Aquaculture最新文献

{"title":"Saturated fat and cholesterol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar L.) feeds are important for fish performance, fillet quality and colour","authors":"Nini H. Sissener ,&nbsp;Grethe Rosenlund ,&nbsp;Thomas Larsson ,&nbsp;Øystein Sæle ,&nbsp;Bente Ruyter ,&nbsp;Antony Jesu Prabhu Philip ,&nbsp;Ingunn Stubhaug","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reduced marine ingredients in feeds for farmed Atlantic salmon has resulted in reduced saturated fatty acids (SFA) and cholesterol (CHOL) in the feed. The consequences of this were investigated in a feeding trial with five different levels of SFA, ranging from 10 to 28 % of total fatty acids (TFA) in the feed. With a low fish meal and fish oil content, all these diets had a low basal level of CHOL (&lt;500 mg/kg). Furthermore, the 10 % SFA and the 25 % SFA diets were also made with added CHOL (&gt;2100 mg/kg), giving a factorial design with high/low SFA and high/low CHOL, in addition to the regression design with SFA. The results showed the biggest impact by low SFA levels, such as reduced growth coupled with increased feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR), possibly related to energy spent on endogenous production of SFA. A similar tendency on growth and FCR was also seen for CHOL, but less pronounced. Low SFA (10 % of TFA) also had a negative impact on fillet quality, resulting in increased liquid loss after freezing and thawing. Low SFA (10 % of TFA) and low CHOL (&lt;500 mg/kg) in combination reduced muscle firmness, while both also had a negative impact on fillet colour and astaxanthin content. While neither SFA nor cholesterol are essential nutrients for salmon, as these can be produced endogenously, the current results show that levels should not be as low as 10 % SFA of TFA or &lt; 500 mg/kg CHOL, which would compromise fish performance and fillet quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting welfare in the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris: Development of a non-invasive strategy for monitoring Aggregata octopiana parasite load by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)","authors":"Sara Pérez-Polo ,&nbsp;María M. Costa ,&nbsp;Guillermo Chil,&nbsp;Xoán Martínez,&nbsp;Camino Gestal","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification of welfare biomarkers is essential for the proper maintenance of the common octopus in aquarium systems, as well as for the establishment of a new sustainable aquaculture for this species, ensuring animal welfare. This strategy requires the development of techniques and procedures to monitor and analyze their health status. In the present work, a non-invasive method based on the study of faecal samples using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) has been developed and validated by comparison with light microscopy analysis, to detect and quantify the gastrointestinal coccidian parasite <em>Aggregata octopiana</em>. This method allows for obtaining rapid, cheap, easy and reliable information on the presence of the parasite in aquarium-maintained animals, as well as quantifying their parasite load. The proposed methodology generates the minimal impact on the individuals, allowing for an early detection of the parasite infection, and, therefore, ensuring their welfare. In addition, a reference system for estimating the degree of <em>A. octopiana</em> infection (low, medium, and high) has been established. These characteristics make this non-invasive methodology an excellent candidate as an Operational Welfare Indicator (OWI).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis revealed that largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) may mobilize liver lipid metabolism to provide energy for adaptation to hypertonic stress","authors":"Xinxin Wang,&nbsp;Chaoyue Deng,&nbsp;Wenyan Lin,&nbsp;Huapeng Chen,&nbsp;Haoran Yu,&nbsp;Shukui Sun,&nbsp;Junlong Sun,&nbsp;Jian Luo,&nbsp;Feibiao Song","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the evaporation of water bodies increases globally, salts are accumulating in oceans, lakes, and rivers, and these increased salinity levels have a major effect on the survival, growth, and development of various organisms. <em>Micropterus salmoides</em> is a freshwater fish that can survive under different salinity levels, including brackish water culture in saline-alkali land; it thus provides an excellent model for studies of environmental salinity adaptation. In this study, culture experiments were conducted for 6 weeks at 4 salinity levels, 0 ‰ (C), 5 ‰ (E1), 10 ‰ (E2), and 15 ‰ (E3), to assess the salinity tolerance and the molecular response to salinity in <em>M. salmoides</em>. The histology of the liver tissues of <em>M. salmoides</em> under different levels of salinity stress was examined, and transcriptome sequencing was performed. As the salinity level increased, liver cells became increasingly deformed, the number of liver cells decreased, and the frequency of cavitation and other types of damage increased. We also examined the activity of antioxidant-related enzymes. As the salinity level increased, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the liver of largemouth bass decreased. The antioxidant oxidase activity was significantly lower in the high-salinity group (10 ‰, 15 ‰) than in the low-salinity group (0 ‰, 5 ‰), and the antioxidant oxidase activity was significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control group. RNA sequencing analysis of liver tissues revealed 725, 1780, and 5669 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the high-salinity treatment groups (5 ‰, 10 ‰, and 15 ‰, respectively) compared with the control group (0 ‰). