AST-mediated ROS scavenging (<em>sod1</em> upregulation) synergized with BA-induced sulfur metabolism (<em>cbs</em>) and iron regulation (<em>fth1</em>) to enhance redox homeostasis. Pathway analysis confirmed mutual enhancement between AST and BA, with BA improving AST absorption and AST promoting BA-induced <em>β</em>-oxidation. This nutrient synergy enabled a 50 % reduction in AST dosage without compromising growth or antioxidant efficacy, primarily via lipid redistribution and methyl-metabolic coupling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 743220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size matters with respect to the effects of suboptimum summer conditions on Atlantic salmon production","authors":"Maximiliano M. Canepa ,&nbsp;Gianluca Amoroso ,&nbsp;Lewis Rands ,&nbsp;Chris G. Carter","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaculture of Tasmanian Atlantic salmon occurs in a geographical area where water temperatures occasionally approach the upper thermal tolerance of the species and where climate change effects are ahead of global trends. This represents a concern for the local producers as well as being of global interest, particularly in the context of evolving aquaculture practices. In this study, we investigated the impact of long-term suboptimum conditions on seawater production characteristics of both small (Experiment 1; ∼420 g average size) and large (Experiment 2; ∼2600 g) Atlantic salmon from the same breeding cohort and genetic lines (∼170 families). Each experiment was undertaken in recirculating aquaculture systems and consisted of three periods: 14 days of acclimation (15 °C and 100 % dissolved oxygen -DO-); 67–72 days of exposure to suboptimum conditions (19 °C and 80 % DO); and a 40–42 day recovery period (15 °C and 100 % DO). All fish were PIT-tagged and individually measured at the pre-acclimation, post-suboptimum conditions, and post-recovery at the end of the experiment. Feed intake decreased during exposure to suboptimum conditions in both fish sizes but recovered during the recovery period. There were significant differences in specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and condition factor due to experimental conditions and fish size. Machine learning analyses identified a significantly greater impact of long-term exposure to suboptimum conditions on large fish as compared to small individuals. The translational approach used in this study improves our understanding of the effects of suboptimum summer conditions on Atlantic salmon and provides insights on practical size-based mitigation strategies and a baseline to produce predictive models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 743191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating the gut microbiome-immune axis in shrimp: Use of probiotics to enhance disease resistance","authors":"Abhishek Negi ,&nbsp;Jyh-Yih Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shrimp aquaculture is a rapidly growing industry worldwide. However, disease outbreaks due to intensive farming practices often limit production. Probiotics may offer a natural, cost-effective means of enhancing shrimp growth, immunity and disease resistance, acting via modulation of the gut microbiome-immune axis. This review describes the known interactions of the shrimp gut microbiome with the immune system, focusing on how probiotics can be used to benefit shrimp aquaculture. We first discuss the composition of the shrimp gut microbiome and how external stressors or pathogens can modulate the microbiota and contribute to disease progression. Then, we explore the potential roles of probiotics in shrimp gut microbiome maintenance and how these agents may improve immune responses and disease resistance. Key mechanisms contributing to probiotic effects include the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), maintenance of gut membrane integrity, modulation of immune-related genes, and regulation of intestinal homeostasis via C-type lectins (e.g., <em>Ctl24</em> and <em>Ctl33</em>). Furthermore, probiotics can prime the shrimp immune system through serological, mucosal and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-mediated processes. Studies integrating microbiome, metabolomic and transcriptomic data can comprehensively reveal these effects. Finally, this review highlights future research directions, such as the use of artificial intelligence-based systems for improved early detection of disease, the application of engineered probiotics, and tailored microbiome interventions based on farming conditions. Moreover, further understanding of the long-term ecosystem impacts and effects on humans upon consumption will be crucial for realizing the full potential of probiotics in sustainable shrimp aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 743214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome and serum metabolites analysis revealed tissue-specific response pathways to acute salinity stress in grass carp","authors":"Yuexuan Wang ,&nbsp;Renjie Yu ,&nbsp;Lifang Cao ,&nbsp;Dekun Tang ,&nbsp;Xiufeng Fang ,&nbsp;Yanlin Liu ,&nbsp;Ruixian Huo ,&nbsp;Qiwei Qin ,&nbsp;Shina Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity is a key environmental factor affecting the survival of teleost fish. Understanding the response of fish to salinity fluctuations, especially the expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms in different tissues, is crucial for the breeding of salt-tolerant fish strains. This study evaluated the tolerance mechanisms of grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>) under acute salinity stress, with a focus on the gills, kidneys, and skin, using histological evaluation, physiological and biochemical assessments, and transcriptomic profiling. To achieve this objective, both serum and tissue samples were collected for comprehensive analysis. The results indicated salinity stress induced pathological changes and oxidative damage in the tissues. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that after 24 h of exposure to 9 ppt salinity stress, 306, 1241, and 259 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the gills, kidneys, and skin, respectively, the overlapping genes among which were significantly associated with secondary active transmembrane transporter activity. Furthermore, enrichment analysis revealed that while the gills primarily activated mechanisms related to lipid metabolism, such as glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis, the kidneys, in contrast, mainly activated pathways associated with cell fate regulation, including the Notch and ErbB signaling pathways, to cope with salinity stress. Conversely, the skin mostly initiated intracellular degradation pathways under salinity stress, such as the proteasome and autophagy pathways. Moreover, the key DEGs identified in the tissues were strongly correlated with the differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the serum, suggesting that the salt tolerance of fish in saline environments is the result of the coordinated function of multiple organs. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide insights into the tissue-specific responses of grass carp to salinity stress, further offering a theoretical basis for breeding salt-tolerant grass carp strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 743211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}