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were involved in material metabolism, energy metabolism, signal transduction, transcription and translation, and apoptosis of cells, especially lipid and energy metabolism. Further analysis showed that the PPAR and AMPK signaling pathways promoted fatty acid β-oxidation to release energy. DEGs involved in lipid metabolism were significantly up-regulated under high salinity stress, and these included genes encoding acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2), hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase alpha (HADHA), hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase beta (HADHB), and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain (ACADs), which were associated with the β-oxidation pathway. In sum, largemouth bass adapts to high-salinity environments by regulating the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway and altering the activities of the PPAR and AMPK pathways and related hub genes to increase fat oxidation and release energy. Our results provide new insights into the response of <em>M. salmoides</em> to salinity challenges and enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of the metabolic regulatory mechanisms in this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and synthesis of magnolol-based compounds with potent antiparasitic activity against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis","authors":"Shenye Qu ,&nbsp;Yihang Liu ,&nbsp;Kaiyuan Lu ,&nbsp;Yunlong Qin ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Qin ,&nbsp;Jietao Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Wu ,&nbsp;Gaoxue Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</em> infections constitute a critical challenge demanding urgent resolution in global aquaculture systems. Although over 20 chemicals and natural products have demonstrated efficacy against <em>I. multifiliis</em> in the past two decades, the translation of these findings into clinically viable antiparasitic agents has progressed slowly, with the development of novel potent therapeutics remaining a major challenge. In this study, six novel magnolol-derived compounds were rationally designed through structural optimization of the magnolol scaffold. All synthesized compounds exhibited potent antiparasitic activity against both theront and tomont stages of <em>I. multifiliis</em>. Compound C1 showed superior efficacy to magnolol, with 18-fold and 26-fold lower EC₅₀ values against theronts (0.035 mg/L) and tomonts (0.024 mg/L) <em>in vitro,</em> respectively. Notably, these activity surpassed the potency of malachite green. Moreover, compound C1 showed lower toxicity than malachite green. ADMET and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that compound C1 had a favorable electrostatic potential (ESP) distribution and a lower energy gap between Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO), indicating good druggability. Integrated <em>in silico</em> strategy identified Mapk3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 3) as the primary therapeutic target mediating C1's antiparasitic effects. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis, along with Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, suggested that compound C1 might disrupt lipid metabolism and lipoxygenases pathways by modulating Mapk3 expression, thereby exerting potent antiparasitic effects. These findings establish compound C1 as the most potent anti-<em>I. multifiliis</em> agent reported to date. Its potential application in aquaculture may provide valuable insights for addressing this critical bottleneck issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a sensitive cell line for grass carp reovirus genotype II","authors":"Wenli Guo ,&nbsp;Yanan Song ,&nbsp;Wen Liu ,&nbsp;Xing Liu ,&nbsp;Wuhan Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass carp hemorrhagic disease (GCHD) is an acute, severe and contagious viral disease mainly caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV)-II. The epidemic outbreaks of GCHD have caused tremendous economic losses and pose a pressing challenge to grass carp aquaculture. Therefore, permissive cell lines for GCRV-II are crucial for elucidating the pathogenesis and vaccine development. In this study, a novel permissive cell line (grass carp brain cell, GCBr) derived from grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>) brain tissue was established and characterized. This fibroblast-like cell line grew well in L-15 medium containing 10 % FBS at 28 °C. Of note, the successive and efficient propagation of GCRV-II in GCBr cells was confirmed by viral infection, PCR assay, viral growth curve, and transmission electron microscopy. The GCBr cells showed a non-typical cytopathic effect at 3 days post infection, characterized by more rounded cells. Animal experiments showed that GCRV-II propagated in GCBr cells led to 100 % mortality in grass carp, with the appearance of muscle hemorrhage and viral inclusion bodies in the brain. In addition, host immune responses in the brain, intestine and liver were examined at different time intervals. Taken together, the establishment of this permissive cell line GCBr provides a new and powerful tool for the propagation of GCRV-II, facilitating the elucidation of the pathogenesis of GCRV-II and the prevention and control of GCHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rab5-mediated phagocytosis restricts Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection in crabs through a ubiquitination-dependent mechanism","authors":"Yubo Ma ,&nbsp;Yu Yao ,&nbsp;Xin Yin ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Yu ,&nbsp;Jing Yan ,&nbsp;Yaqin Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Gu ,&nbsp;Xuguang Li ,&nbsp;Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Qingguo Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rab GTPases are widely expressed in eukaryotes and have been implicated in multiple intracellular transport pathways and pathogenic infection. <em>Spiroplasma eriocheiris,</em> an intracellular pathogen, can cause tremor disease in <em>Eriocheir sinensis</em>. However, the role of Rab GTPases in the transport mechanism during <em>S. eriocheiris</em> infection remains poorly understood. This study identified <em>E. sinensis</em> Rab5 (EsRab5), a member of the Rab GTPase family, as a key regulator of resistance to <em>S. eriocheiris</em> infection. Specifically, EsRab5 was upregulated during <em>S. eriocheiris</em> infection, while its deficiency significantly increased crab mortality and promoted the intracellular proliferation of <em>S. eriocheiris</em>. Additionally, EsRab5-depleted crabs exhibited impaired hemocyte phagocytic activity against <em>S. eriocheiris</em>. At the cellular level, overexpression of EsRab5 in <em>Drosophila</em> S2 cells potentiated the endocytosis of <em>S. eriocheiris</em>, leading to increased cell viability and decreased intracellular <em>S. eriocheiris</em> load. Ubiquitinated proteome analysis further revealed that the K134 site of EsRab5 was a target for polyubiquitination during <em>S. eriocheiris</em> infection. <em>S. eriocheiris</em> infection resulted in the degradation of ectopic expression of EsRab5 in <em>Drosophila</em> S2 cells via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and this degradation was significantly inhibited by K134R mutation. Transfection of the EsRab5 K134R mutant significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells, promoted host cell phagocytosis, and limited <em>S. eriocheiris</em> proliferation in S2 cells, which enhanced the immune function of EsRab5 upon <em>S. eriocheiris</em> infection. These findings support the critical role of Rab5 in the regulation of phagocytosis, with its function tightly regulated by ubiquitination, thereby expanding the understanding of innate immunity in crustaceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterotrophically produced microalga Asterarcys quadricellularis: A superior feed for growth and survival of the brine shrimp","authors":"Hyunji Ki ,&nbsp;Myeong Jun Lee ,&nbsp;Jung A Lee ,&nbsp;Sung Min An ,&nbsp;Nam Seon Kang ,&nbsp;Keun-Yong Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun-Ju Hwang ,&nbsp;Grace Choi ,&nbsp;Jawahar G. Patil ,&nbsp;Kichul Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are crucial bioresources in the aquaculture industry due to their high nutritional value and bioactive components. This study compared the growth and viability of <em>Artemia franciscana</em> nauplii fed with a newly isolated microalga <em>Asterarcys quadricellularis</em> AQYS21 cultivated under photoautotrophic (PA) and heterotrophic (HT) conditions. HT cultivation, optimized with 8 g/L glucose and 4 g/L yeast extract, resulted in approximately 11.4-fold higher algal biomass productivity than PA cultivation. Feeding trials demonstrated that <em>A. franciscana</em> nauplii showed significantly higher growth (1.42-fold) and survival rates (1.78-fold) when fed HT microalgae compared to those fed with PA microalgae. Nutritional composition analysis of the microalgae revealed that HT cultivation led to a 3.03-fold increase in the carbohydrate content compared with the PA condition. Additionally, HT microalgae produced lower levels of chlorophyll <em>a</em> and carotenoids but higher levels of linoleic acid (omega-6) and oleic acid (omega-9) than PA microalgae. Amino acid analysis indicated that HT microalgae had lower amounts of proteinogenic amino acids and higher amounts of free amino acids than PA microalgae. Interestingly, HT microalgae had 1.62-fold thinner cell walls, as observed through TEM images, leading to easier digestion and absorption. This, coupled with high carbohydrate content, likely contributed to the enhanced growth and survival of <em>A. franciscana</em>. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to compare PA and HT microalgae as potential feed sources for brine shrimp. Collectively, the findings suggest that HT cultivation of microalga <em>A. quadricellularis</em> AQYS21 is a useful strategy for producing aquatic feed, enhancing both algal biomass productivity and brine shrimp growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New perspective on mechanism of L-arginine in promoting skeletal muscle growth of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella): Via enhancing skeletal muscle functions and regulating energy metabolism","authors":"Qiu-Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Yu-Long Ma ,&nbsp;Wei-Dan Jiang ,&nbsp;Pei Wu ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Hong-Mei Ren ,&nbsp;Xiao-Wan Jin ,&nbsp;Lin Feng ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qiu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meat quality has always been a main concern for both consumers and meat producers. Energy metabolism is one of the crucial factors effecting skeletal muscle quality that can be used as a key control point. L-arginine (Arg) is an essential amino acid for fish, has been observed to improves muscle quality. However, it is not clear whether Arg can improve muscle quality by regulating energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of fish. In this study, we selected 450 healthy grass carp (661.60 ± 1.00 g) randomly distributed into six groups based on varying concentrations of Arg (3.51, 7.01, 10.51, 14.01, 17.51, and 21.01 g/kg). Each group contained 3 replicates with 25 fish per replicate over a period of 9 weeks. Our findings indicated that Arg improved skeletal muscle sarcomere length, and enhanced skeletal muscle function by upregulating the expression of cytoskeleton proteins and regulating Ca²⁺ homeostasis. Optimal Arg promoted skeletal muscle energy reserves (Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Na⁺-K⁺-ATP levels, glycogen), improved phosphocreatine system, glucose metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycling. Meanwhile, optimal Arg enhanced mitochondrial function and activate the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ Silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (SIRT3)/ PPAR-γ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) pathway. Furthermore, Arg improved the antioxidant function of skeletal muscle via nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) pathway. In summary, these results demonstrate that Arg supplementation promotes the skeletal muscle functions, energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions, and antioxidant capacity, helping to enhance grass carp skeletal muscle growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the symbiotic resilience of boring giant clams and zooxanthellae during heatwave conditions: An investigation into strategic countermeasures","authors":"Zhen Zhao ,&nbsp;Siqi Bi ,&nbsp;Liqiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Zohaib Noor ,&nbsp;Shuming Guo ,&nbsp;Zonglu Wei ,&nbsp;Xixi Duan ,&nbsp;Yanping Qin ,&nbsp;Haitao Ma ,&nbsp;Ying Pan ,&nbsp;Ziniu Yu ,&nbsp;Kotaro Shirai ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Yuehuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global warming has significantly increased the frequency of marine heatwaves, causing severe and long-term impacts on tropical marine ecosystems and coral reef systems. As a key component of coral reefs, giant clams (<em>Tridacna</em> spp.) and their symbiotic algae are critical to ecosystem health, yet their complex regulatory mechanisms under environmental stress remain poorly understood. Our study revealed that while temperature fluctuations minimally affected the growth rates of giant clams, they significantly reduced survival probabilities. Physiological indicators demonstrated that giant clams mitigate oxidative stress caused by heatwaves through the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSH), and acid phosphatase (ACP), which play a key role in immune regulation and stress mitigation. For symbionts, with the elastic change of biomass, photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content show dynamic changes, which is consistent with the pattern of symbionts' loss or death. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed distinct regulatory pathways for both giant clams and zooxanthellae under heatwave conditions, including nutrient metabolism, transport, energy distribution, and immunomodulatory responses. Notably, lipid metabolism genes were down-regulated in host cells, suggesting reduced metabolic activity, while the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase pathway) pathway was highly activated in clams, indicating enhanced immune responses to temperature stress. Conversely, the ABC (ATP-binding cassette transporter) transporters were significantly upregulated in zooxanthellae, likely facilitating stress-related material transport. These findings highlight the need for integrated strategies targeting transcriptomic adjustments across symbiotic partners under stress-specific conditions, offering valuable insights into enhancing <em>Tridacna</em> resilience and addressing the broader impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaempferol attenuated largemouth bass virus caused inflammation via inhibiting NF-κB and ERK-MAPK signaling pathways","authors":"Caijiao Dai ,&nbsp;Yuting Zhu ,&nbsp;Lijuan Li ,&nbsp;Zemao Gu ,&nbsp;Jianghua Wang ,&nbsp;Junfa Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) has caused significant economic losses in the largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) industry due to its unclear pathophysiology and lack of accessible treatment. In this investigation, we aimed to explore the corresponding molecular mechanisms for LMBV-caused inflammation and the anti-inflammatory effects of kaempferol both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. We demonstrated that LMBV infection caused a severe inflammatory response by up-regulating the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (<em>il1β</em>), <em>il8</em>, tumor necrosis factor alpha (<em>tnfα</em>), interferon gamma (<em>ifng</em>), and cyclooxygenase-2 (<em>cox2</em>) both in fish and in FHM cells. Further, LMBV-induced inflammation involved the NF-κB and ERK-MAPK signaling pathways since the inflammatory response could be blocked by specific inhibitors of NF-κB (PDTC) and ERK (U0126), respectively. Additionally, pretreatment with kaempferol dramatically decreased cell death and suppressed LMBV replication in FHM cells, with 50 % effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of 10.89 μM. It is noteworthy that feeding largemouth bass with 50 mg/kg of kaempferol enhanced their survival rate from LMBV infection by 53.33 %. By mechanically blocking NF-κB (p65) nuclear translocation and ERK phosphorylation, kaempferol reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (<em>il1β</em>, <em>il8</em>, <em>il10</em>, <em>tnfα</em>, <em>ifng</em>, and <em>cox2</em>). According to these results, kaempferol and other bioactive elements of herbal plants may be able to regulate the inflammatory response and control LMBV in the aquaculture industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 742626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}